Blue Green Solutions
Yüklə 327,82 Kb. Pdf görüntüsü
|
- Bu səhifədəki naviqasiya:
- BG Solutions concept 5
- The multi-functional interactions and benefits of a tree 6 7
- Engineer Urban Planner BS SYSTEMS APPROACH
14 15 Blue Green Solutions Guide used to help corporations and public institutions achieve stringent sustainability targets. Figure 6 gives an illustration of the multiple interactions and the resulting benefits for a “multifunctional” tree. In addition to the tree’s aesthetic value, its benefits include urban heat island mitigation (via both shading and evaporative cooling), storm water flood risk reduction, noise and air pollution reduction and acting as a wind barrier. These functions interact with the urban microclimate, building massing, indoor comfort, energy consumption and outdoor environment quality. In many cases, the tree’s functions can be enhanced/maintained without excessive use of potable water: for example, by irrigation with harvested roof and street rainfall runoff and recycled grey water. If integrated adequately, many synergy benefits will result 29 . Under the BG Systems approach these interactions are modelled and quantified to inform the choice and positioning of tree(s) for the area. This includes careful selection of the tree species based on their characteristics and the specific requirements they will need to fulfil. BG Solutions concept 5 Stakeholder Benefits The holistic nature of the BG Systems approach ensures benefits for all stakeholders. Key stakeholders, listed in order of their potential influence for enabling change, are presented in Figure 7. For example, Figure 7 shows that if policy makers introduced BG Systems compliant planning standards, then benefits would be created at the Systems, Project and User levels. It is envisaged that existing development certification schemes, such as BREEAM and LEED, will need to be augmented with BG Systems concepts and criteria. Engagement of policy makers will be key to achieving this shift. Discipline Integrators: the BG Team The BG Systems approach differs substantially from current planning practice. Its full effectiveness will therefore be achieved only if a transition in operations occurs to safeguard compliance with the systematic methodology presented in this guide. The success of the approach is founded upon centralised coordination of and communication between multidisciplinary teams. The BG Systems approach adds a new participatory group to the urban planning process: The BG team. The BG team’s prime responsibility is to work with and coordinate the different disciplines (Figure 8). The experts in the BG team will be fully familiar with BG Systems approach. The shading of four trees can save 25 per cent of the energy needed for cooling a building. In doing so, they offset about 3-5 times more carbon than a tree in a forest 30 .
6 7 Benefits of the BG Systems approach for stakeholders involved in urban planning. Ecosystem Services BG System Approach Urban
Components BG SOLUTIONS Pedestrian Shading Heat Island Shading Building
Shading Adiabatic Cooling Evapo-
transpiration Flood Risk Reduction
Wind
Barrier Micro
Climate Building
Massing Indoor
Comfort Energy
Consumption Outdoor
Environment Quality
Urban heat island effect reduced Outdoor air evaporative cooling Buildings more comfortable Buildings using less energy Building envelope cheaper Surface flood risk reduction Higher property value Humans healthier Reduced noise and air pollution Better conditions for pedestrians Socialising more intensive Water management more effective Reduction of Life Cycle Costs Maximised System
Performance Higher Level & Environmental Quality More Efficient Design Process Market Leadership Corporate Prestige New Construction Standards Increased Profitability Reduced Resource Usage Increased Resiliance Improved
Quality of Life and Reduced Living Costs
Policy and Law Makers Strategic Planners Developers Consultancies Asset Owners Users
16 17 Blue Green Solutions Guide 3 Integrated Design and Pre-planning The development of a design brief is one of the most important phases in the design process. This especially applies for the BG Systems approach as it determines the overall quality and sustainability of the project. A standard design brief outlines the client requirements. However, it does not necessarily represent the needs of all stakeholders. It therefore does not guarantee a solution that meets everyone’s needs. We advocate a Blue- Green (BG) Design Brief, which presents detailed requirements from all stakeholders, together with a selection of optimised concept solutions. This guarantees higher quality design for the city and helps the developer to come to informed, compliant and robust project decisions. The project will not only be more sustainable but will also deliver significant savings, especially with respect to operational costs. In this section we outline the differences between a standard design brief and the BG Design Brief. We discuss the systematic approach in which the BG Design Brief is developed through a new, BG- specific planning tool: the Goal Driven Planning Matrix (GDPM). Stakeholder Involvement The production of a Design Brief will involve the following stakeholders: Project Strategy Planners (PSPs). In the case of city planning, they are normally part of the city management group and define the requirements that lead directly to a Design Brief. Project developers. They have the same role as PSPs but act within private or private-public partnership (PPP) projects. Project planners. These are involved in all planning stages. Evaluator community. They are responsible for financial quantification of different parts of the project. This usually happens during the viability study (without parametric analysis of the effects of interactions) and the design development phase. Potential project users. These are the people that will occupy and use the developments.
Asset managers. They run the assets once the development has been completed. City / project approval bodies. These stakeholders check the design’s compliance with regulations and standards and issue permits. The degree of involvement of the stakeholders in the production of the BG Design brief, as opposed to a standard design brief, is shown in Table 1. 8 Shifting from silos to integrated systems: the BG Systems approach Landscape Architect Architect Climate Specialist Energy Planner Environmental Engineer Water Engineer Urban Planner BS SYSTEMS APPROACH Yüklə 327,82 Kb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
|