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of a board the arms of the Baku guberniya was. Two gold colors of
an anchor fastened by ribbons here also.
The state of Biotic Resources
Hyrcan Biosphere reservation occupies the territory of 3 adminis-
trative districts in the south of Republic and its area is 195-200 km
2
,
96.8% of which are mountains, gorges and cracks. Starting from sea
coast, i.e. at the point where the litoral environment meets with
high-mountains extended in horizontal line; the flora richness of this
area including multicolor vegetation cover are confirming its physi-
cal-geographycal and natural historical conditions anciency and di-
versity. Vegetation of region differs from vegetation of other nei-
bouring regions of Republic.
The area reserves up to date its dendrological and relict biodiver-
sity as the glacial era after Tertiary period had no impact on the in-
herited ancient remnants. Intentional and sometimes unintentional
disafforestation took place during economic collapse period. And only
the interest of European scientists in XIX –XX centuries especially at
the turn of XX century to this area assisted in termination of disaf-
forestation. Inflow of European scientists to the area in 1800-1900
period and discovery of hundreds new plants verify cancellation of
disafforestation.
The list of scientists shown at the end of this article confirms the
great interest of Europe and West countries’ scientists to this area
and they numerous scientific articles related to cover-vegetation of
Talish flora have been published.
These outstanding and rich types of vegetation are registered in
the World “Red Book” and many of them are planted in the world
Botanical gardens and are reserved in the form of collection in Na-
tional Parks and gardens.
Iron trees
(Parrotia persica), Lenkoran acacia (Albizia culibrissin),
and chestnut – leaved oak
(Quercus castanefolia), zelkova (Zelkova
hyrcana), Caucasian date (Diospyros lotus), butcher’s room (Ruscus
hyrcana), danaya (Danaya racemosa), box-tree (Buxus hyrcana) and
other plans are referred to the Tertiary period relicts.
The area is representative by rich perennial grass species. Thus,
the contemporary area displays ancient forest, boreal, steepe, xero-
118
phyte and adventive real types of neighboring area can be met in
the Biosphere Reservation to be created.
Numerous lakes, pools, ponds and swamps have their own specif-
ic flora and multiple-color vegetation-cover. Reed
(Phragmites aus-
tralis) is frequently encountered in the thicket of the area. Two ge-
nus
Cynanchum acutum L. and Periploca graeca of Asclepiadaceae
family are growing along the rivers and the cereals of
Alopecurus
myosuroides Huds., are solely or together creating cenosis. Several
types
(Typha angustata and T.angustifolia L) of reed mace (Typha)
are creating thickets in the swamp or wet areas. High savannah type
plume-grass (Eriatnthus purpurascens) is encountered here and
dog’s tooth grass
(Cynodon dactylon) including scirpus (Bolboschoe-
nus matitumus) are encountered in depressions of the area. Scirpus
thicket structurally reminds the giant reed thicket.
Pond-weed
(Potamogeton pectinoides L., P. lucens L.,), Myrio-
phyllum spicatum, water chestnut (Trapa hyrcana), duckweed (Lem-
na minor L.) and other types dominating in the area are creating
swampy formation at the floor of moutaneous areas.
Yellow iris
(Iris psendacorus L.), bur-reed (Sparganium erectum
L), swamp weed (Scoenoplectus lacustus Polla) and spike-rush
(Eleocharis palustris Ledeb) are creating specific formation along
railway areas.
Few types of buttercup
(Ranunculus sceleratus L, R.hyrcanus
Grossh, Caucasus endemic, R.bulbosus L., R.arvensis L), bushiya
(Bushea laterifolia ovez), lippa (Lippa nodifora Michk), mint (Mentha
aquatica L), knotweed (Polygonum minus L), (Alisma plantago) and
similar to other short multiple-color perennial grasses distribution is
highly specific for the drying marshlands. Marshland vegetation can
be encountered on of middle-and high- mountains’ slopes.
Taxonomic biodiversity of flora
Botanical expeditions to Talysh regions during last 50 years and
numerous herbariums collected by world botanists over 19-20 cen-
tury, written by scientists cited in the list of literature especially “Flo-
ra of Azerbaican “in 8 –volumes, Caucasian flora “ in 7 volumes and
“Flora i rastitelğnostğ Talışa” (1979), published in collaboration with
assistants give me possibility to generalize an extensive information
119
concerning the flora and vegetation cover biodiversity of Hyrcan res-
ervation. 481 high spore and higher plants are growing on the terri-
tory of Hyrcan reservation to be created (see Table 1).
TABLE 1
Types
Family
Genus
Sort
Sporaceae
9
13
15
Gymnospermae
2
2
3
Angiospermae
65
255
463
Including monoecious
22
60
81
Dioecious
43
180
480
Forest vegetation cover
Hyrcan biosphere reservation as it was above mentioned includes
Lenkoran, Lerik, and Astara administrative districts of Republic. The
territory of reservation stretch from sea coast up to lower mountain
zone (Burovar mountain ridge), Middle mountain zone (Peshtasar
mountain ridge) and high mountain zone (Talysh mountain ridge).
In the first part (lower mountain zone) the outskirts of cities, vil-
lages, gardens, fields (plantations of tea and citric plants, vegetables
and grains, kitchen-garden) are included.
2. Middle mountain zone is also covered by villages, forest glades,
citric gardens, pasture lands and natural mixed Hyrcan forests.
3.The high mountain zone is covered by Hyrcan forest. The hay-
making and pasture have been formed
The combined forests of Hyrcan origin, especially iron tree
(Parro-
tia persica, Quercus castanifolia, Carpinus macrocarpa C. orientalis,
Zelkova carpinifolia) are encounted in each 3 zones. Alnus barbata in
the swampy places, grassy plants
Carex remota, Cardamine tenera,
Lycopus europaeus and tens other grassy plants are considered to
be constant plants in these forests.
Ficus carica, Pinuca granatum,
Buxus sempervirens, Ruscus hyrcana, Grataegus monoguna, and
grass plants
Rumex, Sambucus, Poa, Primula, Viola, Solanum, Op-
lismenus, Carex, Allum, Sedum, Crocus and a lot of spesies from
other genus are encountered.
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