597
gayides da patara bavSvi tunisSi moxvda. iq Wkviani bavSvi sulTnis
Svils daumegobrda, miiRo ganaTleba safrangeTis samxedro akademiaSi
da ori qveynis didi veziri gaxda!
cezairli gazin hasan faSa an alJiris hasan faSa Cezayirli Gazi Hasan
Pasha iyo didi veziri 1790 w. misi saxeli cezairli Cezayirli niSnavs
alJirels, radgan is erTxans iyo alJiris sanapiroze mekobre da Semdeg
didi admirali 177090 ww. cnobilia, rom is moiyvanes, rogorc mona
saqarTvelodan, fSavidan. 17871792 wwis ruseTTurqeTis omSi hasan
faSa meTaurobda TurqeTis jars, romelic rusebma alyaSi moaqcies
oCakovSi. is yvelgan Tavis lomTan erTad Cndeboda, romelic afrikaSi
yofnisas moaTviniera.
hursid (kurSid) ahmed faSa Hurşid (Khurshid) Ahmed Pasha, osmali
generali da didi veziri 18125 ww, warmoSobiT qarTveli. is daibada
qristiani mRvdelis ojaxSi saqarTveloSi. miiRo islami yrmobis
periodSi da ianiCrebis samsaxurSi Cairicxa. iq man moipova sulTan
muhamed IIis simpaTia da daikava ramdenime maRali Tanamdeboba.
napoleonis egviptedan evakuciis Semdeg, 1801 wels Turqebma is
daniSnes aleqsandriis merad, xolo 1804 wels gamocxadda egviptis
mmarTvelad muhamed alis (mamluqTa mkvleli) nacvlad. britaneTis
diplomatiuri warmomadgenlTan mokavSireobiT, hursidi cdilobda
muhamed ali da misi albanelebi gamoeyvana egviptidan da siriidan
moiyvana jarebi. muhamed alim moaxerxa situaciis Tavis sasargeblod
warmarTva sulTanTan da moipova egviptis mmarTvelis postze
damtkicebis firmani 1805 wels. hursidi alyaSemortymul qairos
cixesimagreSi gamagrda, romelic datova mas Semdeg, rac dainaxa
sulTnis firmani.
1805 wels hursidi gagzavnes serbeTSi, raTa CaexSo amboxeba. 1812
5 wwSi is dainiSna didi vezirad (premierministri). is uZRveboda
serbeTis kampanias, rogorc xelmZRvaneli da bolo mouRo ajanyebul
petroviCsa da obrenoviCs mas Semdeg, rac aiRo belgradi 1813 wels. im
wels igi bosniis mmarTveli gaxda. 1820 wels is daasaxeles peloponesis
mmarTvelad da saberZneTis pirveli amboxebebi daiwyo. hursidma
sulTans maSinve acnoba es movlenebi, da instruqciis miRebamde
gagzavna jarebi ajanyebis CasaxSobad. 1822 wels man moaxerxa moRalatis
meSveobiT berZeni amboxebulebis albaneli lideris ali faSas Ali Pasha
mokvla da misi Tavi sulTans gaugzavna, magram moulodneli saSineleba
daatyda Tavs. politikuri mtrebi stambolSi SeaSfoTa misma miRweulma
didebam da Zalauflebam, da maT sulTnis karze xmebi gaavrceles, rom
man didi raodenobiT Zvirfaseulobis miiTvisa. hursidma 40 milioni
piastri gaugzavna sulTans, rac ipova albaneli lideris xazinaSi,
roca sulTnis ministrebi 500 milioni piastris simdidres iTvlidnen.
rodesac sulTanma moiTxova detaluri angariSi, Seuracxyofilma
598
hursidma pasuxi ar gasca. amis Semdeg maleve, igi gakicxes sazogado
simdidris cudad gamoyenebisTvis da Searcxvines. agentebi gagzavnes
mis mosaklavad. imis magivrad, rom Tavi emarTlebina, man 1822 wels
sawamlavi dalia. misi adgili saberZneTsa da bosniaSi daikava meore
qarTvelma reSid mehmed faSam.
reSid mehmed faSa Reşid Mehmed Pasha (182933 ww.) daibada saqar
TveloSi berZeni marTlmadidebeli mRvdlis ojaxSi. rodesac is bav S
vi iyo, Turqebma tyved aiyvanes da monad gayides. reSid mehmed faSa
ebrZoda ajanyebul albanelebs, roca sulTanma uboZa serbeTs bosniis
eqvsi olqi adrianoplis SeTanxmebis safuZvelze. ukmayofili bos
nie lebma Bosnia 50 000kaciani jariT gailaSqres priStinas Priština wi
naaRmdeg, magram reSid faSa Tavs daesxa qvemexebiT da daamarcxa
bosnielebis armia. Semdgom wlebSi is meTaurobda anatoliis jars eg
vipteosmaleTis omSi da qurTebis winaaRmdeg.
mahmud nemid faSas Mahmud Nedim Pasha, didi veziri 187176 ww.,
xSirad uwodebdnen nedimovs Nedimoff, rusofiluri politikis gamo. is
iyo baRdadis yofili mmarTvelis, qarTveli nesif faSas Necib Pasha vaJi.
mahmud SevkeT faSa Mahmud Shevket Pasha iyo osmali generali da
saxelmwifo moRvawe, didi veziri 1913 wels, warmoSobiT qarTveli.
