Disaster information: a bibliography
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ID: 1840 Au: Robinson, Edward; Laughton, Dionne V. Ti: Burlington and Jupiter landslides, Rio Grande Valley, Jamaica: comparison with Millibank Landslides as examples of processes producing natural dams. So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Natural hazards and hazard management in the Greater Caribbean and Latin America. Kingston, University of the West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, Unit for Disaster Studies, 1997. 56-61. Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. Ab: Two large, presumably prehistoric landslides in the Rio Grande valley are those at Burlington, at the mouth of the Rio Grande, and at Jupiter, near Moore Town. Both these slides are considerably larger than the landslide that blocked the Rio Grande at Millbank in 1937, impounding a lake. The Burlington landslide has been described briefly in a previous publication. The Jupiter landslide is similar in form to, and has developed over the same geological units, as the Millbank slide. Although presumed to be prehistoric, its geomorphology suggests that it is of comparatively recent origin, and the nature of the debris indicate that more than one event is involved. Debris from one of the more recent events extended across the valley floor, with appreciable run-up on the opposite side of the valley from which the slide originated. Investigation of these landslide features is continuing. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Worrell Campbell, Jennifer. Ti: Caribbean disaster mitigation project: making in roads into the development process. So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Natural hazards and hazard management in the Greater Caribbean and Latin America. Kingston, University of the West Indies, Department of Geology and Geography, Unit for Disaster Studies, 1997. 107-11. Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1842 Au: Lander, James F. Ti: Caribbean tsunamis: an initial history. So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Natural hazards and jhazard management in the Greater Caribbean and Latin America. Kingston, University of the West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, Unit for Disaster Studies, 1997. 1-18. Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. Ab: Reports of 50 tsunamis of varying certainty are listed for the Caribbean beginning with an event off the coast of Venezuela in 1530. Fifteen of these have reports of damage associated with them and six have reported fatalities. As a thoroughly research history for the region has not been done, these numbers are approximate and probably low. The author has just learnt of but not yet seen, a paper on Caribbean tsunamis by Myrtle Thorm and Compton Deane at the Civil Engineering Department, University of the West Indies, St, Agustine, Trinidad written in the late 1970's. Also given the increase in coastal development, a repeat of these events today would cause much higher damage and fatalities. Although the history of the Caribbean area is the longest in the Western Hemisphere, the tsunamis history has not been studies in detail. The varied colonial past and the number of political divisions made such a study difficult and needing local involvement. Tsunamis have affected the whole area from the northern coast of South America, Costa Rica and Panama, to the whole arc of the Antilles. It is subject to tsunamis of tectonic origin associated with the trench and structures cutting the arc. Notable is the 1867 tsunami originating in the Anegada trough between St. Thomas and St. Croix, Virgin Islands, which caused 14 to 16 fatalities and was observed throughout the Caribbean. The 1918 off the northwestern corner of Puerto Rico caused 40 fatalities and extensive damage. The Caribbean area is also subject to rare but destructive tele tsunamis from Atlantic sources. The 1755 tsunamis which affected Lisbon, North Africa and England put waves as high as 7 metres at Saba and 3.7 metres at Antigua and Dominica. Waves reached the second story of buildings in Martinique. The Caribbean may also be subject to tsunamis generated by volcanic activity as seen by the 1690 landslide on Nevis Peak and an explosion of a mud volcano near Trinidad in 1911. Kick-em Jenny, a submarine volcano discovered in 1939, may have generated small, local tsunamis in the 1939 or 1990 eruptions (Sigurdsson, 1996) and may in the future produces a larger wave. Landslides are another source of tsunamis. Each type of source produces tsunamis with different characteristics. The risk should be thoroughly evaluated by a multinational effort to improve the history and predict the effect by using models. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Smith, Douglas L. Ti: Comparison of seismic attenuation values for events in the Caribbean with those located in North America. So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Natural hazards and hazard management in the Greater Caribbean and Latin America. Kingston, Unit for Disaster Studies, University of the West Indies, 1997. 