Immune Response and Genetic Control

---

Immune Response and Genetic Control
Oliver Johnson
*
Department of Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, United States
DESCRIPTION
Immune responses to infectious disease agents are known to be a
ffected by genetic and nongenetic factors in terms of amplitude a
nd breadth. The function of the class II genes (Ir genes) is to
regulate the immune response genetically. The interplay of T
cells, B cells, and macrophages in the development of the
humeral immune response is controlled by the class II genes,
which also play a role in cellular immunity. Rapid innovations in
immunology and molecular biology have paved the way for a
better understanding of how disease resistance and immune
responsiveness features are controlled genetically.
The Major Histocompatibility Gene Complex (MHC there are 
several hereditary immune system defects in people that are 
simply inherited. T cells, B cells, bone marrow stem cells, NK 
cells, thymus development, and other deficiencies are among 
them) appears to be involved in every aspect of immune function 
and disease resistance. The HLA complex has been found to be 
linked to diseases involving both humeral and cellular immunity. 
Because the HLA complex genes contain linkage disequilibrium 
(i.e., crossing-over is inhibited and they tend to be transmitted as 
a group). The immune response is a complex process that can be 
(genetically) implicated in carcinogenesis via two pathways: (1) 
changes in DNA (by point mutation, virus-induction, crossover, 
or deletion) that participate in the transfrmation of a cell from a 
normal 
to 
a 
cancerous 
one, 
or 
environmental 
(immunosuppressant) changes affecting protein synthesis (i.e., 
immunoglobulin) that result in an impaired surveillance 
mechanism and, thus, increasing the potential for an 
Experimental data tying certain genes to specific immune 
responses has been evaluated and linked to cytoplasmic 
mechanisms in immune protein production that function 
independently or in tandem with nuclear mechanisms. 
The 
action of phagocytic and cytotoxic cells, which are the major
short-term means of protection against infection, is initiated by
innate immunity, making a healthy innate immune system
crucial to host defense. Innate, adaptive, and passive immunity
are the three types of immunity that humans possess: Innate (or
natural) immunity is a form of general protection that everyone
is born with. The epidermis, for example, works as a barrier to
keep viruses out of the body. In the absence of viruses or
abnormal tissue, however, faulty start and termination of
immune cell functional activity leads to a variety of chronic,
auto-immune, and neoplastic disorders. As a result, careful
control of immune effector functions is required to ensure a
quick and robust response to challenge. Immune cells are diverse
for a variety of reasons, including cytokine exposure and cell-cell
contact. To avoid autoimmunity or chronic inflammatory
conditions, immune cells must remain inactive in a naive state,
but must respond quickly when activated, independent of their
surroundings or cellular noise. Chromatin Structure can regulate
transcription. Small-scale genomic features like nucleosome
position and histone modification have also been linked to gene
expression variability. Changes in Local Genome Structure and
T Cell Activation also help in regulation of immune response.
Changes in Genome Structure in Tissue-Resident Immune Cells
are way to autoimmune diseases.
All three classes of MHC genes provide genetic control over
immunological responsiveness. Individual genes affecting
production qualities, on the other hand, have not been well
defined. Some of the growth and reproduction genes can be
intimately connected to the MHC but not MHC genes
themselves, whereas others could be MHC genes with no known
function.
Immunogenetic Open Access 
Opinion Article
Correspondence to: 
Oliver Johnson, Department of Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, United States, E-mail: [e-mail] 
Received: 
01-Mar-2022, Manuscript No. IGOA-22-16805; 
Editor assigned:
04-Mar-2022, Pre QC No. IGOA-22-16805 (PQ); 
Reviewed:
18-Mar-2022, QC 
No. IGOA-22-16805; 
Revised: 
25-Mar-2022, Manuscript No. IGOA-22-16805 (R); 
Published:
01-Apr-2022, DOI: 10.35248/IGOA.22.7.164
Citation:
Johnson O (2022) Immune Response and Genetic Control. Immunogenet Open Access.7:164.
Copyright:
© 2022 Johnson O. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits 
unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Immunogenet Open Access, Vol.7 Iss.2 No:1000164
1

---

Document Outline

• Contents
• Immune Response and Genetic Control
  • DESCRIPTION