Appendix 2-5: Rejected ecotox bibliography Excluded

Rec #: 1180
Keywords: CHEM METHODS
Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN
Abstract: Abstract Extraction/ Distribution/ Constant/ Pesticide/ Recovery/ Acetonitrile/ Hexane/ Separation/ Preconcentration/ Sample preparation http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003267013003188

716. Zettler, J. L. and Cuperus, G. W. Pesticide Resistance in Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) in Wheat. Stored-Prod. Insects Res. Dev. Lab.,USDA,Savannah,GA,USA//: 1990; 83, (5): 1677-1681.

Rec #: 1350
Keywords: NO DURATION
Call Number: NO DURATION (CPYM,DDVP,MLN,PPHN)
Notes: Chemical of Concern: CPYM,DDVP,MLN,PPHN

717. Zhai, Chen; Sun, Xia; Zhao, Wenping; Gong, Zhili, and Wang, Xiangyou. Acetylcholinesterase biosensor based on chitosan/prussian blue/multiwall carbon nanotubes/hollow gold nanospheres nanocomposite film by one-stepelectrodeposition. 2013 Apr 15-; 42, (0): 124-130.

Rec #: 2060
Keywords: CHEM METHODS
Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN
Abstract: In this paper, chitosanÇôprussian blueÇômultiwall carbon nanotubes-hollow gold nanospheres (ChitÇôPBÇôMWNTsÇôHGNs) film was fabricated onto the gold electrode surface by one-step electrodeposition method; and then acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Nafion were modified onto the film to prepare an AChE biosensor. Incorporating MWNTs and HGNs into ChitÇôPB hybrid film promoted electron transfer reaction, enhanced the electrochemical response and improved the microarchitecture of the electrode surface. The morphologies and electrochemistry properties of the composite were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, respectively. Parameters affecting the biosensor response such as pH, enzyme loading and inhibition time were optimized. Based on the inhibition of pesticides on the AChE activity, using malathion, chlorpyrifos, monocrotophos and carbofuran as model compounds, this biosensor showed a wide range, low detection limit, good reproducibility and high stability. Moreover, AChE/ChitÇôPBÇôMWNTsÇôHGNs/Au biosensor can also be used for direct analysis of practical samples, which would be a new promising tool for pesticide analysis. Biosensor/ One-step electrodeposition/ Hollow gold nanospheres/ Acetylcholinesterase http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095656631200752X

718. Zhang, Anping; Lai, Wenfeng; Sun, Jianqiang; Hu, Guixiang, and Liu, Weiping. Probing the Chiral Separation Mechanism and the Absolute Configuration of Malathion, Malaoxon and Isomalathion Enantiomers by Chiral High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled With Chiral Detector-Binding Energy Computations. 2013 Mar 15; 1281, 26-31.

Rec #: 2380
Keywords: CHEM METHODS
Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN
Abstract: Abstract: Chiral separation mechanism determination and absolute configuration assignment are fundamental to the development of chiral stationary phases (CSPs) and the evaluation of both the enantioselective bioactivity and fate of chiral compounds. This work investigated the process of chiral separation and the assignment of the absolute configurations of malathion, malaoxon, and isomalathion using chiral high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with chiral detector-binding energy computations. Hydrogen bonding was found to be a very important factor in the chiral separation of isomalathion on Chiralpak AD, although it did not exhibit a significant effect on the chiral separation of malathion and malaoxon on Chiralcel OJ. Based on the sign of a chiral detector, the relationships between the cotton effect, optical dispersion and absolute configuration were established for individual enantiomers of malathion, malaoxon, and isomalathion. The elution orders of the enantiomers of malathion and malaoxon on Chiralcel OJ and the stereoisomers of isomalathion on Chiralpak AD predicted by binding energy computations were found to coincide precisely with those observed in the chiral separation experiments. The result suggests that binding energy computations can be used to assign the absolute configuration of the enantiomers of chiral compounds eluted on CSPs. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Index Medicus eng. Date created - 2013-02-19. Date revised - 2013-04-01. Last updated - 2013-04-01. DOI - MEDL-23398995; 23398995; 1873-3778

719. Zhang, Anping and Liu, Weiping. Inclusion Effect of Alpha-Cyclodextrin on Chemical Degradation of Malathionin Water. 2008; 54, 355-362.

