588
legionis kavaleri; 1838 wels gardaicvala melunSi. napoleonis Semdeg,
restavraciis dros mamluqebis winaaRmdeg represiebi ganaxorcielda,
maT Soris 1815 wels tragikuli incindenti moxda marselSi, rodesac
ramdenime aTeuli mamluqi da maTi ojaxebi, bavSvebisa da qalebis
CaTvliT, portSi elodebodnen transports, raTa gamgzavrebuliyvnen
ukan egvipteSi, da iyvnen daxocilni.
napoleonis italiuri aristokratuli ojaxi korsikaSi me-16
saukuneSi dasaxlda, rodesac toskaniidan Camovidnen. zogi avtoris
mixedviT, misi ojaxi toskanaSi trapizonidan gadmosaxlda, qalaqidan
TurqeTis teritoriaze, saqarTvelos mezobel qveynidan, visTanac
saqarTvelos mWidro kavSirebi hqonda, saqarTvelos proteqtoratis
qveS daarsda da arsebobda (me12 saukune). SesaZlebelia amiT aixsneba
napoleonis samxreTuli `aziuri~ Tvisebebi da interesi, romelsac
is iCenda kavkasiuri warmoSobis mamluqebisadmi. qarTuli wyaroebis
mixedviT, misi saukeTeso generlis ioakim miuratis Joachim Murat vaJma
axilma Achille Murat (gard. 1847 w.) colad
SeirTo megreli princesa dadiani,
cxovrobda saqarTveloSi da gardaicvala
zugdidSi, sadac axla aris misi muzeumi,
romelsac misi naTesavi zedamxedvelobs,
napoleonis pi rad nivTebTan da napoleonis
sikvdilis Semdgom niRabTan erTad. xolo
vikipediis monacemebiT, axili colTan
erTad ame
ri
kaSi, floridaSi cxovrobda
da iq aris dasaf
lavebuli. kidev ufro
naklebad savaraudoa, rom miurati, somxuri
wyaroebis mixedviT, somxurad saubrobda.
adgilobrivi legen dis mixedviT, napoleonis
egvipteSi kampa n iis dros, mamluqi rustami
daiWra da somxurad yviroda da amiT miiqcia miuratis yuradReba.
miuratma igi napoleonTan miiy vana da is misi piradi mcveli gaxda.
Tumca rustamis Roustam piradi Canawerebi sxva ambavs gviyveba.
rustami Tavis wignSi `napoleonis mamluqi~ `Mamluk of Napoleon~ wers,
rom daibada TbilisSi 1780 wels. igi ambobs, rom misi mama daibada
somxur sofel aperkanSi Aperkan da deda ki TbilisSi, amitom man icoda
orive ena, somxuric da qarTulic. man Tavis das uwoda yvelaze lamazi
mTels saqarTveloSi. bavSvobaSi misi ojaxi gadavida somxeTis sofel
SuSaSi (yarabaRi) Shusha (Karabagh) da monawileoba miiRes sparselebTan
omSi. igi daiWires TaTrebma da gaamgzavres kizliaris gavliT yirimSi,
mogvianebiT ki konstantinopolSi, sadac is iyida qarTvelma sala
beim, romelic qarTulad esaubreboda mas. 15 wlis asakSi, gadawyvita
589
gamxdariyo mamluqi, magram es rom momxdariyo, unda yofiliyo
qarTveli an megreli mamluqi, an, sul mcire, somexi mainc, radgan
rustamis azriT, somxebic kargi meomrebi iyvnen. man winadaicviTa da
gaemgzavra meqaSi sala beisTan erTad. ukana gzaze isini SeuerTdnen
qarTvel murads da ibrahim beis Mourad and Ibrahim Beys piramidebis did
brZolaSi napoleonis winaaRmdeg. brZola waages, magram male mSvidoba
damyarda frang generlebsa da qarTvel beis Soris. sala beis megobari
Seix el beqri Sheikh El Bekri daexmara rustams, qristianad dabadebuls,
raTa daewyo frangebTan msaxuri. rodesac napoleonma gadawyvita
parizSi dabruneba, Seix el beqrim SesTavaza ori qarTveli – rustami da
ali. rustami napoleons Turquli saxeliT gaecno, magram man daiCema,
rom qarTuli saxeli unda etarebina – rostomi. napoleonma ubrZana mis
karTan daeZina da misi piradi mcveli yofiliyo. ali SedarebiT uiRblo
aRmoCnda, igi gauSves JozefinasTan fontenbloSi, sadac daabrales
xasiaTis `sixiste~ (ar iqneboda gasakviri frangi dedoflis karze) da
gaaTavisufles samsaxuridan ramdenime TveSi.
