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administration, schools and in public life. In practice, the equal status depends on interethnic
relations in the six crown lands where Slovenes live. Slovenes hold the majority of seats only
in the Carniola Diet.
1892 August
Founding of political parties in Slovene territory (in 1895, the
Catholic Society established in January 1890 is renamed the Catholic National Party / later the
Slovene People’s Party). The establishment of the parties reflects the hegemonic tendencies of
the Roman Catholic Church and its demand that public life follow religious principles.
1894 November 29 Founding of the liberal National Party
1896 August 15-16 Founding of the Yugoslav Social Democratic Party
1907
Cisleithania (the Austrian part of Austria-Hungary) introduces
universal suffrage for men.
1908 October 6
Austria-Hungary annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina (which has
been under its administration since 1878). This increases the number of southern Slavs in the
monarchy and gives rise to the political demand for trialism - the division of the Monarchy
into three parts (Austrian/German, Hungarian and southern Slavic) - while the northern Slav
peoples (the Czechs, Slovaks and Poles) strive for the establishment of their own states.
1914 July 28
Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia.
1915 April 26
Signature of the Treaty of London, a secret pact between Italy
and the Triple Entente, according to which Italy, until then an Austro-Hungarian ally, is
promised a large portion of western Slovene territory if it joins the side of Great Britain,
France and Russia in the war.
1915 April 30
Establishment of the Yugoslav Committee in London, a political
organization of Croatian, Serbian and Slovene political emigrants who strive for the formation
of the Yugoslav state.
1915 May 23
Italy declares war on Austria-Hungary.
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1915 May 24
The onset of fighting along a new front stretching from the
Swiss border to the Adriatic. The most important (93-km-long) part from Mt Rombon to the
sea runs across Slovene territory. By 28 October 1917 when the Italians are decisively
defeated at the Battle of Kobarid (Caporetto/Karfreit), the area has witnessed 12 bloody
offensives.
1916 November 21 Franz Joseph I dies after a 68-year reign and is succeeded by his
great- nephew Karl.
1917 May 30 Anton Korošec, head of the Yugoslav Club in the Vienna Parliament,
reads the May Declaration. The petition demands that Austria-Hungary become a triple
monarchy (Slovenes have been in favour of “trialism” since the beginning of the century),
with Yugoslavia being the new united state.
1917 July, 20 The Serbian government and the Yugoslav Committee adopt the Corfu
Declaration envisioning the establishment of Yugoslavia under the Karañorñević dynasty.
1918 January 8 American President Woodrow Wilson issues Fourteen Points,
advocating self-determination and the formation of an association of nations that will ensure
peaceful development in the world.
1918 August 16-17 Ljubljana sees the establishment of the National Council for
Slovenia and Istria, a political organization in charge of the attainment of national self-
determination and co-operation within the formation of independent Yugoslavia (the council
operates until April 30, 1919).
1918 October 29
Mass rally in Ljubljana organized by the National Council for
Slovenia and Istria. The Council declares secession from the disintegrating Austria-Hungary
and inclusion in the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs led by the Yugoslav National Council
in Zagreb (under the presidency of Anton Korošec).
1918 October 31
Establishment of the Slovene National Government comprised
of representatives of all Slovene political parties. Following the incorporation into the
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Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, it becomes a provincial government with limited
power and is abolished when the Yugoslav Constitution is adopted.
1918 November 1
Colonel Rudolf Maister organizes voluntary military forces and
seizes power in Maribor. The National Council for Styria appoints him general. Owing to his
activities, Slovenia (the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes) manages to retain southern
Styria, populated mostly by Slovenes in the countryside and Germans in the towns.
1918 November 3
Truce between the Entente and Austria-Hungary. Italian forces
occupy Trieste, Primorska and Istria.
1918 December 1
In Belgrade, the declaration of the unification of the Kingdom of
Serbia and the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs into the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and
Slovenes (renamed the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929).
1919 January 18
Beginning of the Paris Peace Conference
1920 June 4
Signature of the Treaty of Trianon by the Entente and Hungary.
Prekmurje is ceded to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, having been occupied by
the Yugoslav Army in summer 1919 following the Entente’s approval.
1920 July 13
Italian Fascists burn down the National House in Trieste, the
seat of Slovene organizations. Persecution of Slovenes follows. Mussolini’s rise to power
marks the beginning of forced assimilation.
1920 October 10
A plebiscite in southern Carinthia that was divided into two
zones following several battles and a successful offensive by the Yugoslav army in May and
June 1919. The majority (59%) votes for the inclusion of the Klagenfurt Basin into Austria.
The area is inhabited by a mixed population (69% Slovenes, 31% Germans), which means
that a large portion of the Slovenes (41% according to estimation) must have voted for
Austria.
1920 November 12 Signature of the Treaty of Rapallo by the Kingdom of Serbs,
Croats and Slovenes and Italy, resulting in Venezia Giulia, Istria, Kvarner Gulf, Zadar and its
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