Disaster information: a bibliography
ID: 1573 Au: Hendry, Malcolm D. Ti: Applications of earth sciences to coastal zone management in the Caribbean
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ID: 1573 Au: Hendry, Malcolm D. Ti: Applications of earth sciences to coastal zone management in the Caribbean. So: In: Jackson, Trevor A. ed; Donovan, Stephen K. ed. Geological and Biological Evolution of the Caribbean Region: a 60th Birthday Celebration in honour of Professor Edward Robinson: tributes, programme and abstracts. Kingston, University of the West Indies (Mona), 1994. Ab: The earth sciences embrace broad inter-disciplinary areas of research and application which are being used to address pressing issues of coastal zone management (CZM) in the Caribbean region. Examples of Earth Science applications to CZM are explained through case studies which include:-(1) Assessment of causative processes, and rates of shoreline and water level change (for example, sea-level), for determination of set-back requirements and for solution of erosion problems. (2) Investigation of non-metallic, shelf sediment sources for use in construction and beach renourishment projects. (3) Investigation of sources of alternative energy. (4) Environmental impact assessment of coastal development and engineering projects. (5) Risk assessment of hazards from earthquakes, tsunami and flooding. (6) Strategic planning for integrated coastal zone management, including institutional and technical assessment for design of CZM programs. (7) Projections for climate-change impacts on coastal and shelf areas. The planning process for CZM is no longer the preserve of individual disciplines and increasingly relies on cross-sectoral design, implementation and monitoring in which the Earth Sciences play an important part. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1574 Au: Phillip-Jordan, Cheryl. Ti: Earthquakes in Portmore, St. Catherine, Jamaica: past and future. So: In: Donovan, Stephen K. ed. Geological and biological evolution of the Caribbean region: a 60th birthday celebration in honour of Professor Edward Robinson, tributes, programme & abstracts. Kingston, University of the West Indies (Mona), 1994. Ab: Jamaica lies in an earthquake zone, but the risk from earthquakes varies between different parts of the island. Portmore, parish of St. Catherine, lies to the west of Kingston and has a suburban relationship with the capital city. Kingston was founded after much of Port Royal disappeared beneath the sea during the earthquake of 1692. The capital has subsequently suffered many earthquakes, but none have been as devastating. Though not as well-represented in the historical records as Kingston, the Portmore area has also endured earthquake devastation in the past. Local geology and proximity to potential epicentres combine to place Portmore at risk from earthquake damage. Variations in local geology caused by tectonic and other natural forces, and also by man, will certainly play a role in determining vulnerable microzones. The Wagwater Belt is important as a potential site for generating damaging earthquakes. It lies near to Portmore and may have been the epicentre for high intensity events in the past; it is likely to be so in the future. The risk of earthquake damage to Portmore must be considered in light of historical records, population density and continuing development. The high percentage of land used for residential purposes (with resulting high population density), the prevalent use of construction materials of high mass (excellent for withstanding hurricanes, but undesirable for earthquakes) and the large number of housing units constructed in recent years, combined with variables like when an earthquake may strike, places Portmore at greater risk than many parts of nearby Kingston. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1575 Au: Ahmad, Rafi; Robinson, Edward. Ti: Slope movements and the evolution of landforms in a plate boundary zone: examples from Jamaica. So: In: Donovan, Stephen K. Geological and biological evolution of the Caribbean region: a 60th birthday celebration in honour of Professor Edward Robinson: tributes, programme & abstracts. Kingston, University of the West Indies (Mona), 1994. Ab: The island of Jamaica is located within a seismically active plate boundary zone. Neogene strike-slip tectonics has produced major compression and uplift in the Jamaican region. Vertical and horizontal displacements along faults have resulted in a mountainous topography manifested as a 'block and belt' structure. Some 75 percent of the relief is characterised by slopes over 20o, underlain by intensely jointed, faulted and weathered bedrock. Neotectonic uplift has enhanced chemical weathering and mass movements. Jamaica is especially subject to slope movements because of particular combinations of geological history and rock type, its tectonic setting and the geographic location. The presence of mountains extending along the path of moisture-laden winds facilitate heavy orographic rainfall. Inherent slope instability factors include fault scarps, altered bedrock, caps of competent strata, alternating permeable and impermeable rocks, gypsum and anhydrite along formational contacts, and abundant discontinuities in slopes. These variables combine to produce a sensitive terrain where hydrolic and seismic factors are particularly effective in producing high rates of slope movement. A majority of the slopes are unable to sustain high relief under these conditions. Notwithstanding local variations, the landslide landforms are essentially ubiquitous; streams are choked with landslide debris (often forming landslide dams) and debris flow deposits appear to dominate alluvial fans. A scientific understanding of the physical environment and geodynamic processes are considered essential as guides to the formulation of public policy on the sustainable use of the limited land resources of Jamaica and other small island states. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1576 Au: Manning, Paul A. S; McCain, Trevor W; Ahmad, Rafi; Robinson, Edward. Ti: Structural geology of the Above Rocks Inlier, Jamaica. So: In: Donovan, Stephen K. Geological and biological evolution of the Caribbean region: a 60th birthday celebration in honour of Professor Edward Robinson: tributes, programme & abstracts. Kingston, University of the West Indies (Mona), 1994. Ab: Recent mapping has shown that the structure of the Above Rocks Inlier is dominated by brittle and brittle-ductile shear zones which define the following trends:015o, 090o, 115o, 135o and 160o. Major joint sets are also parallel to these trends. The overall orientation of shear zones and joints in the inlier follow major fault trends known from the rest of the island. This pattern appears to be consistent with the restraining bend geometry and the location of the island within a broad zone of Neogene left-lateral strike-slip deformation. The late cretaceous Above Rocks granitoid appears to be an epizonal, multiphase pluton which was mostly passively emplaced along pre-existing NW-SE fractures. Intrusion of dykes in the inlier was also controlled by NW-SE orientated faults and joints. However, in the Zion Hill area mesoscopic structures including aligned crystals, elongate cognate xenoliths and wall zone fabrics may be indicative of forceful emplacement of the pluton. Sulphide mineralization is controlled by the fracture geometry along NNW-SSE trending faults and shear zones, and along intrusive contacts of the main granitoid pluton. The latter is particularly well developed within an approximately 1.6km wide, NNE-SSW trending zone extending for a distance of some 6 km from Sue River in the north to Zion Hill-Harkers Hill in the south. The intrusive contact in this region dips approximately 6oW and has produced a relatively wide metamorphic aureole marked by sulphide mineralization. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1577 Au: Chung, Riley M. ed. Ti: Hurricane Hugo: Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and Charleston South Carolina September 17-22, 1989. Pub: Washington; National Academy of Sciences; 1994. 276. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Bush, David M. Ti: Coastal Processes. So: In: Chung, Riley M. ed. Hurricane Hugo: Puerto Rico, The Virgin Islands, and Charleston South Carolina September 17-22, 1989. Washington, National Academy of Sciences, 1994. 130-54. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Aguirre, Benigno E. Ti: Emergency planning and response in Puerto Rico. So: In: Chung, Riley M. ed. Hurricane Hugo: Puerto Rico, The Virgin Islands, and Charleston South Carolina September 17-22, 1989. Washington, National Academy of Sciences, 1994. 63-81. Ab: This chapter presents a preliminary assessment of a set of processes that the reconnaissance team characterized as the organized disaster-response to Hurricane Hugo in Puerto Rico. Recommendations are included in the hope that they will improve the disaster response system on the island. The operations of NWS/WSFO are described and the reasons for its success identified. The SLOSH model, which was effectively used to plan and execute excavations, is described. The similarities between the two successful programs are noted. Finally elements in the disaster-response system that did not work well-i.e. sheltering, long term emergency housing, and lifeline protections are analyzed. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1580 Au: Vogel, John L. Ti: Hydrology. So: In: Chung, Riley M. ed. Hurricane Hugo: Puerto Rico, The Virgin Islands, and Charleston South Carolina September 17-22, 1989. Washington, National Academy of Sciences, 1994. 48-62. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Bush, David M; Marshall, Richard R. Ti: Lifelines. So: In: Chung, Riley M. ed. Hurricane Hugo: Puerto Rico, The Virgin Islands, and Charleston South Carolina September 17-22, 1989. Washington, National Academy of Sciences, 1994. 115-29. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Golden, Joseph H. Ti: Meteorology. So: In: Chung, Riley M. ed. Hurricane Hugo: Puerto Rico, The Virgin Islands, and Charleston South Carolina September 17-22, 1989. Washington, National Academy of Sciences, 1994. 16-47. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Marshall, Richard D. Ti: Surface speeds and property damage. So: In: Chung, Riley M. ed. Hurricane Hugo: Puerto Rico, The Virgin Islands, and Charleston South Carolina September 17-22, 1989. Washington, National Academy of Sciences, 1994. 82-116. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Ti: Jamaica national environmental action plan 1994. Pub: Kingston; Jamaica. Government; 1994. 42 . Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation Authority. ID: 1585 Au: Tyrell, Andrew J. Ti: Kingston Harbour: a study in pollution. Pub: Kingston; s.n; 1994. 106. Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation Authority.