Rec #: 11590
Keywords: FATE
Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN
Abstract: Abstract: Chemical degradation of malathion in water is one of the important environmental processes of malathion, and plays a critical role in detoxification of malathion. Alpha-cyclodextrin (α-CD), one of the cyclic oligosaccharides different from beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) in glucose units, solubility, and size of cavity, is capable of producing an environmental effect different from those of the latter CD and its derivatives. This work evaluated the effect of α-CD on chemical degradation of malathion in water in an attempt to further study the effects of different CDs on hydrolysis of malathion and assess the potential applications of α-CD in remediation of malathion contamination. The results showed that α-CD had a remarkable facilitative effect on the hydrolysis of malathion in both buffer solutions and natural surface waters. The facilitative effects of α-CD were an obverse function of pH value and inverse function of temperature. The rate constant of malathion hydrolysis increased with increasing the concentration of α-CD in both types of waters. Urea, a compound widely used in agriculture, decreased the facilitative effect of α-CD at 25°C and pH 9.0. The formation of inclusion complexes between α-CD and malathion was evidenced by nuclear magnetic resonance studies.
Keywords: Cyclodextrin
Number of Volumes: 3
New York : Springer-Verlag http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-007-9055-8

720. Zhang, H.; Wang, X.; Zhuang, S.; Jin, N.; Wang, X.; Qian, M.; Xu, H.; Qi, P.; Wang, Q., and Wang, M. Enantioselective Analysis and Degradation Studies of Isocarbophos in Soils by Chiral Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

Rec #: 8280
Keywords: CHEM METHODS
Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN
Abstract: ABSTRACT: An enantioselective method is presented for the determination of isocarbophos in soil by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The pesticide residues in soil samples were extracted with acetonitrile, and complete enantioseparation was obtained on an amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral column using acetonitrile/2 mM ammonium acetate solution containing 0.1% formic acid (60:40, v/v) as the mobile phase. The absolute configuration of isocarbophos enantiomers was determined by the combination of experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism spectra. The method was utilized to investigate the degradation of isocarbophos in soils (Changchun, Hangzhou, and Zhengzhou) under sterilized or native conditions. Isocarbophos enantiomers were configurationally stable in the selected soils, and the pesticide degradation was not enantioselective in the sterilized condition. The degradation behavior of rac-isocarbophos was different under native conditions, with no enantioselectivity in the Changchun soil and with the S-(+)-isocarbophos enriched in the Hangzhou and Zhengzhou soils.
MESH HEADINGS: *Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
MESH HEADINGS: Circular Dichroism
MESH HEADINGS: Half-Life
MESH HEADINGS: Insecticides
MESH HEADINGS: Malathion/*analogs &
MESH HEADINGS: derivatives/analysis/chemistry
MESH HEADINGS: Pesticide Residues/*analysis/chemistry
MESH HEADINGS: Soil/*analysis
MESH HEADINGS: Stereoisomerism
MESH HEADINGS: *Tandem Mass Spectrometry eng

721. Zhang, Hua-Xin; Zhou, Ying, and Liu, E. Biophysical Influence of Isocarbophos on Bovine Serum Albumin: Spectroscopic Probing. 2012 Jun 15; 92, 283-288.

