Stry of higher and secondary specialized education of the republic of uzbekistan termez state university

3.2. Semantic characteristics and classification of construction terms in the Uzbek language
As V.P. Danilenko notes, "the semantic method was one of the first word-formation methods for creating terminological names ... and plays your role as a constant and inevitable source of replenishment of terminological vocabulary." This idea fully applies to the Uzbek construction terminology. A feature of the semantic method of formation is that in this case a new meaning appears in the language of previously used words, i.e. the language is enriched not from the quantitative, but from the semantic side. Linguists positively evaluate this way of forming words. For example, according to R.A. Budagov "the vocabulary of the language is increasing not only and not so much quantitatively as qualitatively: new meanings of old words appear, the relationships between their old and new meanings are rethought. A quantitative increase in the vocabulary is important in itself, but not supported by its qualitative transformations, would lead to loss of continuity in the semantic development of the language".

The facts collected by us show that in the Uzbek building terminological system there are a number of terms that are formed in a semantic way. They most often denote the names of tools, building materials, construction processes, parts of buildings, etc. For example: poytesha "a carpenter's ax, planted with a blade across a long ax handle and used for hewing logs when working while standing", poydevor "base, base", "foundation", poygoh "a place in a room at the parish at the door", xonaqox; "inner part of the mosque, chapel", chok "seam", "gap", t.ur.um / from the word turmo^/ "heel, thrust pad", kuzagi (from the word kuza – jug) "lower part of the columns", zanjira (from the word zanjir - chain) "kind of ornament", etc.

Our research has established that, both in other languages and in Uzbek, some of the building terms are formed by metaphorical rethinking of lexical units that were part of other tiers of the language's vocabulary. This is understandable, because not only in construction terminology, but also in other terminological systems, many terms are formed by transferring meanings due to the similarity of objects in shape, color, function, etc.

As A.A. Reformatsky notes, with the metaphorical transfer of meaning, the thing changes, but the concept does not completely change: with all metaphorical changes, some sign of the original concept remains.

From this point of view, let's take the word jo`yak. In the lexicon of Uzbek farmers, it has the following meaning: a groove on the surface of the soil, made by a soil-loosening tool, or a plow, i.e. furrow. In the lexicon of builders, the word jo`yak means: a groove that serves to locate pipelines, electrical cables and other auxiliary items. As you can see, this term in construction terminology is formed by the similarity of the form.

In the same way, i.e. through metaphorization, words denoting processes can also pass into the category of building terms. For example, the word chukmon; in general literary language it means: to sit down, sit down on your knees. Some buildings, because of the fragile construction or because of the instability of the area, may give precipitation. This process in construction terminology is called the word Chukms. We have established that the terms of construction through metaphorization become different layers of the vocabulary of the Uzbek language.

So, the following groups of words can denote building concepts.

Names of plants and their parts. It should be noted that this group of words becomes a wealth of many terminological systems. For humanity has been associated with the plant world from time immemorial. Therefore, when creating something, it often likened it to a plant or its parts. There are also many terms in construction terminology, which are based on the names of plants and their parts. They are especially often found in the lexicon of decorators or finishers (decorating buildings, wood carvers, as well as architects, architects), for example: Lola (the main meaning is "tulip").

The names of the organs of the human or animal body. In our object of study, there are several terms that are formed by transferring the meaning of the name of the organs of the human or animal body. Tirnoq (the main meaning is "nail, nails") Akbaralini bazan kechalari ham chaqirib qolishsa, yo`q demay, brezent shimini kiyib, shaldir-shuldur zanjirli temir tirnoqlarini yelkasiga ilib chiqib ketardi [A. Mukhtor. "Chinor"].

Names of places or peoples. In many terminological systems, especially in medicine, biology, etc., terms are used that are formed from the names of localities or people. This process was not bypassed by construction terminology. To confirm what has been said, let's give a few examples: Poliakcha (the main meaning is "in Polish"): Aralash qatorlardan iborat bo`lgan Polyakcha terimda bo`ylama va ko`ndalang qatorlar. The word Polyakcha is used in the meaning of "one of the ways of laying bricks." Gollandcha (the main meaning is "in Dutch"): Ko`ndalang qatorlar bilan bo`ylama qatorlar galma-gal keladigan aralash qatorlar ko`ndalang qatorlar bilan almashinadigan Gollandcha terim ҳam ishlatiladi [Ibid].

Names of the animal world. It should be noted that this layer of the vocabulary of the Uzbek language can also become one of the sources of enrichment of construction terminology through metaphorization. These are, for example: qanot (the main meaning is "wing, wings"). Binoning qanoti eshik oldi baland ayvon [A.Dashshor. Yangiyer].

The names denoting various processes, facts of the Uzbek language, in particular its terminological systems, show that at the present stage there is a rapid process of "exchange of terms" between the terminologies of those lexical units that denote an action. This can be convincingly proved by the example of construction terminology. So, the word teril in the common language has the meaning "collection, cleaning." And in construction terminology it means "masonry". For example: To`rt kishi to`rt tomonning devoriga shapillatib g`isht tera boshladi [P. Kodirov, "Olmos Kamar"].

As can be seen from the above examples, in the object of our study, the method of term formation by the semantic method is not very active. Despite this, some part of the construction terms is supplemented by this particular method of education.