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ORTAÇAĞ TÜRK BOYLARI TÜRK FİLOLOJİSİ UZMANI, AKADEMİSYEN V.
MINORSKI’NİN TANITIMINDA
(TURKIC TRIBES IN THE MIDDLE AGES IN RESEARCH OF SCHOLAR
EXPERTISE IN TURKIC PHILOLOGY V. MINORSKY)
Saida HAMZABAYOVA
ÖZƏT
Görkəmli şərqşünas-alim Vladimir Fyodoroviç Minorskiyə görə (1877-
1966), səlcuqlar özlərindən əvvəl qərbə doğru hərəkət etmişoğuzlardan fərqlənirdi.
O, yazır ki, Mavərənnəhrdə böyük qüvvəyə çevrilmiş oğuz (türkman) tayfaları XI
əsrin başlanğıcında geniş ərazilər ələ keçirdilər. Bununla da o, türkman dedikdə
məhz oğuzların başa düşüldüyünə işarə edir. Azərbaycanda Qaraqoyunlu və
Ağqoyunlu tayfa birliyinin əsasını təşkil edən tayfalar da türkman adlanırdı.
Sonralar Ağqoyunlu türkman tayfalarının bir çoxu Səfəvilər dövlətinin ordusunda
xidmət etməyə başladı. Bu zaman ordunun əsasını təşkil edən qızılbaş tayfaları da
turkman adlanırdı. Bəzən bu terminlə qızılbaş termini sinonim təşkil edirdi.
V.F.Minorski, türkman tayfalarından olan əmirlərin (şamlı, ustaclı, türkmən, rumlu,
zülqədər, əfşar, qacar, təkəli) Səfəvilər dövründə birinci dərəcəli roluna diqqət
yönəldir. O, xüsusi olaraq qeyd edir ki, Səfəvilər Qaraqoyunlu və Ağqoyunlu
türkman sülalələrinin davamçısı idi. Bununla belə nəzərə almaq lazımdır ki,
çoxsaylı türk miqrasiyaları XI əsrdən sonra da baş vermiş və bütün ağır siyasi
təlatümlərə baxmayaraq, bu miqrasiyalar türk xalqlarının tarixi torpaqlarından
uzaqda, başında türk hökmdarlarının durduğu bir sıra yeni dövlətlərin yaranmasına
gətirib çıxardı. “Oğuz türkləri XI əsrdə Ön Asiyada peyda olmuş, Səlcuq sülaləsinin
himayəsi ilə İran ərazisindən Zaqafqaziyaya, Anadoluya və Suriyaya yayılmışlar”.
V.Minorskinin fikrincə, Osmanlı dövlətinin baniləri bir növ əvvəlki xalqların mədəni
ənənələrini davam etdirmiş, lakin bunula belə, nə dini, nə də etnik baxımdan
onların varisləri olmamışlar. Eyni zamanda Qaraqoyunlu və Ağqoyunlu türk tayfa
birlikləri əvvəlki tarixi dövrlərdə - XIII əsrdən XV əsrin əvvəllərinədək türk etnik
komponentinin üstünlük təşkil etdiyi ərazidə öz dövlətlərinin əsasını qoymuşlar.
INTRODUCTION
Vladimir Fedorovich Minorky (1877-1966), outstanding British scholar of
Persian history, historical geography, literature and culture, who worked on a very
broad canvas, with contributions of substantial value in the related fields of Turkish,
Mongol, Caucasian and Byzantine studies in the broad sense. Backed by
formidable linguistic expertise in both European and Islamic languages, Minorsky’s
interests enabled him to range across Eastern Europe to Inner Asia. The professor
of the London university, V.F.Minorsky had other academic titles received include
that of Corresponding Fellow of the British Academy (1943), Honorary Member of
theSociete Asiatique of Paris (1946), and Doctor honoris causa of the University of
Brussels (1948)
1
. It was service in the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in
Persia, Central Asia and Turkey which stimulated Minorsky’s lifelong interest in the
Milli Azerbaycan Tarih Müzesi, Baku.
1
Bibliography of the publications of professor V. Minorsky // BSOAS, vol. XIV, pp. 669–681,
1952
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history and historical geography of the Islamic world, and in particular, of the Irano-
Turkish parts of it. His work as a diplomatist, including a tour of duty in 1914 as a
member of the commission delimiting the Turco-Persian frontier, gave him a
valuable practical experience of the problems of moving through a highly broken
and mountainous region, from which so many conquering armies and nomadic
hordes have debouched to the plains of the Fertile Crescent; it further excited his
interest in people who have not been over-noticed by Orientalists and others
2
. The
topographical and linguistic knowledge gained from this and other travels
throughout the Middle East went into a vast storehouse of information which he
was able to draw upon later life when he had embarked on the calmer waters of
the scholar’s life. Thus his article on ‘The Turkish dialect of the Khalaj’, which was
published in 1940 and which connected the remnants of Turkish-speaking people
now living in northwestern Persia with a Turkish tribe known to have been
nomadizing in eastern Afganistan over a thousand years before, was based on
field material gathered as far back as 1906 and 1917 carefully conserved for use at
an appropriate moment. V.F. Minorsky's interest to Turkic philology was huge. To
his linguistic works in this area, distinguished by novelty and the importance, first of
all it is necessary to attribute this work on “The Turkish dialect of the Khalaj”.
3
Thus, the dialect and language of the khalaj’s, for the first time was published
and described by V.F.Minorsky, it represents significant interest for specialist in
Turkic philology -linguist as one of oguz dialects, kept in the phonetic,
morphological and lexical structure traces of rather ancient condition. The
beginning of investigation of the khalaj’s dialect, was put by V.F.Minorsky and
later this research was continued by German specialist in Turkic philology G.
Derfer. V. F. Minorsky's works on khalaj’s language - to one of the most
interesting oguz dialects - have interested many foreign specialists in Turkic
philology. In a modern historiography the special urgency is represented with a
problem of studying tribes and Seljuks clans. In this sense the works of Russian
well-known Orientalist V. F.Minorsky are especially interesting. His investigation
and research of history, culture and geography brought a great contribution in
studying of Turkish, Mongolian, Caucasian history and other historical investigation
prove that in his works for designation of Turkic speaking people of
Transcaucasia, Near East and Central Asia in the middle ages he uses the term
of “chagatay”, “osmanly” and “Turkmen”. V.Minorsky also investigated the Inallu
tribes which is a tribe of Ḡozz Turkic origin inhabiting Azerbaijan, central Iran and
Fārs. The name of this tribe, Minorsky believed, was derived from the Turkic
title īnāl, or yenāl. He suggested that the original Aynallūs might have constituted
the family and retinue of Ebrāhīm Yenāl, the half-brother of the Saljuq ruler Ṭoḡrel.
When the tribe was later incorporated into the Shiʿite Šāhsevan tribal confederacy,
its name was changed to Īmānlū, “Those of the faith,” and Īnānlū, from the Turkish
verb īnān “to believe.” As for the subsequent evolution of the name into Aynallū,
Minorsky maintained it was probably influenced by the sobriquet of the Austrian
Wrendl rifle, āʾīnalū
4
.In any case, the tribe was already known as Aynallū in the
2
E.Bosworth, ed., Iran and Islam: In Memory of the Late Vladimir Minorsky, Edinburgh,
1971, pp. v-ix.
3
V.F.Minorsky. The Turkish dialect of the Khalaj, BSOS, X/2, pp. 417-437
4
Minorsky V.F., “Äḭnallu/Inallu,” in Rozc Orientalistyczny, Krakow, XVII/1-2, pp.1-11.