rustami imperators Tan axlda yvela kampaniis dros prusiaSi,
poloneTSi, italiasa da ruseTSi. frangi gogos colis SerTvisTvis
mas napoleonis piradi nebarTvis aReba mouwia, radgan franguli
administracia jvars ar werda. mas mtkiceba uwevda, rom `is aris
qarTveli; da qarTvelebi qristianebi arian~. tilzitSi Tilsit, sadac
napoleonma gamarTa molaparakebebi ruseTis mefe aleqsandresTan,
ruseTis mefe Zalzed moxibla napoleonis gvardiis, maT Soris
mamluqebis paradma. sxdomis Semdeg, wveulebis dros, napoleonma uTxra
mefe aleqsandres: `SesaZloa rustami Tqveni qveSevrdomi yofiliyo~.
rusi mefe gaocda. `diax~, ganagrZo napoleonma, `is saqarTvelodanaa
da qarTvelebi Tqveni qveSevrdomebi arian~. restavraciis mere,
rogorc yvela mamluqma, rustamma dakarga yvela pozicia da usaxelod
gardaicvala frangi colis saxlSi.
qarTvelebi iranSi
qarTvelebis samsaxuri Sahis jarSi daiwyo Sah Tamaz Iis me
fobis dros (Tamaz I) Tahmasb I (Tamaz I) (153476 ww.). iranSi mcxovrebi
Tanamedrove qarTvelebi arian im 200 000 adamianis STamomavlebi, romlebic
sefevidma Sah abas Ima Abbas gamodevna qarTlkaxeTidan 1614 da 1617 wwSi.
iranSi cnobili iyo oTxi qarTuli ojaxi (klani): baraTaSvili,
saakaZe, undilaZe da mirimaniZe Baratashvili, Saakadze, Undiladze and
Mirimanidze da isini iranis literaturaSi moixseniebodnen, rogorc
gurji – qarTveli.
590
qarTveli meomari
rostom mefe (xosro mirza)
giorgi saakaZe
alaverdi xan undilaZe Allahverd Khan Undiladze (gardaicvala 1613
w.) iyo qarTuli warmoSobis iraneli samxedro meTauri da saxelmwifo
moRvawe, romelmac `mona~ jariskacidan maRal rangamde miaRwia
sefevidebis Safavid saxelmwifoSi. igi daibada qarTvel qristianad,
daiWires da miiRo islami. 1586 wels alaverdi xanma moawyo SeTqmuleba
Sah a basis sasargeblod. Sedegad, igi daniSnes farsis provinciis
mmarTvelad, aseve isfahanis, sefevidebis dedaqalaqis, gulamis armiis
meTaurad. es iyo specialuri samxedro struqtura, romelic Sedgebida
qarTvelebis, somxebis, Cerqezi qristianebisgan, romelic abasma Seqmna
Turq yizilbaSebis Zalis sapirwoned (r.m. saoriR. M. Saory `sefevidebis
sparseTi~, islamis kembrijis istoria, 1970 w., gv. 419). alaverd xanma
mokla imdenad bevri yizilbaSi, rom Sah abasma mouwoda Seemcirebina
mkvlelobebi. hiroTake maeda Hirotake Maeda, iaponeli mkvlevari, wignSi
`oTxi gulamis ojaxis eTnosocialuri foni sefevidTa iranSi~ wers,
rom Sah abas I alaverds `mamas~ uwodebda. xSirad ityoda, `sparseTi me
memorCileba, me ki undilaZes vemorCilebio~.
1598 wels alaverd xanis sardlobiT herati ganTavisuflda
uzbekebis aTwliani mmarTvelobisgan da alaverd xani Sahis Semdeg
sparseTis imperiis yvelaze Zlevamosili kaci gaxda. 1600 wlidan, ser
robert Sirlis Sir Robert Sherley konsultaciebiT, man reorganizacia
gaukeTa armias da gaaZliera gulamis jari 4000dan 25000 kacamde (l.
belani L. Bellan, Sah abas I, parizi, 1932, 111 gv.). alaverd xanis meTaurobiT
sparseTis armiam warmatebuli kampania awarmoa 16011602 wwSi, rodesac
portugalia sparseTis yuredan gaaZeves da daipyres bahreini 1602
wels, romelic portugaliis xelSi iyo 151617 wlebidan. 160312 wlebSi
gansakuTrebiT gamoiCina Tavi osmaleTTan omSi. aris cnobebi, rom Sahma
ramdenjerme mouxmo saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg brZolaSi moanawileobis
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