SaqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti biznes-inJineringis fakulteti ekonikuri kvlevis meTodebi

6. sainformacio sistemebis klasifikacia

sainformacio sistemebis klasifikacia SesaZlebelia ramdenime niSnis mixedviT. ganvixiloT ufro xSirad gamoyenebuli klasifikacia.

sainformacio sistemebi masStabis mixedviT Semdeg jgufebad iyofa: erTeuli; jgufuri da korporatiuli.

erTeuli sainformacio sistemebi. erTeuli sainformacio sistemebis realizacia, rogorc wesi, avtonomiuri personaluri kompiuteris saSualebiT xorcieldeba (qseli ar gamoiyeneba). aseTi sistema SeiZleba ramdenime ubralo danarTs Seicavdes, romlebic saerTo informaciuli fondiTaa urTierTdakavSirebuli, da erTi an erT samuSao adgilze momuSave momxmarebelTa jgufis muSaobisaTvisa aris gaTvaliswinebuli. msgavsi danarTebi egreT wodebuli samagido anu lokalur monacemTa bazebis marTvis sistemebis (mbms) meSveobiT iqmneba. lokalur mbms-s Soris yvelaze cnobilia Clarion, Clipper, FoxPro, Paradox, dBase da Microsoft Access.

jgufuri sainformacio sistemebi. jgufuri sainformacio sistemebi samuSao jgufis wevrebis mier informaciis koleqtiur gamoyenebazea orientirebuli da yvelaze xSirad lokaluri gamoTvliTi qselis bazaze iqmneba. aseTi danarTebis damuSavebis dros samuSao jgufebisaTvis monacemTa bazebis serveri (xSirad, SQL-serverebi ewodeba) gamoiyeneba. arsebobs, sakmaod didi raodenobis sxvadasxva rogorc komerciuli, ise Tavisufali tipis SQL-serverebi. maT Soris yvelaze ufro cnobili monacemTa bazebis serverebia Oracle, DB2, Microsoft SQL Server, InterBase, Sybase, Inforqix.

korporatiuli sainformacio sistemebi. korporatiuli sainformacio sistemebi samuSao jgufebisaTvis sistemis ganviTarebas warmoadgens, msxvil kompaniebzea orientirebuli, teritoriulad gabneuli kvanZebisa da qselebis mxardaWera SeuZlia; ZiriTadad ramdenime donisagan Semdgari ierarqiuli struqtura aqvs. aseTi sistemebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia specializebuli serveriT klient-serveruli an mravaldoniani arqiteqtura. aseTi sistemebis damuSavebis dros SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes monacemTa bazebis igive serverebi, romlebic jgufuri sainformacio sistemebis damuSavebis dros gamoiyeneboda. magram, msxvili sainformacio sistemebis damuSavebis dros yvelaze ufro gavrceleba pova Oracle, DB2 da Microsoft SQL Server serverebma. jgufuri da korporatiuli sainformacio sistemebisaTvis gansakuTrebiT didia funqcionirebisa da monacemTa Senaxvis saimedoobis mimarT moTxovnebi. es Tvisebebi uzrunvelyofilia monacemTa bazebis serverebSi monacemTa mTlianobiT, mimarTviTa da tranzaqciiT mxardaWerili.

7. klasifikacia gamoyenebis sferos mixedviT

sainformacio sistemebi gamoyenebis sferos mixedviT, Cveulebriv, oTx jgufad iyofa: tranzaqciis damuSavebis sistemebi; gadawyvetilebis miRebis sistemebi; sainformacio-sacnobaro sistemebi; saofise sainformacio sistemebi.

