1. Firma tushunchasi. Tadbirkorlik firmalarining asosiy shakllari

Injiniring korxona – muxandislik-maslahat xizmatlarni tijoratchilik qoidalariga asoslangan holda amalga oshiradi.
Bunday korxona (firma):
- ishlab chiqarishni ta’minlash;
- mahsulot sotishni uyushtirish;
- ishlab chiqarish ob’ektlarini qurib, ishga tushirish yuzasidan maslahat berish bilan shug`ullanadi.
Eksport injiniring firmalari boshqa mamlakatlarga xizmat ko`rsatadi, chet eldagi ilmiy g`oyalar va texnik ishlanmalarni xorijda joriy etadi, murakkab va ulkan loyihalarni amalga oshiradi. Injiniring bilan birga mashina va us­kunalarni eksport qilib, etkazib beradi.

Qisqa xulosalar

O`zbekistonda tadbirkorlik faoliyatining ishlab chiqarish, tijorat, moliya va maslahat tadbirkorligi kabi turlari keng rivoj topmoqda. Mamlakatimizda tadbirkorlikning yakka tartibdagi, xususiy, jamoa va aralash shakllari faoliyat ko`rsatadi. Jamoa tadbirkorligi firmalar faoliyatida o`z ifodasini topadi. Firma – muayyan turdagi mahsulot ishlab chiqarishga va xizmat ko`rsatishga ixtisoslashgan, bozordagi talab va taklifga qarab ish tutadigan, iqtisodiy jihatdan erkin va mustaqil korxonadir. Firmalarning turlari ko`p. Ularni
- xususiy firmalarga;
- shirkat firmalariga;
- davlat korxonalariga;
- aralash firmalarga ajratish mumkin.


Robert L.Sexton “Exploring Economics”⁴
Chapter 11: The Firm: Production and Costs
11.1 Firms and Profits: Total Revenues Minus Total Costs
Explicit costs are input costs that require a monetary payment. They are out-of-pocket expenses, such as wages, which are relatively easy to measure by the money spent on the resources used.
Implicit costs do not require an explicit outlay of money. Accountants do not include implicit costs, but economists do, because they require that alternatives must be foregone. The opportunity cost of using one’s own land, labor, or capital are examples.
Whenever we are talking about costs--explicit or implicit--we are talking about opportunity cost.
Use What You’ve Learned: Explicit and Implicit Costs
Economists generally assume that the ultimate goal of every firm is to maximize its profits--the difference between what they receive for their goods and services--their total revenue--and what they give up for their inputs--their total costs (explicit and implicit).