Rec #: 5730
Keywords: IN VITRO
Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN
Abstract: Abstract: Isocarbophos (ICP) is a phosphorous pesticide with high toxicity. It has been detected in several kinds of food and therefore can enter human body. In this paper, spectroscopic approaches including three-dimensional fluorescence (3D-FL) spectroscopy, UV-visible absorption spectroscopy and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy were employed to explore the binding of ICP to bovine serum albumin (BSA) at simulated physiological conditions. It was found that the fluorescence quenching of BSA was caused by the formation of ICP-BSA complex at ground state and belonged to static quenching mechanism. The binding constants, the number of binding sites, enthalpy change (ΔH(θ)), Gibbs free energy change (ΔG(θ)) and entropy change (ΔS(θ)) were calculated at four different temperatures according to Scatchard model and thermodynamic equations. To identify the binding location, fluorescence probe techniques were used. The results showed that warfarin, an acknowledged site marker for BSA, could be partially replaced by ICP when ICP was added to warfarin-BSA systems, which demonstrated that ICP primarily bound on Sudlow's site I in domain IIA of BSA molecule. The distance r (3.06 nm) between donor (Trp-212) and acceptor (ICP) was obtained based on Förster's non-radiation fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) theory. Furthermore, the CD spectral results indicated that the secondary structure of BSA was changed in presence of ICP. The study is helpful to evaluating the toxicology of ICP and understanding its effects on the function of protein during the blood transportation process. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Animals
Keywords: Spectrometry, Fluorescence
Keywords: Index Medicus
Keywords: Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
Keywords: Circular Dichroism
Keywords: Malathion -- analogs & derivatives
Keywords: Protein Binding
Keywords: Malathion
Keywords: Binding Sites
Keywords: Pesticides -- metabolism
Keywords: Cattle
Keywords: 0
Keywords: Pesticides
Keywords: Serum Albumin, Bovine
Keywords: isocarbophos
Keywords: 121-75-5
Keywords: Serum Albumin, Bovine -- metabolism
Keywords: Serum Albumin, Bovine -- chemistry
Keywords: Malathion -- metabolism eng. Date completed - 2012-08-08. Date created - 2012-04-09. Date revised - 2012-12-20. Last updated - 2013-01-19. DOI - MEDL-22446777; 22446777; 1873-3557

722. Zhang, Q.; Jing, Y. H.; Shiue, A.; Chang, C. T.; Ouyang, T.; Lin, C. F., and Chang, Y. M. Photocatalytic degradation of malathion by TiO2 and Pt-TiO2 nanotube photocatalyst and kinetic study. 2013; 48, 686-692.

Rec #: 16730
Keywords: FATE
Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN
Abstract: Abstract: Photocatalytic degradation of malathion, is investigated using Titanium Nanotubes (TNT) and Pt modified TNT (Pt-TNT) photocatalyst in an aqueous solution under 365nm UV lamp irradiation. The TNT photocatalyst is prepared on pretreated strong alkaline solution via the hydrothermal method. The Pt-TNT was prepared by light deposition. The variations in morphology, formation mechanism, phase structure, and pore structure of TNT and Pt-TNT are characterized using UV-Vis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and N-2 adsorption/desorption isotherm analyzer, respectively. The effect of the initial malathion concentration, reaction temperature, catalyst loading, solution pH value, irradiation time and Pt loading are studied and the optimized values are obtained. Moreover, the photodegradation performance and kinetics of malathion onto TNT and Pt-TNT are also examined with the aid of model analysis by kinetic data. The results show that under acid conditions, the performance of photocatalysts for treating malathion is high. The time of complete degradation increases with an increase in the initial malathion concentration. The degradation rate decreases with increasing initial malathion concentration. The degradation efficiency can reach 100% under acid conditions for any initial malathion concentration when the reaction time is 70min. In addition, experimental decoloration kinetics data follow the pseudo-first-order reaction model.
Number of Volumes: 8
ISI Document Delivery No.: 136FA ://CCC:000318346200009

723. Zhang, Xiao ; Wallace, Andrew D; Du, Pan; Kibbe, Warren a; Jafari, Nadereh; Xie, Hehuang; Lin, Simon; Baccarelli, Andrea; Soares, Marcelo Bento, and Hou, Lifang. Dna Methylation Alterations in Response to Pesticide Exposure in Vitro. 2012 Aug; 53, (7): 542-549.