tranzaqciis damuSavebis sistemebi, Tavis mxriv, monacemTa damuSavebis operatiulobis mixedviT iyofa paketur da operatiul informaciul sistemebad. organizaciuli marTvis sainformacio sistemebSi sWarbobs tranzaqciis operatiuli damuSavebis reJimi - OLTP (OnLine Transaction Processing), drois nebismier momentSi sagnobrivi aris mdgomareobis aqtualuri asaxvisaTvis, xolo tranzaqciis paketur damuSavebas sakmaod SezRuduli nawili uWiravs. OLTP sistemisaTvis sakmaod martivi tranzaqciebis regularuli (SesaZlebelia, intensiuri) nakadia damaxasiaTebeli, romelic SekveTebis, fulis gadaxdis, SekiTxvebis da a. S. rols asrulebs. maTTvis mniSvnelovan moTxovnas warmoadgens: tranzaqciis damuSavebis maRali mwarmoebloba; did manZilze dacilebuli monacemTa bazebisaTvis informaciis telekomunikaciis arxebiT garantirebuli miwodeba.

gadawyvetilebis miRebis sistemebi - DSS (Decision Support System) warmoadgens sxva tipis sainformacio sistemebs, romlebSic, sakmaod rTuli SekiTxvebis bazaze, monacemTa amorCeva da analizi sxvadasxva WrilSi xdeba: droiTi, geografiuli da sxva maCveneblebiT. sainformacio-sacnobaro sistemebis farTo klasis safuZvels hiperteqsturi dokumentebi da multimedia warmoadgens. aseTi tipis sainformacio sistemebma yvelaze didi gavrceleba pova internetis qselSi. saofise sainformacio sistemebis klasis mizania qaRaldze arsebuli dokumentebis eleqtronuli saxiT warmodgena, saqmis warmoebis avtomatizacia da dokumentTa brunvis marTva. SeniSvna. unda aRiniSnos, rom sainformacio sistemebis klasifikacia, gamoyenebis sferos mixedviT, sakmaod pirobiTia. msxvil sainformacio sistemebs xSirad yvela zemoT CamoTvlili Tviseba aqvs. amis garda, xSirad, korporatiuli sainformacio sistemebis Semadgeneli sxvadasxva qvesistema gamoyenebis sxvadasxva sferos miekuTvneba.

sainformacio-sacnobaro sistemebis farTo klasis safuZvels hiperteqsturi dokumentebi da multimedia warmoadgens. aseTi tipis sainformacio sistemebma yvelaze didi gavrceleba pova internetis qselSi.

saofise sainformacio sistemebis klasis mizania qaRaldze arsebuli dokumentebis eleqtronuli saxiT warmodgena, saqmis warmoebis avtomatizacia da dokumentTa brunvis marTva.

8. klasifikacia organizaciis wesis mixedviT

organizaciis wesis mixedviT jgufuri da korporatiuli sainformacio sistemebi Semdegi tipis klasebad iyofa: sistemebi fail-serveris arqiteqturis safuZvelze; sistemebi klient-serveris arqiteqturis safuZvelze; sistemebi mravaldoniani arqiteqturis safuZvelze; sistemebi Internet/Intranet-teqnologiebis safuZvelze.

arqiteqtura fail-serveri. arqiteqtura fail-servers ara aqvs dialog PS da PL komponentebis qseluri gamyofebi da kompiuters gamosaxvis funqciiT iyenebs, rac grafikuli interfeisis agebas amartivebs. fail-serveri monacemebs failidan mxolod iRebs; ase rom, damatebiTi momxmareblebi da danarTebi centralur procesorze mxolod umniSvnelo datvirTvas umateben. yoveli axali klienti qselSi gamoTvliT simZlavres umatebs.

fail-serveruli sistemis Seqmnis tradiciuli saSualeba aris lokaluri mbms, magram aseTi sistemebi, rogorc wesi, monacemTa mTlianobas (kerZod, mxars ar uWers tranzaqcias) ar uzrunvelyofs. amitom, maTi gamoyenebis dros monacemTa mTlianobis uzrunvelyofa klientis programebs ekisreba, rasac klientTa danarTebis garTulebamde mivyavarT. magram es instrumentebi Tavisi gamoyenebis simartiviT, moxerxebulobiT da xelmisawvdomobiT gamoirCeva. amitom, fail-serveruli sainformacio sistemebi, amJamadac, mcire samuSao jgufebisaTvis sakmaod sainteresoa, da ufro metic, xSirad sawarmos sainformacio sistemebis masStabiTac gamoiyeneba.