man garkveuli periodi safrangeTsa da germaniaSi gaatara, sadac
samxedro teqnologiebs swavlobda. is iyo didi veziri mehmed VsTan
1913 wels, rodesac stambolSi politikuri motiviT mokles. mis
daqvemdebarebaSi gaikeTa samxedro kariera mustafa qemalma Mustafa
Kemal. misi damsaxurebaa osmalTa samxedro aviaciis Camoyalibeba 1911
wels da stambolSi pirveli avtomanqana Camoiyvana.
garda Turqebisa, didi vezirebi iyvnen agreTve: albanelebi,
berZnebi, bosnielebi, serbebi, ramdenime italielic da arabi, ramdenime
Cerqezi, abasinieli da somexi, rusic ki. zogadad, qarTuli warmoSobis
ojaxebidan sapatio adgilebze iniSnebodnen, eseni iyvnen xosroSvilebi,
jayelebi, SalikaSvilebi, diasamiZeebi.
ukanaskneli sulTnebis istoriac aseve mWidrod iyo dakavSirebuli
saqarTvelosTan:
mihriSa valide sulTani Mihrişah Valide Sultan osmalTa 26-e sulTnis
mustafa III-is (175774 ww.) meuRle da reformatori sulTan selim III
is deda iyo da 16 wlis manZilze de faqto TanammarTveli 17891805 ww
Si. is exmareboda Tavis vaJs mmarTvelobisas da daaarsa diplomatiuri
korpusi, daafuZna bevri skola da meCeTi. mihriSa valide sulTani da
misi vaJi selim III, orive sufisti mistikosebis wevrebi iyvnen, romlebic
cnobilni arian, rogorc mbrunavi derviSebi Sufi Whirling Dervishies. is
xSirad xvdeboda kutuzovs, 1812 wlis omis rus generals, romelic
stambolSi imyofeboda ruseTis elCis statusiT.
599
Zalzed saintereso faqti moxda, rodesac mihriSa iyo haramxanis
lideri. aeme Aimee buc de Rivery, imperatrica Jozefinas Joséphine de
Beauharnais, napoleonis meuRlis, biZaSvili, zRvaSi daikarga 11 wlis
asakSi. arsebobs legenda
1
, rom is tyved aiyvanes barbarosma mekobreebma,
gayides haramxanaSi da iyo naSkidil hasekis Nakşidil Haseki saxeliT, 27-e
sulTnis abdul hamid Iis (1774-89 ww.) meuRle da 30e sulTnis deda.
qarTuli wyaroebis mixedviT, haramxanaSi is Tbilad miiRo qarTvelma
mihriSam da isini gaxdnen megobrebi da mokavSireebi. rodesac aime
gaxda abdul hamid Iis meuRle, sulTans franguli aswavla, daiwyo
franguli gazeTebis beWdva, sasaxle rokokos stilSi moawyves da
mudmivi elCi gagzavna stambolidan parizSi. rodesac 1815 wels patara
biWi, napoleonis Zmis vaJi, momavali napoleon III estumra TurqeTs,
man moinaxula `naTesavi didi bebia~ da is daajildoves mdidrulad
Semkuli xmliT. amis Sesabamisad, yirimis omis Semdeg, rodesac
napoleon III TurqeTs oficialuri vizitiT estumra, man pativi miago
misi `naTesavis~ saflavis, aRmosavleTis did dedofals.
abdul hamid Iis sikvdilis Semdeg, mihriSas vaJi selim III gaxda 28-e
sulTani (17891807 ww.). misma mterma mustafam gamoiyena reformebis
mowinaaRmdege ianiCrebi, romlebmac Camoagdes sulTani selimi da
mustafa IV gaxda 29-e sulTani (1807-1808 ww.), magram mxolod ramdenime
TviT.
saintereso faqts gviyveba me19 saukunis osmali istorikosi
Cevdet faSa Cevdet Pasha: mustafam brZana taxtidan gadamdgari selimisa
da misi memkvidris, aimes vaJis, momavali mahmud IIis, sikvdiliT dasja.
selimi mokles da rodesac mkvlelebma (maT meTaurobda sulTnis karis
ufrosi feta qarTveli Fettah the Georgian) miaRwies harems, sadac patara
mahmudi cxovrobda, qarTvelma mona gogonam Cevri qalfam Cevri (Jevri)
Kalfa maT TvalebSi nacari Seayara da amiT dro daakargina. es daexmara
mahmuds gaqceuliyo fanjridan da misma mimdevrebma gamoacxades igi
fadiSahad da mahmud II gaxda osmalTa imperiis 30-e sulTani (18081839
ww.). mona gogona daajildoves simamacisa da TavdadebisTvis da airCies
saimperatoro haramxanis xazinadarad. mahmudma farTo reformebi
Caatara, maT Soris ianiCrebis 130 aTasiani korpusis gauqmeba da
aTasobiT ajanyebuli lideris sikvdiliT dasja.
sulTan mahmud IIs sul axsovda Tbili urTierTobebi mis frang
dedasa da qarTvel sulTans Soris (Tumca zogi istorikosis mona
cemebiT, dedac frangi ki ara, qarTveli iyo) da misi saswau lebrivad
gadamrCeni qarTveli gogona. amitomac gasakviri ar iyo, rom meuRlec
bezmialemi Bezmi Âlem, misi Svilis da memkvidris 31-e sulTnis
1
vikipediis mixedviT, am legendas ar eTanxmeba ibrahim pazani
Ibrahim Pazan
,
romelic Tvlis, rom is iyo kavkasieli qali, savaraudod, qarTveli.
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