Rec #: 5670
Keywords: HUMAN HEALTH
Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN
Abstract: Abstract: Although pesticides are subject to extensive carcinogenicity testing before regulatory approval, pesticide exposure has repeatedly been associated with various cancers. This suggests that pesticides may cause cancer via nonmutagenicity mechanisms. The present study provides evidence to support the hypothesis that pesticide-induced cancer may be mediated in part by epigenetic mechanisms. We examined whether exposure to seven commonly used pesticides (i.e., fonofos, parathion, terbufos, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, malathion, and phorate) induces DNA methylation alterations in vitro. We conducted genome-wide DNA methylation analyses on DNA samples obtained from the human hematopoietic K562 cell line exposed to ethanol (control) and several organophosphate pesticides (OPs) using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation27 BeadChip. Bayesian-adjusted t-tests were used to identify differentially methylated gene promoter CpG sites. In this report, we present our results on three pesticides (fonofos, parathion, and terbufos) that clustered together based on principle component analysis and hierarchical clustering. These three pesticides induced similar methylation changes in the promoter regions of 712 genes, while also exhibiting their own OP-specific methylation alterations. Functional analysis of methylation changes specific to each OP, or common to all three OPs, revealed that differential methylation was associated with numerous genes that are involved in carcinogenesis-related processes. Our results provide experimental evidence that pesticides may modify gene promoter DNA methylation levels, suggesting that epigenetic mechanisms may contribute to pesticide-induced carcinogenesis. Further studies in other cell types and human samples are required, as well as determining the impact of these methylation changes on gene expression. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Keywords: 0
Keywords: Humans
Keywords: DNA Methylation -- drug effects
Keywords: Principal Component Analysis
Keywords: Index Medicus
Keywords: Pesticides
Keywords: Bayes Theorem
Keywords: Computational Biology
Keywords: K562 Cells
Keywords: Sequence Analysis, DNA
Keywords: Cluster Analysis
Keywords: Pesticides -- toxicity eng. Date completed - 2012-10-19. Date created - 2012-08-13. Date revised - 2012-12-20. Last updated - 2013-01-19. DOI - MEDL-22847954; 22847954; 1098-2280

724. Zhang, Yanming; Pagilla, Krishna, and Zhang, Yanming. Treatment of Malathion Pesticide Wastewater With Nanofiltration and Photo-Fenton Oxidation. 2010 Nov 30; 263, (1-3): 36-44.

Rec #: 3900
Keywords: FATE
Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN
Abstract: Abstract: Pesticide industry wastewater treatment combining nanofiltration (NF) and advanced oxidation process (AOP) using photo-Fenton's reagent was investigated in the laboratory. During the first stage of study, NF and AOP were used independently to treat malathion as a model substrate in pesticide industry wastewater (10mg/L) to produce high quality effluent (less than 0.1mg/L). Of the three types of NF membranes used (NF-A, NF90, and NF270), NF270 membrane has the largest water flux, but did not meet the desired effluent concentration of 0.1mg/L. NF90 and NF-A membranes could reduce the malathion concentration to 0.06mg/L, but provided a lower flux rate compared to NF270 membrane. AOP experiments were conducted at pH 3 to determine the optimum initial ratios of chemicals, which were malathion: H2O2=1:100 and H2O2:Fe(II)=40:1. Experiments were also carried out at different initial malathion concentrations to determine the reaction time for the desired effluent under the optimum conditions. It took 1h, 2.25h and 3h to reduce the malathion from different initial concentrations (1, 10, and 33mg/L) to the desired level. During the second stage of study, a specific energy consumption was determined for each treatment scheme to evaluate the economic feasibility of the NF-AOP combination. AOP is the significant energy consumer in the combined process and hence should be minimized by enhancing NF.
Keywords: Q2 02424:Applied economics
Keywords: Aqualine Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Environment Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts
Keywords: Chemicals
Keywords: Reagents
Keywords: Membranes
Keywords: Chemistry
Keywords: Stage Treatment
Keywords: ENA 09:Land Use & Planning
Keywords: SW 3030:Effects of pollution
Keywords: AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution
Keywords: Effluents
Keywords: Wastewater treatment
Keywords: Malathion
Keywords: Sewage disposal
Keywords: Filtration
Keywords: Economic feasibility
Keywords: Agricultural Chemicals
Keywords: Industrial wastes
Keywords: Oxidation
Keywords: Pesticides
Keywords: Economics
Keywords: Consumers
Keywords: Fluctuations
Keywords: Wastewater Treatment English. Date revised - 2011-10-01. Last updated - 2011-12-13. DOI - OB-d1885631-dc2d-438e-a591csamfg201; 13719595; CS1132521; 0011-9164. SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sewage disposal; Economic feasibility; Industrial wastes; Oxidation; Pesticides; Consumers; Effluents; Wastewater treatment; Chemicals; Filtration; Membranes; Economics; Malathion; Reagents; Agricultural Chemicals; Stage Treatment; Fluctuations; Wastewater Treatment

