Periodontal Diseases in Children and Adolescents …
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were given to the patient and his parents to prevent progression to tooth exfoliation.
Periodical examinations were carried out and 2 additional teeth were found exfoliated in the
elder brother. At 5Y3M, there were 15 teeth identified in the elder brother, while 19 teeth
were identified in the younger brother. Although cases with twin brothers are considered to
result from genetic influences, their teeth phenotypes were totally distinct.
Figure 16. Cases of hypophosphatasia identified in twin brothers. Intraoral photographs taken at 3Y4M
and 5Y3M for older (A and C) and younger (B and D) brothers, respectively.
9) Peridontitis Associated
with Anatomical Anomalies
A tooth with a radicular gingival groove is considered to be susceptible to periodontitis
due to the weak binding of periodontal ligamentsto the root surface. Although it is not
common that anatomical problems have effects on the development of periodontitis, the
radicular-gingival groove is an anatomical anomaly of the teethwith a reported prevalence of
2-4%, with the maxillary lateral incisors regarded as the area with the most frequent
occurrence [23-25]. Such a groove is sometimes found as a radiolucent line in radiographic
examinations and its main feature has been described as a ―parapulpal line,‖ which is similar
to the line produced by a vertical tooth fracture [26-30].The chief complaint regarding the
lesion caused by the groove is gingival swelling and pain, and root canal treatment or a flap
operation is typically selected as general treatment modalities for severe cases. Nevertheless,
the prognosisfor the lesions is considered to be poor [26-32].
An 11Y5M female came to our clinic with a chief complaint of severe gingival
inflammation in the mandibular left lateral incisor (Figure 17). The periapical radiograph
showed a parapulpal line and the lesion was estimated to be derived from the radicular-
gingival groove [33]. A gingivectomy was carried out, followed by local irrigation and
thorough instructions regarding tooth brushing. After a long interval between examinations,
she returned to our clinic at the age of 18Y4M and reported repeated slight swelling that had
occurred for several years, although without severe signs or symptoms. We rationalized that
the lesion is susceptible to inflammation due to her anatomical anomaly, however, careful
oral hygiene possibly stabilized the lesion. According to previous reports regarding cases with
radicular-gingival grooves, the subject ages range from 12 to 45 years old and the maximum
periodontal pocket depths were between 6 and 9 mm, which areregarded as severe conditions
Kazuhiko Nakano, Atsuo Amano and Takashi Ooshima
46
[26-32]. Prognoses are considered to be poor and extraction of the affected teeth was reported
in most of the cases in a range of 6 months to 3 years, while no significant recurrent signs or
symptoms were observed for 1.5 to 3 years in several of the cases. Thus, periodical
observation is important once we identify teeth with radicular-gingival grooves in order to
intervene in the onset and development of periodontitis.
Figure 17. A case of periodontitis associated with radicular-gingival groove. Black and
white arrows
indicate the affected gingival lesion
and parapulpal line, respectively.
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