arqiteqtura klient-serveri, fail-serveruli danarTebis problemebis gadasaWrelad aris gankuTvnili danarTis komponentebis dayofisa da maTi iq ganTavsebis gziT, sadac ufro efeqturad ifunqcionirebs. arqiteqtura klient-serveris Taviseburebebia monacemTa bazis gamoyofili serveris gamoyeneba, romelsac SQL (Structured Query Language) struqturirebuli SekiTxvebis enaze dawerili SekiTxva ”esmis” da informaciis Zebnas, dalagebasa da agrerirebas axorcielebs. monacemTa bazis serveris ganmasxvavebeli niSania im sacnobaro monacemebis arseboba, romelSic monacemTa bazis struqtura, monacemTa mTlianobis SezRudvebi, formatebi da programaSi gamoZaxebiT an xdomilobebiT monacemTa damuSavebis serveruli procedurebic kia Cawerili. aseT danarTebSi damuSavebis obieqtebs, monacemTa damuSavebis dialogisa da logikis garda, upirveles yovlisa, monacemTa relaciuri modeli da monacemTa bazis mimarT tipuri SekiTxvebisaTvis masTan damakavSirebeli SQL-operatorebis nakrebi warmoadgens.

amJamad, klient-serverulma arqiteqturam, rogorc samuSao jgufebisa da korporatiuli donis sainformacio sistemebisaTvis danarTebis organizaciis saSualebam, aRiareba da farTo gavrceleba pova. samuSaos aseTi organizeba, monacemTa bazis serveris SesaZleblobebis gamoyenebis, qselis gantvirTvisa da monacemTa mTlianobis kontrolis uzrunvelyofis safuZvelze, danarTebis Sesrulebis efeqturobas amaRlebs. klient-serveruli arqiteqturis ordonian sqemebs, mravali momxmarebliTa da CaxlarTuli logikiT, rTul sainformacio danarTebSi zogierTi problemis gamowveva SeuZlia. am problemebis gadawyveta mravaldoniani arqiteqturis gamoyenebiTaa SesaZlebeli.

mravaldoniani arqiteqtura. klient-serveruli arqiteqturis ganviTarebis Sedegia da Tavisi klasikuri formiT, sami donisagan Sedgeba:

• 
  qveda done warmoadgens klientis danarTebs, romelic PS da PL komponentebis funqciisa da logikis Sesasruleblad, xolo programuli interfeisi saSualo donis danarTebis gamosaZaxebladaa gamoyofili;
  
• 
  saSualo done danarTis serveria, romelzec sruldeba BL gamoyenebiTi logika da romlidanac DL monacemTa damuSavebis logika DS monacemTa bazasTan operacias iZaxebs;
  
• 
  zeda done monacemTa bazis dacilebuli specializebuli serveria, romelic DS monacemTa damuSavebisa da FS failebze operaciis (Senaxuli procedurebis gamoyenebis riskis gareSe) momsaxurebisaTvisaa gamoyofili.
  

monacemTa damuSavebis msgavsi koncefciis propagandas ewevian Oracle, Sun, Borland da sxva firmebi.

jerjerobiT Internet/Intranet teqnologiebis ganviTarebaSi ZiriTadi aqcenti instrumentuli programuli saSualebebis damuSavebaze keTdeba. amave dros, monacemTa bazebTan momuSave danarTebis dasamuSavebeli ganviTarebuli saSualebani ar arsebobs. monacemTa bazebTan efeqturad momuSave, mosaxerxebeli da gamoyenebaSi martivi sainformacio sistemebis damuSavebis kompromisuli gadawyveta Internet/Intranet teqnologiebisa da mravaldoniani arqiteqturis gaerTianeba gaxda. amasTan, sainformacio danarTis struqtura Semdeg saxes Rebulobs: brauzeri - danarTebis serveri - monacemTa bazis serveri - dinamikuri gverdis serveri - Web-serveri. Internet/Intranet teqnologiebisa da klient-serveruli arqiteqturis integraciis wyalobiT korporatiuli sainformacio sistemebis danergva da Tanmxlebi procesebi, sakmaod maRali efeqturobisa da martivi erToblivad gamosayenebeli informaciis Senaxvis dros, mniSvnelovnad martivdeba.