725. Zhang, Yuanyuan; Xiao, Zhiyong; Chen, Fang; Ge, Yiqiang; Wu, Jihong, and Hu, Xiaosong. Degradation Behavior and Products of Malathion and Chlorpyrifos Spiked in Apple Juice by Ultrasonic Treatment. 2010 Jan; 17, (1): 72-77.

Rec #: 4480
Keywords: CHEM METHODS
Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN
Abstract: Abstract: Apple juice (13 degrees Brix) spiked with malathion and chlorpyrifos (2-3 mg l(-1) of each compound) was treated under different ultrasonic irradiations. Results showed that ultrasonic treatment was effective for the degradation of malathion and chlorpyrifos in apple juice, and the output power and treatment time significantly influenced the degradation of both pesticides (por=0.90). The kinetics parameters indicated that chlorpyrifos was much more labile to ultrasonic treatment than malathion. Furthermore, malaoxon and chlorpyrifos oxon were identified as the degradation products of malathion and chlorpyrifos by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), respectively. The oxidation pathway through the hydroxyl radical attack on the P=S bond of pesticide molecules was proposed.
Keywords: 2921-88-2
Keywords: Chlorpyrifos -- chemistry
Keywords: Index Medicus
Keywords: Food Contamination -- analysis
Keywords: Malus -- radiation effects
Keywords: Malathion -- radiation effects
Keywords: Malathion
Keywords: Malus -- chemistry
Keywords: Chlorpyrifos -- radiation effects
Keywords: Chlorpyrifos
Keywords: Malathion -- chemistry
Keywords: Beverages -- analysis
Keywords: 121-75-5 eng. Date completed - 2009-11-30. Date created - 2009-09-15. Date revised - 2012-12-20. Last updated - 2013-01-19. DOI - MEDL-19560957; 19560957; 1873-2828

726. Zhao, P.; Wang, Y., and Jiang, H. Biochemical Properties, Expression Profiles, and Tissue Localization of Orthologous Acetylcholinesterase-2 in the Mosquito, Anopheles gambiae. 2013; 43, (3): 260-271.

Rec #: 1850
Keywords: IN VITRO
Call Number: NO IN VITRO (CBL,MLO)
Notes: Chemical of Concern: CBL,MLO

727. Zhao, Picheng; Zhu, Kun Yan; Jiang, Haobo, and Zhao, Picheng. Heterologous Expression, Purification, and Biochemical Characterization of a Greenbug (Schizaphis Graminum) Acetylcholinesterase Encoded by a Paralogous Gene (Ace-1). 2010 Jan; 24, (1): 51-59.

