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tacirlə rin rolu a rtır. Şəhərin və ölkənin bütün daxili və xa ric i t icarəti onların əlində
cəmlən mişdi. Bakı Xə zər dənizində mühüm liman idi. Buradan tran zit dəniz yolu ilə
Avropaya, Rusiyaya və digər ölkələ rə başlıca o laraq Şa ma xı ipəyi və başqa sənətkarlıq
mə mu latla rı daşınırdı. Bakının feodal in kişafı XVII əsrin sonlarınadək davam et mişdir.
Bundan sonra nəinki təkcə A zərbaycanda, eləcə də bütün Ön Asiya ölkələ rində mövcud
olan şəhər həyatının tənəzzülü müşahidə edilir.
Bakıda şəhər həyatının XVIII əsrin b irinci yarısı ərzində davam edən
düşkünlüyü təkcə ticarət yollarının dəyişməsi, feodal ara müharibələri və ö lkən in
dağılması ilə deyil, həm də Şərqdə odlu silahın yayılması və neftin hərbi texn ikada
istifadə olun masına ehtiyacın a radan qalxması ilə bağlı neft ixracın ın a zalması ilə izah
edilir. XVIII əsrin ikinc i yarısında Bakıda ş əhər həyatının və ticarətinin bir qədər
dirçəlməsi müşahidə olunur. Bakı xan lığ ı 1806-cı ildə çarizm tərəfindən işğal
olunduqdan, xarici və da xili müharibələ rə son qoyulduqdan sonra və bir sıra digər
amillə rlə ə laqədar məhsuldar qüvvələrin art masına, kapitalist münasibətlərin in
inkişafına və ölkədə neft sənayesinin yüksəlişinə əlverişli zəmin yarandı.
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Əlavə 1
C O N C L U S I O N
The city of Baku being one of the ancient c ities of A zerbaijan was we ll-known in
the Near and Middle East in early Middle Ages as Bagavan -the God's city the
connection of fla ming gas. The basis of its economy as oil and salt output? Madder and
saffron cultivation in Ba ku and Absheron areas which e xportation to the re mote
countries of the Easteither by land caravan ways or sea had served as an important
factor in its feudal develop ment/ Absheron being a me mber of Sh irvan thanks to the
natural and economic features presented itself isolated fro m it geographi-
cal, economica l and polit ical unit. The c ity of Ba ku, economical and polit-
ical centre of Absheron, in economica l and polit ical is economica lly con -
nected with its villages putting together the unit region of feudal scattered
ownerships, forme r in vassal age from Sh irvanshah.
Nu merous preserved architectural monu ments which date from the XII-XV
centuries scattered both in an old fortress of Baku and Absheron-fortress constructions,
palace build ings, mosques which we re built by lime stones of exce llent boards - testify
about feudal scattering of Absheron, feudal wealth who e xp loited ta xable population of
the region.
Economica l and cultural develop ment of the city was happened uneven. The
earliest information about Baku which told about the great oil and salt outlets,
concerned the period of Arabian Emp ire .
For the end of 20-s of XIII century Baku was one of the richest economica l and
comme rcia l centers of Shirvan region. Mongolian invasion and destruction of the
country in the XVIII c. undermined the economy of the c ity and disturbed oil industry
of Absheron and Baku. However, later at the close of XIII c, in XIV-XV centuries Ba ku
became the main port on the Caspian Sea and the capita l of Shirvanshah State of
Derbend dynasty. Baku was one of the important cities not only of Azerbaijan, but also
of all the Near East. Ba ku took an active part in the international tran -sit trade with silk
and other goods between the East and the West. This was the period of feudal
flourishing of the city.
Despite of devastating war of XVI c . and a number of anti-feudal revolts in
Shirvan which had been jo ined to Se fevid State, the importance of Ba ku as an important
comme rcia l centre and port on the Caspian Sea did not re la x in connection with the
ma king of Vo lga-Caspian way.
After capturing Baku by Turks at the end of XVI c. and the beginning of XVII c.
Baku again beca me a me mbe r of Sefev id State. Re inforce ment of the central power,
abolishment of feudal intestine and ruinous wars since 40-s of XVII pernic ious
influencing on the developing of the coun try's productive forces were reflected
favorable on the developing of Baku city life. The city was visited by a numbe r of
foreign merchants and travelers who ma rked the reviving its economica l life, gro wth of
handicraft production, the great oil and salt output exported to the outside of the
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country. Was increasing me rchants' role in the socia l life of the city? In their hands were
concentrated all e xternal and internal trades of the city and country. Ba ku was the
important port of the Caspian Sea through which were e xported transit sea ways main ly
Shema kha silk and other handicra ft goods to Europe, Russia and other countries. Feudal
flourishing of Baku lasted till the end of XVII c, after what was ma rking the decadence
of city life and trade which took place not only in Azerbaijan but also in all countries of
the Middle East.
The decadence of the city life in Baku lasting during the first half of XVIII c.
was e xpla ined not only with displacing the trade ways, feudal intestine wars and
ruinous of the country but also with the reduction of e xporting o il in the connection with
the spreading of fırearms in the East and there was no need for using oil in military
techniques. In the second half of XVIII c. is observed several reviv ing of city life and
the trade in Baku. After the conquest of Ba ku Khanate by cza ris m in 1806, ceasing the
e xternal and internal wa rs and a number of other factors appeared precon -ditions
promoting the growth of productive forces, developme nt of capi-ta list relat ions and the
great raising of oil industry in the country.
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