43-6 Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. Ab: Continuing analyses of seismograms for earthquake event recorded by the University of Florida network yield attenuation coefficients related to the geographic origin of the event. Of 34 events subject to reanalyses, twenty-one originated in Central and South America. Identifiable Lg phases are selected from record of events from North America, but P wave phases were used for those events from the circum-Caribbean region. An attenuation coefficient of y = 0.11 per degree is derived from events which originated in North America. Efforts to independently calculate Q values of 172 to 688. While these y and Q values are comparable to assigned values for the eastern United States, significantly higher attenuation is recognized from records of events from the circum-Caribbean region. Analyses of events from Central and South America yield y = 0.15 per degree. These results suggests that attenuation values and resulting hazard assessment should be segregated according to events from specific seismotectonic provinces, and that some anisotropy may exist in the attenuation of seismic waves through the circum-Caribbean region. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Hooper, Donald M; Mattioli, Glen S; Kover, Thomas P. Ti: Computer-simulations models of pyroclastic flows and hazards at Soufriere Hills volcano, Montserrat: applications to hazard assessment. So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Natural hazards and hazard management in the Greater Caribbean and Latin America. Kingston, University of the West Indies, Department of Geography nad Geology, Unit for Disaster Studies, 1997. 19-32. Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. Ab: Soufriere Hills Volcano (Montserrat, British West Indies) consists of a series of andesitic lava domes. English's Crater, a horseshoe-shaped depression opening to the east north-east, contains the youngest dome prior to the onset of volcanic activity on 18 July 1995 and the creation of the 1995-6 dome complex. The computer code FLOW3D is being used to stimulate several types of volcanic flows that have been observed or may potentially occur at the Soufriere Hills. Because of their predominance at Soufriere Hills, an understanding of pyroclastic flows produced by the disintegration of lava domes is critical. In this study, we concentrate primarily upon pyroclastic flows and lahars, as well as examine an energy-cone model. The programme first constructs a digital terrain model based upon a 3D network of (x,y,z) triplets. The triangulated irregular network (TIN) of digitized topographic data serves as the basis for the numerical computations. Gravitational acceleration and flow retardation is interactively calculated for each flow element as it passes over the finite element net. The shear stress retarding the flows is divided into three parameters: basal friction, internal viscosity (or viscous drag), and internal acceleration (or dissipation). Estimated values and limits for these flow parameters are based upon the known distribution of products from Soufriere Hills and the observation of actual flows of various types at other volcanoes. Any desired number of flow paths can be traced to their terminations with the velocity displayed on a color scale. An animated eruption image is presented on a computer screen as a three dimensional model. These computer simulations can be extremely useful in assessing and mitigating the risk associated with several types of volcanic hazards. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Morrissey, Michael. Ti: Curriculum innovation for natural disaster reduction: the experience of the Commonwealth Caribbean. So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Natural hazards and hazard management in the Greater Caribbean and Latin America. Kingston, University of the West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, Unit for Disaster Studies , 1997. 184-97. Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1846 Au: Suite, Winston H. E. Ti: Disaster management training by case study method: its implication to the Caribbean Region. So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Natural hazards and hazard management in the Greater Caribbean and Latin America. Kingston, Unit for Disaster Studies, University of the West Indies, 1997. 177-83. Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1847 Au: Gibbs, Tony. Ti: Effects of Hurricane Luis (September 1995) on structures in Antigua. So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Natural hazards and hazard management in the Greater Caribbean and Latin America. Kingston, University of the West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, Unit for Disaster Studies , 1997. 165-76. Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1848 Au: Abraham K, Roy; Chen, A. A; McTavish, J. Ti: Generation of a database for the disaster management in the Caribbean using WWW. So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Natural hazards and hazard management in the Greater Caribbean and Latin America. Kingston, University of the West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, Unit for Disaster Studies , 1997. 212-5. Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1849 Au: Ahmad, Rafi. Ti: Hazard and environment geology of Kingston and St. Andrew, Jamaica: field guide. So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Natural hazards and hazard management in the Greater Caribbean and Latin America. Kingston, University of the West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, Unit for Disaster Studies, 1997. 216-27. Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. Ab: The island of Jamaica lies within a 200 km wide, seismically active zone of Neogene left-lateral strike-slip deformation that defines the central section of the boundary between the Caribbean and North American plates. The present-day topography on the island has resulted from intensive crustal movements during Quaternary. The bedrock and neotectonics control the landforms and geomorphic processes to a remarkable degree. Slope instability is notable throughout the island. A summary of the physiography, geology and land use is given in Table 1 which provides a basis for understanding the various geohazards and environmental problems on the island. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Rogers, Cassandra T. Ti: Landslide hazard data for water shed management and development planning, St Lucia, West Indies. So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Natural hazards and hazard management in the Greater Caribbean and Latin America. Kingston, University of the West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, Unit for Disaster Studies, 1997. 150-64. Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1851 Au: Lalor, Dennis. Ti: Natural hazards and insurance industry: report and recommendations of the working group established by the Caricom Heads of Government, July 1994. So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Natural hazards and hazard management in the Greater Caribbean and Latin America. Kingston, University of the West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, Unit for Disaster Studies, 1997. Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1852 Au: Chin, Myron W. Ti: Possible mitigation strategies for hurricanes and earthquakes in the Caribbean. So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Natural Hazards and Hazard Management in the Greater Caribbean and Latin America. Kingston, University of the West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, Unit for Disaster Studies, 1997. 88-95. Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. Ab: The Caribbean is affected by geological, climatic and environmental hazards such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, tropical cyclones, floods, drought environmental pollution and deforestation. However, historically, the damage caused earthquakes has not been as great as that caused by hurricanes and floods. In this paper therefore, possible mitigation strategies for reducing losses from hurricanes and earthquakes in the Caribbean are discussed with particular reference to the Caribbean Uniform Building Code (CUBiC) provision for wind and earthquake loads. A brief review of these provisions is presented and it is emphasized that there is an urgent need to enforce compliance with the requirements of CUBiC and to encourage higher standards of construction quality throughout the Caribbean. Other factors affecting effective mitigation strategies are outlined and the economics and practicalities of mitigation are discussed against the background of the attitudes of the Caribbean peoples at risk and the nature of Caribbean political administrations. The paper concludes that successful mitigation strategies must involve the close collaboration between the local community and the government agencies and must contain a mixture of immediately visible improvements and of less visible but long-term sustainable benefits. In this regard the paper recommends the urgent completion of Part 5 of CUBiC which deals with the construction of Small Buildings. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Adams, Wayne D. Ti: Proposed revision to the national building code of Jamaica. So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Natural hazards and hazard management in the Greater Caribbean and Latin America. Kingston, University of the West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, Unit for Disaster Studies, 1997. 96-106. Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1854 Au: Douligeris, Christos; Collins, John. Ti: Prototype oil spill information management system. So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Natural hazards and hazard management in the Greater Caribbean and Latin America. Kingston, University of the West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, Unit for Disaster Studies , 1997. 78-84. Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. Ab: The Oil Information Management System (OSIMS) is an integrated information management tool providing a graphical interface to a database of geographical and other spill related data. OSIMS combines the utility of Geographic Information system (GIS) with the intelligence of a Decision Support System (DSS), and provide worldwide access through the Internet and the World Wide Web (WWW). In this paper we present the main components of OSIMS with an emphasis on oil spill data and environmental data. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: McKinnon, B; Heath, Warren. Ti: The analysis of earthwork and slope deterioration from aerial photographs. So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Natural hazards and hazard management in the Greater Caribbean and Latin America. Kingston, University of the West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, Unit for Disaster Studies , 1997. 47-55. Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. Ab: Roads, railways and coastlines are all large scale linear features usually incorporating many earthworks. These earthworks are subject to deterioration and many fail causing serious problems. A significant number of these failures could be prevented if all earthworks were monitored frequently and early signs of deterioration noted so that improvements could be made. Inspections on foot, however, is very costly and time consuming and therefore are rarely undertaken on a frequent basis. A technique, known as ECAT, to monitor earthworks and provide information for their repair has been developed at the Transport Research Laboratory (TRL). The analysis procedure employed is designed to be used on linear features, when many earthworks have to be evaluated quickly and in expensively, and concise information about their location and cause of deterioration is required. The technique used to record earthworks and a description of the analysis procedure is provided with an example showing the results of the analysis. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Ahmad, Rafi; Clark, J; Hellin, John; Manning, Paul A. S; McDanold, Morag. Ti: The potential. So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Natural hazards and hazard management in the Greater Caribbean and Latin America. Kingston, University of the West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, Unit for Disaster Studies , 1997. 112-23. Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1857 Au: Abraham K, Roy; Chen, A. A. Ti: Using WWW as an education and teaching tool for disaster awareness. So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Natural hazards and hazard management in the Greater Caribbean and Latin America. Kingston, University of the West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, Unit for Disaster Studies ,1997. 198-201. Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1858 Au: Swanson, Grace; Stephens, George. Ti: Volcano detection and monitoring using satellite data. So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Natural hazards and hazard management in the Greater Caribbean and Latin America. Kingston, University of the West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, Unit for Disaster Studies , 1997. 33-7. Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. Ab: Volcanic ash plumes injected into the atmosphere pose dangers to aircraft flying through them. Geostationary and polar orbiting meteorological satellite data offer a means of detecting volcanic eruptions in order to issue timely warnings. NOAA and the U.S Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) have implemented the Volcano Hazard Plan. This is a cooperative, operational system to coordinate information on ongoing eruptions and issue warnings of the presence of airborne ash to aviation interests. The plan is activated whenever an eruption occurs which may endanger aircraft within continental U.S. Flight Information Regions (FIRs). NESDIS' Synoptic Analysis Branch (SAB) is responsible for the satellite support and overall coordination required for the plan. Currently under development at NESDIS is a procedure to provide more timely access to high resolution AVHRR imagery, using modern communication links and workstation technology. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Gorham, Richard J. Ti: Waterborne disease control in natural disasters. So: In: Ahmad, Rafi. ed. Natural hazards and hazard management in the Greater Caribbean and Latin America. Kingston, University of the West Indies, Department of Geography and Geology, Unit for Disaster Studies, 1997. 62-70. Co: 2nd Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and Disasters; Kingston, 9-12 Oct. 1996. Ab: Natural disasters have profound deleterious effects on public and private water systems. These negative impacts also pose a threat to the public's health through the effects of hazardous materials released into the environment by the disaster or through the transmission of waterborne or water associated diseases. Natural disasters, especially floods, may cause the contamination of water supplies by sewage and the proliferation of mosquitoes, flies and rats. One of the major health consequences of disasters is the contamination of the water supply by pathogenic microbes. Prevention and control of waterborne diseases in the disaster area fall within the purview of the preventive medicine team. Protection of the health emergency responders is given highest priority. Provision of emergency supplies of portable water, restoration of water-treatment and sewage-treatment systems, food service inspection, testing of water supplies for coliforms, sanitation in emergency shelters and environmental sanitation in general, monitoring and suppression (if necessary and feasible) of pest and vector populations, epidemiological surveillance and disease control, collaboration with local health workers are all important activities of the preventive medicine team. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Jamaica. Natural Resources Conservation Authority. Ti: Palisadoes - Port Royal, protecting our natural and cultural heritage. Pub:Kingston; NRCA; 1997. 30. Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation Authority.
Au: National Environmental Societies Trust. Ti: Strategic plan action 2001. Pub:Kingston; National Environmental Societies Trust; 1997. 14. Lo: Jamaica, Natural Resources Conservation Authority.
