environmental changes, and most
importantly, are the creation of structures to calculate
the anthropogenic factors in the background of natural processes.
Contamination by sea transport
At the same time, exploitation of offshore oil fields and transportation of oil products,
and sea transport also pollute the Caspian waters.
Samples taken from offshore bottoms have been identified as oil products, phenols, and
mercury in some regions. The most polluted bay of Baku, where
pollution of the
groundwater sediments leads to the reduction of organisms and benthos and in some
cases, dip fauna. The pollution of seawater has caused great tension in the ecological
conditions of the Caspian Sea and has created an ecological crisis in some coastal areas.
The ecological conditions of the sea also had a negative impact on the creation of a
number of water reservoirs in the Volga and Kura basins. This led to a sharp decrease in
the amount of water, and on the other hand deprived a number of precious species of
traditional caviar.
Pollution caused by oil and gas extraction.
The most polluted areas in the sea are at the same time environmental crisis areas. Such
areas include Aktau, Baku, Sumgayit, Makhachkala, Turkmenbashi, and offshore oilfields.
When discussing the
pollution of the Caspian Sea, the following features should be taken
into account: Firstly, uneven distribution of wastewater leads to serious pollution of
separate seas. Secondly, the coastal pollution is carried from one zone to another and
polluted. Taking into consideration that the waste is accumulated on the top of the water
- when it comes to the "water-atmospheric" zone, it is necessary to note that more
polluted areas of the sea have been polluted.
The most dangerous contamination for the Caspian Sea is pollution with hazardous
chemicals. These include oil hydrocarbons, hydrocarbons, carbohydrates, chlorine organic
compounds, and heavy metals. Oil hydrocarbons play a major role in sea pollution. The
conversation is about the sea oil industry and subsea oil pipes covering
the Absheron
peninsula and half of Manchislau. Although the appearance of oil spills in the sea at times
was considered as a science and technique, some scholars have given full coverage to the
possibility that it will cause harmful consequences in the near future.
Compared to the eastern and western parts of the sea, the level of contamination in the
north is relatively small. The role of Volga and other river-water reservoirs in the
protection of the Caspian lake environment, especially in the wastes, is great. At the
same time, the sediments of the Caspian Sea and its physical, chemical
and biological
treatment processes are also important. In the middle and southern regions, the
temperature (normality) increases the speed of chemical reactions in the water, and
ultimately, the sea water is self-sufficient.
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Anthropogenic pollution in the coastal strip of the Caspian Sea
One of the other reasons for the oil pollution of the Caspian Sea comes from poor
hydrocarbon control in existing streams (natural streams, municipal streets, etc.). As a
result of the unmanaged waste management at the enterprises or facilities operating
near these streams or coastal areas, the Caspian Sea is affected by anthropogenic impact
and, therefore, leads to the destruction of living organisms in the water environment.
Results
Among the Caspian Sea problems contamination of the sea water and related
deterioration of environmental condition is the main issue of the latest period
alongside
the sea level oscillations. The rich natural resources of the sea and its therapeutic
significance caused many people inhabit around the sea. The basic pollution sources of
the Caspian Sea are the slops of the cities and industrial objects situated in its basin,
coasts, and water areas, as well as various contaminants discharging from maritime
transportation and oilfields. Currently 15 ml people live in
Caspian coastal zones, whose
life activity is directly connected with the sea (mostly fishery).
The Caspian Sea which is the most fecund water basin of the world is considered the
unique sea for containing great numbers of sturgeon (roughly 95%). As it is known,
sturgeon produces black caviar that is considered very valuable product in the world
market. Therefore genetic pool of these fish in the Caspian Sea is strictly preserved. It
must be mentioned that the main exporter of black caviar is due to inhabitants of this
lake on Earth. But riches of the Caspian Sea do not deplete with this. Caspian Sea is also
one of the largest hydrocarbon raw centers for oil-gas reserve potential. Caspian
Sea is
mostly studied like other endorheic basins for its ecological characteristics.
The problem of changing the level of Caspian sea.
The change in the level of the Caspian Sea has always caused socio-economic and
environmental problems in the coastal zone. For example, in the event of a decline, all
hydropower facilities, including ports, need to be rebuilt.
The area of the shelf zone
where the fauna of the Caspian fauna is settled and the area decreases, hindering the
passage of fish to the river to spawn.
Discussion
The hydrometeorological regime of this zone also has negative changes. In the event of a
rise in the level of socio-economic life of the coastal zone, there is a great deal of
damage, environmental degradation, swamps, homes and lands remain under water. For
example, in the coastal zone of Azerbaijan in the 1978-1995 level 2.5m above sea level
"ecological refugees" The damage caused directly to Azerbaijan is $ 2 billion. For
example, many settlements and farms located in the southern part of our country 10-15
years ago faced that catastrophic disaster, causing serious damage to the population and
the state.
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