Rec #: 7220
Keywords: IN VITRO
Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN
Abstract: Abstract: Acetylcholinesterase is a critical enzyme in the regulation of cholinergic neurotransmission in insects. To produce Schizaphis graminum acetylcholinesterase-1 for structure-function analysis, we constructed a recombinant baculovirus to infect Sf9 cells, which secreted the soluble protein at a final concentration of 4.0 mg/L. The purified enzyme had an apparent Mr of 70 and 130 kDa in the reducing and nonreducing SDS-polyacrylamide gels, respectively, indicating that it formed a dimer via an intermolecular disulfide bond. The fresh enzyme had a specific activity of 245 U/mg, which stabilized at a lower level (115 U/mg) in storage. The Michaelis constant and maximum velocity were 88.3 +/- 9.6 Delta *mM and 133.2 +/- 1.6 U/mg for acetylthiocholine iodide, 113.9 +/- 12.5 Delta *mM and 106.4 +/- 3.0 U/mg for acetyl( Delta *b-methyl)thiocholine iodide, 68.9 +/- 7.8 Delta *mM and 76.7 +/- 1.0 U/mg for propionylthiocholine iodide, and 201.1 +/- 21.0 Delta *mM and 4.4 +/- 0.1 U/mg for S-butyrylthiocholine iodide, respectively. The IC50 values (5 min, room temperature) of ethopropazine, BW284C51, carbaryl, eserine, malaoxon, and paraoxon were 102, 1.6,0.9,0.2,0.06,0.016 Delta *mM, respectively. The bimolecular reaction constants (ki) were (6.50 +/- 0.40) X 104 for carbaryl, (1.00 +/- 0.16) X 105 for eserine, (4.70 +/- 0.13) X 105 for malaoxon, and (9.06 +/- 0.23) X 105 M-1 min-1 for paraoxon. The enzyme was also inhibited by one of its products, choline, at concentrations higher than 20 mM, suggesting that choline bound to an anionic site and regulated the enzymatic activity. [copy 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 24:51-59, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20311
Keywords: Temperature effects
Keywords: Choline
Keywords: Biochemistry
Keywords: Schizaphis graminum
Keywords: iodides
Keywords: Acetylcholinesterase
Keywords: G 07810:Insects
Keywords: Genetics Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts
Keywords: Temperature
Keywords: Disulfide bonds
Keywords: enzymatic activity
Keywords: Velocity
Keywords: Carbaryl
Keywords: Enzymes
Keywords: Paraoxon
Keywords: insects
Keywords: ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety
Keywords: Gels
Keywords: Neurotransmission
Keywords: Proteins
Keywords: Enzymatic activity
Keywords: Baculovirus
Keywords: X 24330:Agrochemicals
Keywords: Internet English. Date revised - 2011-08-01. Last updated - 2012-06-29. DOI - 834eb2ae-907d-41ec-b2cbcsaobj201; 15242307; 1099-0461. SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gels; Temperature effects; Choline; Neurotransmission; Acetylcholinesterase; Disulfide bonds; Enzymes; Carbaryl; Enzymatic activity; Paraoxon; Internet; Biochemistry; iodides; Temperature; enzymatic activity; Proteins; Velocity; insects; Schizaphis graminum; Baculovirus

728. Zhao, Wei-jun; Sun, Xiao-ke; Deng, Xiao-ni; Huang, Lin; Yang, Ming-min, and Zhou, Zhi-ming. Cloud point extraction coupled with ultrasonic-assisted back-extraction for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in concentrated fruit juice by gas chromatography with flame photometric detection. 2011 Jul 15-; 127, (2): 683-688.

Rec #: 2220
Keywords: CHEM METHODS
Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN
Abstract: A new method for the determination of nine organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs): Dichlorvos, methamidophos, acephate, diazinon, dimethoate, chlorpyrifos, parathion-methyl, malathion and parathion-ethyl in concentrated fruit juice was developed using the cloud point extraction coupled with ultrasonic-assisted back-extraction prior to gas chromatography with flame photometric detection (GC-FPD) analysis. The parameters and variables that affect the extraction were investigated. Under optimum conditions: a solution containing 6% (W/V) polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) and 20% (W/V) Na2SO4 for the extraction of the OPPs. The coacervation phase obtained was back extracted with ethyl acetate. The upper ethyl acetate solution was centrifugated simply for further cleanup for the sake of automatic injection. A preconcentration factor of 50 was obtained for these nine pesticides. Using this method, the limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) were in the range of 0.5Çô3.0 and 1.5Çô9.0 ++g kgêÆ1 in concentrated fruit juice, respectively; the relative standard deviations (RSD) were <9%. Cloud point extraction (CPE)/ Organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs)/ Ultrasonic-assisted back-extraction/ Gas chromatography with flame photometric detection (GC-FPD)/ Concentrated fruit juice http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308814611000252

729. Zhao, X-H; Bo, L-Y; Wang, J; Li, T-J, and Zhao, X-H. Survey of Seven Organophosphorus Pesticides in Drinking Water, Feedstuffs and Raw Milk From Dairy Farms in the Province Heilongjiang During 2008-2009. 2012; 67, (3): 293-296.