Au: Sharif University of Technology. Ti: Structural engineering, earthquake engineering. So: Tehran; Sharif University of Technology; 1997. Co: 4th International Conference of Civil Engineering; Tehran, 4-6, May 1997. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1863 Au: Carby, Barbara E. Ti: A scientific basis for earthquake contingency planning: an example from Jamaica. So: In: Sharif University of Technology. Structural engineering earthquake engineering. Tehran, Sharif University of Technology, 1997. 345-55. Co: 4th International Conference of Civil Engineering; Tehran, 4-6, May 1997. Ab: Many developing countries initiate national emergency management agencies in response to the impact of a particular disaster. Consequently, a major part of the responsibility of these agencies is the preparation for responding to disasters, which includes the development of contingency plans. Many contingency plans however, outline a standard series of actions to be taken regardless of the magnitude of the event. Examination of the earthquake response plan for Jamaica shows that it is not based on any scientific consideration of the earthquake hazard. For example, the plan does not consider variables such as the location of epicentre or the magnitude of the earthquake. The earthquake of January 13,1993 indicated that in addition to the long accepted off-shore source zone for Jamaican earthquakes, an on-shore source for large earthquakes is a possibility. Although large earthquakes generated on-shore can be expected to cause a much higher level of death, injuries, dislocation and damage, the plan has not been updated to take this into consideration. This paper reviews historical information, recent instrumental data, and geology, and proposes an approach to earthquake contingency planning based on analysis of these factors. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Chen, A. A; Roy, A; McTavish, J; Taylor, M; Marx, L. Ti: Using SST anomalies to predict flood and drought conditions for the Caribbean. Pub:Calverton; Centre for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies; 1997. 39. Ab: Rainfall patterns in the Caribbean are investigated with particular emphasis on periods of flood and drought. An empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of the rainfall in May-June-July (MJJ), one of the two rainy seasons, reveals a significant component having periodicity similar to that of El Nino. Statistical and graphical analyses confirm that the heaviest MJJ rainfall occurs in the year following an El Nino event. Numerical experiments, using the Centre for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies (COLA) general circulation model and observed sea surface temperature (SST) boundary conditions, confirm a connection between the Pacific and Caribbean SST anomalies and the MJJ precipitation. Statistical and EOF analyses also suggest a link between Climate Prediction Center NINO3 and NINO4 SST and the Caribbean SST anomaly. Results of an investigation of the Caribbean wind stress patterns could be a manifestation of an El Nino type signal, but other explanations are possible. The various results indicate that SST measurements might be employed as a predictor for Caribbean flood and drought conditions. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1865 Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness. Mitigation Planning and Research Department. Ti: Catalogue of major incidents and disasters for 1559 - 1996. Pub: Kingston; Office of Disaster Preparedness; 1997. 50. Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management.
Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management.; Mitigation Planning & Research Division. Ti: Damage assessment report flooding: parish of St. Ann for the period November - December 1995 . Pub: Kingston; Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management; 1997. 11. Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management.
Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management., Mitigation Planning & Research Division. Ti: Damage assessment report flooding: parish of St. James for the period November - December 1995. So: Kingston; Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management., 1997. 17. Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management.
Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management.; Mitigation Planning & Research Division. Ti: Damage assessment report, flooding: parish of Trelawny for the November -December 1995. So: Kingston; Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management., 1997. 8. Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management.
Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management., Mitigation Planning & Research Division. Ti: Damage assessment report: parish of Clarendon for the period May - October 1995. So: Kingston; Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management.; 1997. 32. Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management.
Au: Jamaica. Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management.; Mitigation Planning & Research Division. Ti: Vulnerability assessment and recommendations: Nightingale Grove St. Catherine. Pub: Kingston; Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management.; 1997. 37. Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management.
