584
axla situacia kidev ufro airia. vis unda mieRo memkvidreobiT
Zalaufleba? Turqebs, ingliss Tu mamluqebs? pretendentebis ricxvidan
safrangeTic ar gamoiricxeboda. ingliss SeeZlo mieRo safrangeTis
pretenzia, Tu safrangeTi uars ityoda maltas mflobelobaze, aseve
ceilonze, antilis kunZulebze, imedis koncxze, gvineaze, martinikze
da sxva koloniebze. safrangeTi Tanaxma iyo Tavi daenebebina indoeTis
mimarT moqmedebebisTvis. es ar iyo sakmarisi inglisisTvis. amasobaSi
TurqeTma kidev erTxel gamoacxada suvereniteti egvipteze, xolo
mamluqebi, ibrahim beis meTaurobiT, Cveulebriv Seudgnen qveynis
marTvas. Turqebma gaaanalizes, rom isini arafris gareSe darCnen
da daiwyes metoqeebis Tavidan moSoreba. 1801 wlis oqtomberSi
frangma taleiranma Talleyrand da Turqma elCma xeli moaweres savaWro
xelSekrulebas da amiT ingliss gamafrTxilebeli niSani misces. Semdeg
Turqebma miiRes zomebi, raTa SeezRudaT kavkasieli monebis Semodineba
egvipteSi, ramac daamtkica, rom iyo yvelaze efeqtiani saSualeba
mamluqebis winaaRmdeg. ruseTis mier saqarTveloSi monebiT vaWrobaze
SezRudvam misi aneqsiis Semdeg, 1800 wels, daasrula mamluqebis
Zliereba. daaxloebiT 35 aTas qarTvel da Cerqez yovelwliurad
iparavdnen, yiddnen an nebayoflobiT Camodiodnen, rom emsaxuraT, rac
did ricxvs aRwevda 4 saukunis manZilze, anu milionamde 1314 wlis
axalgazrda.
sulTnis brZanebis mixedviT, iusuf ziam daakava ramdenime
mamluqi bei da stambolSi gaamgzavra, magram maT mokles mcvelebi
da zogi maTgani inglisis banakSi gaiqca. generalma haCinsonma da
generalma ramseim General Hatchinson and General Ramsey maSinve moaxdines
reagireba da mkacrad moiTxoves Turqebisgan SeeCerebinaT mtroba da
gaeTavisuflebinaT danarCeni mamluqebi. Turqebma weriliT upasuxes,
rom inglisi ar unda Careuliyo Sida muslimur sakiTxebSi da 2500
mamluqi gagzavnes inglisis banakSi, raTa maT piradad daedasturebinaT
TurqebTan megobroba, magram aravin dabrunebula. mogvianebiT yvela
maTgani ingliselebma zemo egvipteSi gagzavnes, radgan mTeli am wlebis
ganmavlobaSies regioni, Cveulebriv, mamluqebis Zalauflebis qveS
imyofeboda frangebisa Tu Turqebis Carevis gareSe.
1802 wlis kairos konferenciaze Turqebma SesTavazes 1215 000
mamluqis indoeTSi, an romelime inglisis kunZulze gadayvana, evropasa
an aziaSic ki. 1803 wels ibrahim begma da usman begma Ibrahim Beg and Usman
Beg werili misweres ruseTis generalkonsuls da sTxoves, neba daerToT
saqarTveloSi dabrunebaze. rusma elCma stambolSi kategoriuli uari
ganacxada, radgan ruseTis mTavrobas eSinoda mamluqebis saqarTveloSi
yofnisa, sadac ukve iyo erovnulganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis
problema.
585
1802 wels mamluqebma kidev erTxel daamarcxes TurqeTis jari.
sulTanma ganacxada, rom mas ar sWirdeboda aseTi armia egvipteSi da
Sewyvita xelfasebis gadaxda. aman gamoiwvia egvipteSi TurqeTis armiis
ajanyeba albaneli mohamed alis Mohamed Ali meTaurobiT. maT mokles
yvela mbrZanebeli da SeuerTdnen mamluqebs, romelTac aiRes kairo
da kvlav daamyares TavianTi mbrZanebloba. radgan ibrahim bei Zalzed
moxuci iyo, axali mmarTveli airCies, romelic Zalze uniWo aRmoCnda.
xolo osmalTa sulTnis axali armia Zalzed warmatebuli iyo 18034 ww
Si. Turqebma, qarTuli warmoSobis admiral kuCuk husein kapudan faSas
Küçük Hüseyin Kapudan Pasha xelmZRvanelobiT, aiRes kairo da mamluqebi
kidev erTxel dabrundnen zemo egvipteSi. is mamluqebs qarTulad
esaubreboda.
hursid (xurSid) ahmed faSa Hursid (Khurshid) Ahmed Pasha (dabadebuli
saqarTveloSi, qristiani mRvdlis ojaxSi, magram moitaces, miiRo
islami da ianiCarebis Janissaries siaSi iyo Cawerili) dainiSna sulTnis
mier egviptis mmarTvelad 1804 wels. britaneTis diplomatiur
warmomadgenlebTan megobrobiT, hursidi cdilobda misi metoqis
muhamed alisa da misi albanelebis egviptidan moSorebas da amisaTvis
apirebda ingliselebis daxmarebiT siriidan jari moulodnelad
gadmoeyvana, magram muhamed alim daaswro da 1805 wels Tavi gamoac
xada egviptis mmarTvelad. hursidi alyaSemortymuli iyo kairos
cixesimagreSi, romelic man datova mxolod mas Semdeg, rac dainaxa,
rom mohamed alis sulTnis firmani hqonda, sadac is gamocxadebuli
iyo egviptis mmarTvelad
1
.
albaneli muhamed ali, ajanyebulTa lideri, axla moulodnelad
sulTanma egviptis mmarTvelad daniSna 1806 wels. es iyo mamluqebis
ori eTnikuri jgufis (balkanuris da kavkasiuris) ostaturad dapi
rispireba. ali sakmaod Wkviani da veragi aRmoCnda da man moaxerxa
dinastiis daarseba, romelmac 1952 wlamde gastana. magram im dros jer
kidev mamluqebs ekavaT egviptis didi nawili, zemo egviptis CaTvliT.
muhamed ali ki cdilobda daepyro isini, magram sulTnis armia
daufinansebeli da demoralizebuli iyo. stambolma gadawyvita, kidev
erTxel eRiarebina mamluqebi da gamoacxades maTze amnistia. sulTnis
warmomadgenlebi Sexvdnen mamluqebs aleqsandriaSi 1806 wels, magram
1
hursidi ganagrZobda Tavis karieras serbiasa da bosniaSi. 1809 wels
serbiaSi man CaaxSo petroviCis ajanyeba, Semdeg obrenoviCis Petrović,
Obrenović da kvlav aiRo belgradi 1813 wels. 1812 wels igi daniSnes did
vezirad (premierministri) da es posti ekava 1815 wlamde. 1820 wels is
daniSnes peloponeses mmarTvelad, sadac ajanyebis CaxCobis da mSvidobis
damyarebis realur Sanss miaRwia, magram yvelaferi CaiSala, rodesac
SuriT savse sulTnis sxva ministrebma qonebis qurdoba daabrales da
Seuracxyofilma hursidma Tavis marTlebas TviTmkvleloba arCia.