USDA/ARS (United States
Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Station). 1995.
Pesticide Properties Database: Last Updated May 1995.
http://www.arsusda.gov/ppdb.html.
USDA/FS/FHP (United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Health
Protection). 2000. Pesticide Use Report for 1999.
http://www.fs.fed.us/foresthealth/
pesticide/index.htm.
USDA/SCS (United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service). 1990.
SCS/ARS/CES Pesticide Properties Database: Version 2.0 (Summary). USDA Social
Conservation Service, Syracuse, NY. (Cited in Extoxnet 2000).
USGS (U.S. Geological Survey). 1992. USGS - Pesticide Annual Use Map for Sethoxydim.
http://www.water.usgs.gov/pnsp/use92/sethoxy.html
van Hemmen JJ. 1992. Agricultural pesticide exposure data bases for risk assessment. Rev.
Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 126: 1-85.
Vilkas AG; Kuc WJ. 1981a. 14C-BAS 9052: Bluegill Sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque;
Bioconcentration Study: UCCES Project No. 11507-81. (Unpublished study received Apr 15,
1982 under 7969-58; prepared by Union Carbide Corp.
Environmental Services, submitted by
BASF Wya. MRID No.00100537.
Vilkas AG; Kuc WJ. 1981b. 14C-BAS 9052: Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque),
Bioconcentration Study: UCCES Project No. 11507-82. (Unpublished study received Apr15,
1982 under 7969-58; prepared by Union Carbide Corp. Environmental Services, submitted by
BASF. MRID No.00100538.
Ward T; Boeri RL. 1989a. Static acute toxicity of Poast herbicide to the Sheepshead minnow,
Cyprinodon variegatus. BASF Corporation Document No. 89/5162. MRID No. 41510602.
Ward T; Boeri RL. 1989b. Static acute toxicity of
Poast herbicide to the Mysid,
Mysidopsis
bahia. BASF Corporation Document No. 89/5164. MRID No. 41510604.
Ward T; Boeri RL. 1992a. Static acute toxicity of sethoxydim to Sheepshead minnow,
Cypronidon variegatus. BASF Corporation Document No. 92/5039. MRID No. 42315101.
Ward T; Boeri RL. 1992b. Static acute toxicity of sethoxydim to Mysid,
Mysidopsis bahia.
BASF Corporation Document No. 92/5040. MRID No. 42315102.
Winegardner DL. 1996. An Introduction to Soils for Environmental Professionals. CRC Press,
Boca Raton, Florida. 270 pp.
5-9
WSSA (Weed Science Society of America). 1980. Herbicide Handbook. 6
th
Editon. Weed
Science Society of America, Champaign, IL. (Cited in Extoxnet 2000).
WSSA (Weed Science Society of America). 1989. Herbicide
Handbook of the Weed Science
Society of America. Sixth edition. Champaign, IL: Weed Science Society of America.
Yamano T; Morita S 1995. Effects of pesticides on isolated rat hepatocytes, mitochondria, and
microsomes II. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 28 (1):1-7.
Yates WE; Akesson NB; Bayer DE. 1978. Drift of glyphosate sprays applied with aerial and
ground equipment. Weed Science. 26(6): 597-606.
5-10
Appendix 1: Toxicity of Sethoxydim (NP-55) and Poast to experimental mammals [94-99% a.i. unless
otherwise specified].
Animal
Dose/Exposure
Response
Reference
ORAL -acute
Rats, Fischer 344,
single
gavage dose of
LD
50
= 3500 mg/kg (95% cl 3125-3920 mg/kg)
Bio-Medical
6 weeks old, males
0, 2182, 2836, 3687,
(males)
Research
(avg wgt 108.6 g)
4793, 6231, or 8100
LD
50
= 3200 mg/kg (95% cl 2857-3584 mg/kg)
Laboratories
and females (avg
mg/kg NP-55
(females)
Co, Ltd
wgt 90.2 g),
suspended in 0.5 %
1980
10/sex/dose group
solution of CMC in
Mortality observed at 2836 mg/kg; all animals
EPA/OTS
distilled water w/0.2%
died at >4793 mg/kg.
88-9200030
Tween 80; 14-day
22
observation period.
Reportable effects included tremors and
convulsions in non-moribund rats, incontinence
at 24-72 hours, and dose related depression.
Additional notes on Bio-Medical Research Laboratories Co, Ltd 1980: Study includes acute oral,
intravenous, subcutaneous, and dermal toxicity data in rats. Several detailed data tables provided.
Rats, SD-SLC, 6
Single gavage dose of
LD
50
= 3125 mg/kg (95% cl 2957-3341 mg/kg)
Bio-Medical
weeks old, males
2083, 2500, 2739, 300,
(males)
Research
(avg bw 106 g)
3286, or 3600 mg/kg
LD
50
= 2676 mg/kg (95% cl 2391-2919 mg/kg)
Laboratories
and females (avg
NP-55 in males
(females)
Co, Ltd
bw 133g),
1980
10/sex/dose group.
Single gavage dose of
Dose-dependent signs of neurotoxicity included
EPA/OTS
2200, 2569, 3000,
tremor, ataxia, and sedation.
88-9200030
Used 94-99% a.i.
3503, 4091, or 4777
22
mg/kg NP-55 in
Gross pathological
findings included some dark
females
reddish lungs and hemorrhages on the mucosa
Also cited
of the stomach; no abnormal changes were
in Bryce
14-day observation
observed in rats that survived until termination
land et al.
period.
of the study.
1997
Additional notes on Bio-Medical Research Laboratories Co, Ltd 1980: This acute
toxicity study in rats is
appended to the other acute toxicity studies in rats performed at this laboratory.
Rats,
single gavage dose of
LD
50
=
.
5000 mg Poast/kg (males)
Bio-Medical
Sprague-Dawley,
21.5, 46.4, 100, 215,
LD
50
=
.
4390 mg Poast/kg (females)
Research
males and females,
1000, 3160, 3830,
LD
50
=
.
4920 mg Poast/kg (males and females)
Laboratories
5/sex/dose group
4640, 5000, 6810
[900, 790, and 855.6 mg/kg as a.i.]
Co Ltd.
mg/kg BAS 9052 OH
Possible signs of neurotoxicity included
1979
(
Poast
, 18% a.i.);
staggering and spastic gait; however, effects
EPA/OTS
14-day observation
could be transient. Report does not indicate
88-9200030
period
how long the effects
persisted or the number of
89
animals affected.
Additional notes on Bio-Medical Research Laboratories Co Ltd. 1979: This study appears to be cited by
Bryceland et al. 1997 as MRID 46326.
Appendix 1 - 1