Agaricaceae Fr. (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) from areas of Atlantic Forest in Pernambuco, Brazil 1

Acta bot. bras. 22(1): 287-299. 2008.

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1. Basidiospores hyaline ...................................................................................................................................... 5

5. Basidiospores dextrinoid, with metachromatic endosporium ...................................................................... 6

6. Pileus surface strongly sulcate; context very thin or translucent; lamellae colour not changing

when bruising; pleurocystidia absent ..................................................................................................... 7

7. Basidioma sub-deliquescent, very thin and fragile; pileus surface with yellow squamules;

basidiospores ellipsoid 10-12.5×7.5-8.8 µm, with the apical region short cylindrical

........................................................................................................ 6. Leucocoprinus fragilissimus

7. Basidioma not deliquescent; pileal surface with white, floccose squamules, at least

when young; basidiospores ellipsoid 6.2-10×5-7.5 µm, without short cylindrical apical

region ................................................................................................... 5. Leucocoprinus cretaceus

6. Pileus surface not, or only indistinctly sulcate; context thick; lamellae color changing to

bluish green when bruising; pleurocystidia present ............................. 4. Leucoagaricus sulphurellus

5. Basidiospores dextrinoid, but endosporium not metachromatic ................................................................. 8

8. Basidiospores not truncate, ellipsoid to sub cylindrical; pileal surface sulphur-yellow with

brown squamules ................................................................................................ 7. Lepiota elaiophylla

8. Basidiospores spurred with truncate base; pileal surface white with pinkish squamules

......................................................................................................................... 8. Lepiota erythrosticta

Remarks: The small basidioma with small fibrillose

squamules on the pileal surface and ellipsoid

basidiospores place this species in section

Sanguinolenti Jul. Schäff. & F.H. Møller (Heinemann

1977). A related species is Agaricus earlei Murrill,

from Cuba, with indistinctly apiculate and ellipsoid

basidiospores 5×3 µm (Murrill 1918). Freeman (1979)

revised the type of A. earlei and reported basidiospores

4.5-5.5×3-3.8 µm. On the other hand, Pegler (1987)

reported A. earlei as having larger basidiospores

6-7.5×3.4-4.2 µm and did not observe any trace of

yellow colour in the exsiccate nor in the original

illustration and placed this species near to

A. parasilvaticus. This discrepancy on the size of

basidiospores of A. earlei makes an exact comparison

between this species and A. parasilvaticus imprecise

or impossible without reviewing the types. In the

collection studied there was no colour change to yellow

in the fresh basidioma, and the microscopic characters

agree with the description of A. parasilvaticus given

by Pegler (1983).

2. Agaricus purpurellus (F.H. Møller) F.H. Møller,

Friesia 4: 204. 1952.

Psalliota purpurella F.H. Møller, Friesia 4: 193. 1952.

Fig. 5-8

Pileus 18-45 mm, plane to sometimes broadly

umbonate, purplish brown (M&P 8J7 “Liberia+”) at

the disc, disrupting into squamules on white or light

grey ground. Lamellae free, membranous, crowded,

greyish brown (M&P 7A8 “Rose Grey”). Stipe

40-75(-100)×3.5-4.5 mm, central, cylindrical, hollow,

1. Agaricus aff. parasilvaticus Heinem., Bull. Jard.

Bot. Brux. 32: 156. 1962.

Fig. 1-4

Pileus 29 mm, convex and broadly umbonate;

surface composed of numerous minute light brown

(M&P 13D10 “Tawny”) squamules on cream ground,

darker and entire over disc; margin entire, not sulcate.

Lamellae free, membranous, moderately crowded, dark

grey. Stipe 41×6 mm, central, cylindrical, swollen at

base (-8 mm), cream, with small squamules on the lower

part; rhizomorphs present. Annulus persistent, superior,

membranous, light brown. Context fleshy in disc, thin

near margin. Basidiospores 3.8-5×2.5-3.5 µm, in

average 4.7×2.8 µm, Q = (1.28-)1.42-1.82(-2), ellipsoid

in side view, smooth, with wall slightly thickened,

brown. Basidia 13.8-17.5×5-6 µm, clavate, 4 sterigmata.

Pleurocystidia absent. Cheilocystidia inconspicuous,

14-17×5-7.5 µm, broadly clavate or pyriform, thin-

walled, hyaline. Pileipellis with repent hyphae 3-7.5 µm

wide, thin-walled, with pale brown intracellular pigment.

Hymenophoral trama regular. Clamp-connections

absent.

Habitat: solitary on soil in tropical forest.

Material examined: BRAZIL. Pernambuco:

Cabo de Santo Agostino, Complexo do Gurjaú (Mata

do Coxiu), 26/VIII/2003, I.G. Baseia et al. s.n. (URM

78671).

Distribution: Venezuela (Heinemann 1962; Pegler

1983), Martinique, Trinidad (Pegler 1983). Brazil:

Paraná (Heinemann 1993), São Paulo (Pegler 1997).

This is the first record from Pernambuco.

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Wartchow, Putzke & Cavalcanti: Agaricaceae Fr. (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) from areas of Atlantic forest in...

