Yusifov E. F., Hacıyev V. C
Yüklə 2,82 Kb. Pdf görüntüsü
|
120 The iron tree (Parrotia persica) is not growing in the middle mountain zone, it is substituted by Beech (Fagus orientalis) on the northern slopes and on the south by chestnut-leaved oak (Quercus castaneifolia). Oak becomes pre- vailing on this altitude. The true broad-leaved Hyrcan forest is devel- oped here. Fagus orientalis, Taxus baccata, Carpinus betulus, Zeel- kova carpinifolia are widespread besides of oak in such type forests, grassy plants on the 3-rd circle of forest: Carex, Mentha, Brachypo- dium, Orobus, Solanum, Festuca, Bromus are meet. Liana-likes (twining) are absent here in this type forest. The for- est in middle zone as compare with lower zone is not thick, it is clear, lianas does not strangle of trees, so it is pleasant to walk there. The forest species are well developed and their heights reach 20-25 m, sometimes 30m. Forest is very light. Due to normal diameter of trees, the conditions are favorable for growth of grassy vegetation in lower ground and grain plants formed lawn-type meadows. The vegetation of this zone should be very im- portant for tourist. Beech (Fagus orientalis) prevail and is forming a Hyrcan forest, at the same time the under – forest plants put together a macority. Hedera pastuchowi creates a liana-type environment by creeping on large trees. The representives of under-growth plants Ilex, Danae, Mespilus, Grataegus are encountered. Sorbus torminalis, Pinus sp., Cynodia oblonga, Pyrus, Roza, Rubus and 1-2 sorts of bushy plants are growing on these slopes. The grassy herbage are abundant here. Taxus baccata-an evergreen conifer is widespread in Caucasian forests. This species being widespread in mixed Hyrcan forest, is forming alone dark forests near of Siyov village. Grossgeym in 1926 described Carpinus schuschacnsis and Lonireca iberica types, 45 species were revealed by me in 1979 year. Grossheym A.A. ex- plained this forest state as a re-establishment. It seems that forest around Siyov village was cut down in the past. The restored plants were xerophytes that is manifested at present. The relief becomes severe, a rocks increase, the forest is normally developing during rising from sea line to altitude. The changes are perceptible only in landscape. The forest is growing in the form of spots due to pure and stony soil cover as compare with low zones. The combined, many-component forest are formed by Quercus macranthera on the first place and Carpinus orientalis on the second place. 3 kinds of 121 maple wood ( Acer laetum, Acer velutinum, Acer campestre, Carpinus canca, Quercus costaneifolia, Fraxi excelsior, Ilex hyrcana, Mespilus germanica, 3 kind Grateugus, and some types of Evonymus latifolius, Pyrus, Rubus and Lonicera are encountered. The creeping are not growing and grassy plants is growing in excessive amount. For ex- ample: grains – Poa nemoralis, Dactylis glomerata, Poa pratensis, Brachypodium silvaticum, Agrostis tenuis, 1-2 species from herbs are growing - Dryopteris filix mas, Sanicula europaea, Campanula rapun- culoides, Digitalis nervosa, Geum urbanum, Fragaria vesca, Orobus, Stachys, Carex, Primula, Stellaria, Calamintha, Silene, Asplenium, Luzula, Cantaurea, Lilium, Melica, Trifolium, Briza, Bromus. The grassy types growing at this area compose 55 as it was shown by me in collaboration with me assistants (1979). Trifolium is represented by 5 species. The distribution degree is dependent from anumber of edificators and composition and location of forest. An endemics Paeonia mlokosewitschii and Lilium ledebourii are wide- spread in such type forest. At the places where a forest trees growth is delayed, a perennial grassy vegetation in combination with bushy thicket are formed a specific thicket on the upper zones. The preservation of forest is not observed in this thicket. In spite of the seeds of forest trees are get to the thicket however a ground does not create favorable conditions for greening, that is why the restoration is not marked. The forest is substituted by creeping on ground or phrygana-type mountain xero- phyte shrubs and pereenial herbs. Phrygana or mountain-xerophyte vegetation These vegetation types are mostly encountered on the places with stern and complex relief and covered by steep mountains. The mountain-xerophyte and phrygana vegetation are formed in different composition in the all zones of area, mainly on the south and south- eastern slopes. According to A.A. Grossheym (1948) these vegeta- tion should be regarded as remains of Tertiary period. Prilypko L.I. hade found that this type vegetation is growing mainly on the slopes chalky content in the Hyrcan altitude, in the open mountain envi- ronment. Therophytae are flowering in the early spring, especially bulbous and tuberyform (Gagea, Ophrus, Crocus, Orchis, Allium, Col- chicum, Puschkinea, Muscare, Merendera, Ornitogalum etc.). The 122 slopes become multicoloured by diferrent flowers (yellow, red, white etc.) in the spring season. The flowering plants substitute with each other under substitution of the spring spectra with summer spec- trum. Allium and Iris species turn the verdure into flower garden. Frigana-type slopes 4-5 types of iris ( Iris zuvandicus, I.hyrcana, I. Medwedewi and I.lionelata) are encountered here. From 44 wild kinds of Allium there are only 17-18 species in the dry mountain slopes, 5 out of them are endemics (Allium viride Grossg., A. dictyo- prasum C.A.M., A. transcaucasicum Grossh. A. synthamanthum c. Koch. , A. lenkoranicum Misch.), 2 types of endemic Gagea (Gagea alexeenkoana Misch and G. caroli-kochi Grossh.) are growing in this area. Decorative pereenial xerophyte bushes and herbs – Acontholimon, Hedysarum, Stachys, Salvia, Dianthus, Roza are considered to be a main components of these vegetation. Mountain xerophyte and phrygana type vegetation cover are de- veloped in 2 formations: Tragacanth and Acantolimon. Both forma- tion having the same floristic composition, are similar from ecological point of view. They differs only by soil content. The trakakant soil is a chalk nature and is composed by small stone and pure soil cover. Acantolimon growing soil has an humus layer, in spite of similar flo- ristic composition the number of Acantolimon species is somewhat greater. The first edificatory of Tragacanthe are Astragalus aureus, A.lagurus, A.picnophulus, A. strictiformis and sainfoin- Onobrychis cor- nuta. Stipa szowitsiana from pereenial grains being formaiting a steppe, lawn and stepped lawnhas a procect cover equal to 40-60%. The floris- tic composition is 67-70 species. Stipa szowitsi, Festuca sulcata, Bromus tectorum, B. squarosa, from laticeferous-Euphorbia marchalliana, Cousi- nia (3species), Nepeta, Latuca, Teucrium, Scutellaria, Cirsium, Phlomis, Ziziphora, Verbascum, Gypsophylla and 1,2,3 species of other genus are widespreaded. Approximately 82 species have been registrated in this cenosis. The species accumulating tussock –2 species from Acantolimon hohenackeri and A. Sp. Prevailing formation has a procect cover equal to 68-80% with rich flora. Cousiniya (3 species) Cirsium (2species), Achillea (2 species), Plantagone (2 species), the grains accumulating tassock – Festuca sulcata, Stipa (2 species), Poa pratensis, Phleum phleoides, Astragalus aureus and Cuniperus oblonga in all 97 species are registrated here. It should be noted that the mountain –xerophyte vegetation is similar with near Nakhchivan and Iran mountain-xerophyte Yüklə 2,82 Kb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
|