RusHydro Group
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements as at and for the year ended
31 December 2015
(in millions of Russian Rubles unless noted otherwise)
13
sales of electricity and capacity are carried out based on especial rules.
In the isolated energy systems which are not technically integrated into the country's unified energy system,
there is no electricity and capacity wholesale market and electricity is supplied through the regulated
markets.
Wholesale electricity market
The wholesale electricity market has a number of sectors varying in contractual terms, conditions and
delivery time frames: sector of regulated contracts, day-ahead market, sector of unregulated bilateral
contracts and the balancing market.
During 2015 the electricity traded in pricing zones of wholesale market was sold at unregulated prices
excluding of volumes designated for delivery to population, groups of customers equivalent to population and
customers located in North Caucasus and Republic of Tyva.
Electricity and capacity supply tariffs for the Russian Federation are calculated using the price indexing
formulas determined by the Federal Tariff Service (hereinafter referred to as “the FTS”).
Electricity and capacity supply volumes are determined based on the estimated consolidated balance of
electricity production and supply prepared by the FTS, so that for the electricity and capacity generator
supply under regulated contracts does not exceed 35 percent of the total electricity and capacity supply to
the wholesale market determined by the decision on balance for such generator.
Electricity volumes that are not covered by the regulated contracts are sold at unregulated prices on the day-
ahead market (DAM) and balancing market (BM).
DAM is a competitive selection of seller and buyer price bids on the day ahead of actual electricity supply,
including prices and volumes for each of 24 hours. The selection is managed by the Commercial Operator of
the wholesale market (JSC TSA). On DAM, the price is determined by balancing the demand and supply,
and such price is applied to all market participants. To mitigate the price manipulation risk, DAM introduced a
system encouraging the participants to submit competitive price bids – in accordance with the trading rules,
the lowest price bids for electricity supply are satisfied first.
Price indices and trade volumes in DAM are published daily on the web-site of JSC TSA.
Electricity volumes sold under bilateral contracts and on DAM constitute scheduled electricity consumption.
However, actual consumption is inevitably different from the planned one. Deviations from scheduled
production / consumption are traded on a real-time basis on BM, and the System Operator of the wholesale
market (OJSC SO UES) holds additional tenders to select bids every three hours.
Under unregulated bilateral contracts, the market participants independently determine supply counter
parties, prices and volumes.
Wholesale capacity market
Capacity is traded based on the following trading mechanisms:
purchase / sale of capacity under capacity sales contracts, concluded as a result of capacity competitive
selection of bids;
purchase / sale of capacity under unregulated contracts;
purchase / sale of capacity under contracts to provide capacity and under sale contracts of new nuclear
power plants and hydroelectric power plants, similar to capacity sale contracts;
purchase / sale of capacity produced by forced generators;
purchase / sale of capacity under regulated contracts (within the volumes for delivery to population and
groups of customers equivalent to population);
purchase / sale of capacity produced by qualified renewable energy projects under contracts to provide
capacity concluded on the results of the tender for the construction of renewable energy projects.
Competitive capacity selection (CCS) held by OJSC SO UES is the basis of capacity market and determines
which power will be paid on the wholesale market.
Before 2015 CCS was held just for one year ahead (for the next year). The Resolution of the Russian
Government No. 893 dated 27 August 2015 approved new rules for CCS and improved capacity trading
principles on the wholesale market.
In 2015, the CCSs are conducted for 2016-2019. Starting from 2016, capacity under the CCS will be
RusHydro Group
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements as at and for the year ended
31 December 2015
(in millions of Russian Rubles unless noted otherwise)
14
annually selected for the year which is in three calendar years’ time from the year of the respective CCS. The
CCS procedures are performed for the pricing zones not separated into free power transfer zones.
Indexation is performed if CCS is conducted for more than one year ahead. The CCS price is indexed for
CPI decreased by 1 percent for the period from 1 January of the year following the year when the CCS was
conducted to 1 January of the year of supply.
The CCS price represents the maximum of prices in the selected bids and the price at which the demand
function takes a value equal to the cumulative volume of the capacity selected (including the capacity to be
paid irrespective of the CCS results). The CCS price for each pricing zone is the same for all selected
generating facilities. Non-selected capacity that failed to pass through the competitive selection is not paid
for.
If the actual demand for capacity exceeds the volume of generating capacity selected, an adjusting CCS
procedure can be conducted. Capacity commissioned under capacity supply contracts (CSC) entered into
with heating generation sites and contracts with nuclear power plants and hydropower plants similar to CSC
and that of generating sites that are required to maintain the technological operating modes of the energy
system or supply heat (“forced” generators) is paid for irrespective of the CCS results.
During 2015, similar to trading operations with electricity, capacity is supplied under regulated contracts only
in the volumes required for supply to the population, equivalent consumer categories and consumers
operating in some parts of the wholesale market pricing zones, consisting Russian constituent territories as
determined by the Russian Government (North Caucasus and Republic of Tyva).
During 2013 and until 1 May 2014 the volumes of capacity of hydropower plants located in the second
pricing area (Siberia) were supplied for tariffs approved by the FTS. According to the Resolution of the
Russian Government No. 374 dated 28 April 2014 approving changes to the regulations of the wholesale
electricity and capacity market since 1 May 2014 35 percent of capacity are supplied for tariffs and 65
percent – at the price of capacity competitive selection of bids. The Resolution also provides phased
increase in share of capacity of hydropower plants located in the second pricing area (Siberia) supplied at
the price of capacity competitive selection of bids to 80 percent by 1 January 2016, to 100 percent by 1
January 2017.
Non-pricing zone of the Far East
Territories of the Amur Region, Primorsky Region, Khabarovsk Region, Jewish Autonomous Region and the
Southern District of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) are integrated into a single non-pricing zone of the
wholesale electricity and capacity market of the Far East. There are specific features of managing electricity
and capacity trading operations due to limitations in the competition among electricity suppliers and grid-
imposed limitations for electricity flow.
Tariffs for electricity supplied by the Far East energy companies to the consumer (end-consumer tariffs) are
approved by regional regulatory authorities based on the threshold tariff levels approved by the FTS for the
regulated period.
The threshold tariff levels for electricity supplied to population or equivalent consumer categories and other
consumers in the Russian constituent territories are determined by the FTS in accordance with the forecast
of social and economic development in the Russian Federation for the regulated period.
The single buyer wholesale market model is implemented in the Far East non-pricing zone. Suppliers of the
wholesale market supply electricity and capacity to the wholesale market using the tariffs established for
them by the FTS.
The single buyer purchases electricity and capacity on the wholesale market at indicative prices calculated
by JSC TSA based on the tariffs for suppliers of wholesale market approved by the FTS.
JSC TSA makes sure settlements between the electricity generators and buyers. Functions of the single
buyer are assigned to PJSC DEK on the territory of Amur Region, Jewish Autonomous Region, Khabarovsk
Region, Primorsky Region and the Southern District of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia).
However there are regions with only retail market operations – they are isolated energy systems of
Kamchatsky Region, Magadan Region, Chukotsk Autonomous Region, Western and Central Regions of
Sakha Republic (Yakutia) and Sakhalin Region where systems are not technically integrated into the unified
energy system.
Retail electricity market. In the retail electricity markets the sales of electricity purchased on the wholesale
electricity and capacity market and electricity of generating companies which are not participants of the
wholesale market are carried out.
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