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swollen at the base (-6 mm), white, with concolorous

squamules near the annulus, turning yellow at the base

on handing. Annulus membranous, fragile, pendant, sub

apical, white. Context thin, fleshy. Basidiospores

4.3-5(-5.3)×2.5-3.5 µ m, on average 4.7×3.1 µ m,

Q = (1.36-)1.43-1.64(-1.81), short ellipsoid in side view,

smooth, slightly thick-walled, brown. Basidia

15-20×6-7.5 µ m, clavate or sub fusoid, 2 to 4

sterigmata. Pleurocystidia absent. Cheilocystidia rare,

15-25×7.5-10 µm, broadly clavate to sub piriform, thin-

walled, hyaline. Pileipellis with ascendant hyphae,

terminal elements 22-52×6-10 µm, cylindrical, with

violaceous-brown content. Hymenophoral trama

regular. Clamp-connections absent.

Habitat: scattered on soil in tropical forest.

Material examined: BRAZIL. Pernambuco:

Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Complexo do Gurjaú (Mata

do Xangô), 19/VII/2004, F. Wartchow 17/2004 (URM

78680); Complexo do Gurjaú (Mata do Café),

3/VIII/2004, F. Wartchow 20/2004 (URM 78679);

Complexo do Gurjaú (Mata do São Braz), 3/VIII/2004,

F. Wartchow 21/2004 (URM 78678).

Distribution: Trinidad (Heinemann 1961), Kenya

(Pegler 1977), Martinique (Pegler 1983). Brazil: São

Paulo (Pegler 1997).

Remarks: This species of the subgenus

Flavoagaricus Heinem. is recognized by the purplish

squamules on the pileus and the size of the spores

(Heinemann 1961). Maia et al. (2002) reported this

species from Pernambuco State based on herbarium

registers, but the exsiccate under the name Agaricus

purpurellus (URM 75672) has basidiospores

(5-)5.5-7.5(-8)×3.5-4.8 µm, similar in size to the spores

of A. goossensiae Heinem. from Africa (Heinemann

1956; Pegler 1969), a species related to A. purpurellus

(Pegler 1977).

3. Agaricus rufoaurantiacus Heinem., Kew Bull. 15:

242. 1961.

Fig. 9-12

Pileus 29 mm, convex to broadly umbonate, surface

with numerous verrucose orange-brown (M&P 11L12

“Orange Rufous”) squamules on pale cream (M&P

9B2 “Polar Bear”) ground. Lamellae free,

membranous, crowded, brown (M&P 7A10 “New

Coccoa, Natal Brown, Mahal+”). Stipe 45×4 mm,

central, cylindrical, swollen at base (-6 mm), pallid

cream, covered with numerous squamules, concolorous

with pileal squamules. Veil forming dense squamules

on pileus and stipe surface. Annulus persistent, pendant,

membranous, sub apical, cream. Context thin, fleshy.

Basidiospores 4-5×2.5-3.7 µm, on average 4.7×3 µm,

Q = (1.33-)1.4-1.67(-1.81), ellipsoid to rarely ovoid in

side view, smooth, slightly thick-walled, brown in

deposit. Basidia 12.5-18×5-6.5 µm, clavate to sub

fusoid, 4 sterigmata. Pleurocystidia absent.

Cheilocystidia 13.5-20×5-7.5 µm, clavate to broadly

clavate, thin-walled, hyaline. Pileipellis with trichoderm

layer of narrow and parallel hyphae having segments

15-37×5-8 µm, with light brown then orange-brown

content. Hymenophoral trama regular. Clamp-

connections absent.

Habitat: solitary in sandy soil in a tropical forest.

Material examined: BRAZIL. Pernambuco:

Recife, Mata de Dois Irmãos, 4/VII/2004, F. Wartchow

25/2004 (URM 78666).

Distribution: Trinidad (Heinemann 1961; Pegler

1983), Martinique (Pegler 1983). Brazil: São Paulo

(Pegler 1997). This is the first record of

A. rufoaurantiacus from Pernambuco.

Remarks: This species of the subgenus

Lanagaricus Heinem., described from Trinidad

(Heinemann 1961), has been recorded from the Lesser

Antilles (Pegler 1983) and São Paulo State, Brazil

(Pegler 1997) with slightly larger spores

4.5-5.5×3.6-4 µm. Agaricus ochraceosquamulosus

Heinem. differs in the colour of the pileal scales, its

slightly larger basidiospores (5.1-5.7×3.6-4 µm) and

broader pileipellis hyphae (Heinemann 1961). The

Schäffer’s reaction was not tested in this specimen; in

the type material the reaction is negative (Heinemann

1961). In the collections from the Lesser Antilles a

positive reaction was observed on the material by

Pegler (1983).

4. Leucoagaricus sulphurellus (Pegler) B.P. Akers

in Akers et al., Mycotaxon 76: 48. 2000.

Leucocoprinus sulphurellus Pegler, Kew Bull. Add.

Ser. 9: 420. 1983.

Fig. 17-21

Pileus (8-)13-21 mm wide, campanulate then

plane, sulphur yellow (M&P 10J1 “Sulphur Y, Citrus)

with small greyish brown (M&P 16A4 “Rose Taupe”)

squamules, with margin indistinctly sulcate. Lamellae

free, membranous, close, sulphur yellow (M&P 10J1

“Sulphur Y, Citrus), discolouring greenish blue when

bruised. Stipe 28-40×2.5-3.5 mm, central, cylindrical,

sometimes attenuate at base, glabrous, smooth,

concolorous with pileus and lamellae. Annulus small

and fragile, concolorous with stipe. Context thin, fleshy.

Basidiospores 6.2-7.2×3.7-5 µ m, on average

6.6×4.3µm, Q= (1.39-)1.5-1.76(-1.81), ellipsoid in side

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