Au: Ahmad, Rafi. Ti: Liquifaction-related ground failures during the St. Andrew earthquake of 13 January 1993, Jamaica - implications for seismic hazard zonation. Pub: Kingston; The Faculty of Natural Sciences;1994. 22. Co: Proceedings of the First Conference- Faculty of Natural Sciences; Kingston, May 1994. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1587 Ti: Montego Bay 100 year hurricane coastal flooding hazard assessment. Pub: Kingston; Jamaica. Ministry of Agriculture. Water Resources Division; 1994. 17. Ab: This report represents the results of a pilot phase hazard mapping exercise carried out by the Jamaica CDMP Technical Working Group and the OAS/CDMP team. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Caribbean Meteological Institute. Ti: Monthly weather summary (January to December 1994 Part A). Pub: St. James; Caribbean Meteorological Institute; 1994. 25 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Caribbean Meteorological Institute. Ti: Montly weather summary (Part B 1994). Pub: St. James; Caribbean Meteological Institute; 1994. 25. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Caribbean Meteological Institute. Ti: Montly weather summary (Part B 1995). Pub: St. James; Caribbean Meteological Institute; 1994. 25 Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Jamaica. Natural Resources Conservation Authority. Ti: National environmental action plan. Pub: Kingston; NRCA; 1994. 52 . Ab: Gives an overview of the state of the environment, discusses the economy and environmental matters including legislation. Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation Authority. ID: 1592 Au: National Research Council. Ti: Natural disasters studies: Hurricane Hugo. Pub:Washington,D.C; National Academy of Sciences; 1994. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Haughton, Stephen. Ti: Position paper on dumpsites in Jamaica. Pub: Kingston; NRCA; 1994. 5. Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation Authority.
Au: Suite, Winston H. E; Chin, Myron W; Khan-Kernahan, Ian. Ti: The role of the civil engineer in treating with natural disasters. So: In: Caribbean Academy of Sciences. Proceeedings of the 5th Annual General Meeting. St. Augustine, Caribbean Academy of Sciences, 1994. 8-18. Co: 5th Annual General Meeting; Georgetown, 1994. Ab: The paper singles out for specific focus, three of the most devastating types of natural disasters, earthquakes, hurricanes and floods. These have been the chief architects of the ever-changing landscape and they have wreaked havoc on human life and the built environment, as we have known it in the Caribbean Basin region. By drawing on the experiences and the lessons learnt from several well documented examples, an attempt is made to show how man has tried to use science to construct edifices better able to withstand the destructive forces of nature by employing a number of strategies beginning with his attempting to define acceptable levels of risk. The paper treats with the role of design codes of practice, the concept of factors of safety, statistical analysis of historical data and modes of failure as demonstrated by detailed studies of previous disaster sites. It examines the role of both experimental and theoretical research and model building and the advanced tools of analysis and design introduced by the advent of the computer. This is one approach taken by man, the civil engineer, in dealing with disasters. The paper then discusses a second approach, that of disaster management, utilising risk analysis, planning techniques and all the modern approaches of management science. It is argued that such an approach offers planning as one of the principal lines of defense against disasters. The paper concludes with a discussion of how well the engineer/designer/planner has performed in adopting these approaches. It uses several well publicised examples of disaster occurrences of the last decade and makes recommendations on how science can deal more effectively in reducing the impact of those forces of nature in future. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Eyre, L. Alan. Ti: Loss and degradation of the tropical forests. What has gone wrong? What can be done? So: In: Sharma, P. R. ed. Regional policies and development in the Third World. Varanasi, Rishi Pub, 1994. 97-115. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Cambers, Gillian; James, Arlington. Ti: Sandy coast monitoring: the Dominica example (1987-1992). Pub: Paris; Unesco; 1994. 92. Ab: Presented and discussed in this document are the results of a beach monitoring programme in Dominica (1987-1992). Twenty-three beach sites were measured at three-monthly intervals. In 1989 during the monitoring period two major hurricanes passed close to Dominica. Significant erosion followed by accretion was reported after the hurricanes; however, two years later, the beaches had not recovered their pre-hurricane levels. Very high average erosion rates were calculated (close to 1 m per year) and were related to beach sand mining. This programme was carried out within a regional UNESCO/COMAR/COSALC-1 project "Beach and Coastal Stability in the Lesser Antilles". Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1597 Au: Edwards, David T. Ti: Small farmers and protection of the watersheds: the experience of Jamaica since the 1950s. So: London; Overseas Development Institute; March 1994. 73. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Daniel, Pierre. Ti: A real-time system for forecasting hurricane storm surges over the French Antilles. So: In: Maul, George A. ed. Small islands: marine science and sustainable development. Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, 1994. 146-56. Ab: A depth-averaged numerical storm-surge model has been developed and configured to run on a personal workstation to provide a stand-alone system for forecasting hurricane storm surge. Atmospheric surface pressure and surface winds are derived from an analytical hurricane model that requires only hurricane positions, central pressures, and radii of winds. The storm-surge model was tested in hindcast mode on three hurricanes which gave significant surges over Guadeloupe and Martinique during the last 15 years. This model could be used for other small islands in the Caribbean. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1599 Au: Montero, Guillermo Garcia; Marti, Jose L. Juanes. Ti: Beach erosion and mitigation: the case of Varadero Beach, Cuba. So: In: Maul, George A. ed. Small islands: marine science and sustainable development. Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, 1994. 238-49. Ab: Varadero Beach, one of the most important tourist resorts of Cuba, has been experiencing an erosive trend of its shoreline for the past 25 years. Shoreline retreat has been estimated at 1.2 m/yr with an average sand loss of 50,000 m3/yar. The main results of a research program for beach erosion studies are presented; this includes the results of a mitigation program applying artificial beach nourishment that has been developed since 1987, with a total of 700,000 m3 of sand nourished to the beach. The main causes of beach erosion and the reasons for specific mitigation actions are explained. The application of these results to other small island countries could be inferred. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1600 Au: Maul, George A; Hendry, Malcolm D; Pirazzoli, Paolo A. Ti: Sea level, tides and tsunamis. So: In: Maul, George A. ed. Small islands: marine science and sustainable development. Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, 1994. 83-119. Ab: Small islands have intimate contact with oceanic phenomena, and in many cases their geography is a totally marine environment. Accordingly, catastrophic events such as tsunamis can affect their entire land area, and rising global sea level is feared to flood whole nations. In a survey of sea level at numerous small islands, it is shown that in many cases sea level is falling and has been for centuries and that any effect of global change is very site specific. Tides, in general, have a smaller range at islands than at continental sites, but even though tidal observations are essential for determining vertical datums and for predictions, many small island developing states do not operate tide guages. Tsunami prediction, for example, requires improved bottom topography information at most sites, but again the observational network for issuing warnings and improving such forecasts is often times absent. A commitment by small island developing states to initiate observations and to participate in regional research and monitoring programs is considered essential for effective decision-making to assist sustained economic development. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1601 Au: Hendry, Malcolm D. Ti: The geological legacy of small islands at the Caribbean-Atlantic boundary. So: In: Maul, George A. ed. Small islands: marine science and sustainable development. Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, 1994. 205-24. Ab: Contrasting geological structures form the gateway between the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic-Ocean. To the north, islands of the Bahamas and Turks and Caicos are perched on extensive carbonate platforms whose surfaces have remained above the base of the euphotic zone through the Cenozoic. Southward, the generally volcanic Lesser Antilles has evolved in an island arc at the convergence zone of the Caribbean and American tectonic plates. A volcanically quiescent but seismically active branch of the arc diverges northeast of Martinique. Volcanism commenced in the Eocene, with islands building through the water column during the Cenozoic. The young non-volcanic island of Barbados, located above the accretionary fore-arc prism, first emerged above sea level about 900,000 years ago. Geological processes of millennia have controlled, and continue to influence, nearly all aspects of island economic life. While endowing the region with stunning beauty and environmental advantages, these processes have resulted in an uneven distribution of materials for construction; have left no significant metalliferous deposits; spawned no fossil fuels except in Barbados; and provided limitations to water supply in growing island populations. Widespread, severe risks associated with volcanic eruption, earthquakes, landslides, and longer term sea-level changes are also a consequence of these processes. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1602 Au: Cambers, Gillian. Ti: Towards integrated coastal zone management in small island states. So: In: Maul, George A. ed. Small islands: marine science and sustainable development. Washington, D.C,, American Geophysical Union, 1994. 323-40. Ab: Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) is still a relatively new concept within the smaller eastern Caribbean islands. The problems facing the implementation of ICZM are discussed: these include the absence of quantitative coastal inventories of natural resources, the weakness of physical planning mechanisms, shortages of equipment, and the difficulty of reconciling the short term political time frame and the longer term environmental time scale. The paper recommends increased cooperation between professionals in regional research institutions and government CZM agencies to develop applied research projects to solve specific problems. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1603 Au: Kahwa, Isenkumba A; Reid, Howard O. N. Ti: The asbestos problem in Jamaica. Pub: Kingston; University of the West Indies; Centre for Environment and Development; 1994. 40. Ab: Research has shown that exposure to asbestos can cause potentially fatal diseases such as lung cancer, asbestosis, and mesothelioma. This paper presents a preliminary assessment of the impact of asbestos products usage in Jamaica. The authors reveal that asbestos wastes in Jamaica are largely handled in an unsafe manner and are improperly disposed of, causing a major public health concern in some areas. Recommendations are made for identification of suitable sites and mechanisms for waste disposal, detailed research into Jamaica's asbestos problem, and close monitoring of the health of persons who risk occupational exposure to asbestos. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. Yüklə 2,03 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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