Au: McElroy, Jerome L; de Albuquerque, Klaus. Ti: Community and the NGO initiatives in coastal conservation: lessons from Antigua and Barbuda. So: Caribbean Geography; 8(1):18-31, Mar. 1997. Ab: Like other small Caribbean micro-states, Antigua-Barbuda has heavily promoted tourism to modernise its former colonial sugar economy. Three decades of free market growth, however, suggest the island's tourism path is non-sustainable. Unbridled development of large-scale infrastructure and foreign financed hotel-marina resorts along delicate coastlines has caused lost of wetlands, endemic species, and pre-Columbian settlement sites, and spawned illegal sand mining, beach erosion and near shore pollution. these coastal stresses have continued despite protective legislation, either ignored or unenforced, and the conservation effort of local citizens and non-government organizations. Four case studies of instances of irreversible environmental damage are reviewed. Results indicate a sharp public policy reversal is warranted to sustain coastal assets for future commercial (tourists) and recreational (resident) value. This shift toward a more sustainable path is needed for three reasons: (1) the current context of heavy external debt and limited resources available for restoring past damage, (2) the governments pervasive control of coastal resource use and its minimal success in diversification, and (3) the gradual maturation of Antigua towards becoming a high-density mass tourism destination where crowding, asset loss, and declining visitor satisfaction are more the rule than the exception. The direction for change involves comprehensive planning, environmental education, training, and monitoring in participatory decision-making. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1872 Au: de Graff, Jerome V. Ti: Evaluating the sustainable development of the Kingston watersheds in Jamaica, 1980-93. So: Caribbean Geography; 8(1):46-56, Mar.1997. Ab: An evaluation study is carried out of development activity undertaken in the watershed around Kingston in the period 1983-93. These watersheds are not only important for agriculture but for Kingston’s water supply. An attempt is made to include the effects of erosion control measures on the water supply in this evaluation. The actual implementation of two projects is compared with three hypothetical alternatives. Step-by-step the major effects of the alternative activities are analyzed: the cost, the effects on foreign exchange earnings, the effects on land use and soil erosion and the resulting effect on river discharge, reservoir storage and water supply to Kingston. Unfortunately not enough hard data were available to apply a quantitative evaluation method. Using a qualitative method called 'Regime Analysis' it was found that for farmers, agriculture and planning agencies, the activities actually executed, scored better than the three alternatives. However, for consumers and water supply organizations, the option with strong emphasis on erosion control scored higher. It is concluded that in watersheds with important functions for both the rural and urban population more attention should be paid to the monitoring of the various effects of the project activities and regular government programmes alike. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1873 Au: Robertson, Richard E. A; Lynch, Lloyd L; Latchman, Joan L. Ti: Volcano surveillance and hazard mitigation in the Eastern Caribbean. So: Caribbean Geography; 8(1):1-16, Mar.1997. Ab: This paper begins with the general introduction to the volcanic geology of the Eastern Caribbean and then outline the main elements involved in volcanic hazard assessment. It traces the historical development and current surveillance of the Eastern Caribbean volcanoes, examines the nature of the volcanic hazards and volcanic crisis in the region and focuses briefly on eruptions in the twentieth century. Finally, the question of eruption forecasting and eruptive probability is discussed. The authors contend that volcano monitoring should form a part of an overall strategy designed to better cope with the hazards of volcanic activity in the region. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1874 Au: Pan American Health Organization. Ti: Caribbean and Latin American countries discuss chemical accidents. So: Disasters; (69):5, Apr. 1997. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Ti: Internet and disaster and epidemic management: all passengers aboard! So: Disasters; (69):1+, Apr. 1997. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1876 Ti: PAHO/IDNDR disaster documentation center expanding. So: Disasters; (69):2, Apr. 1997. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1877 Au: Carby, Barbara E. Ti: West Indies: university host disaster course. So: Disasters; (69):4, Apr. 1997. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management, Mitigation Planning & Research Division. Ti: Damage assessment report: parish of Portland for the period September 1995 - February 1996. So: Kingston; Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management.; Apr. 1997. 50. Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management.
Au: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management., Mitigation Planning & Research Division. Ti: Damage assessment report: parish of St. Thomas for the period September - October 1997. So: Kingston; Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management.; Apr. 1997. 13. Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management.
Ti: Discover what's new from CRID. So: Disasters; (70):4, Jul. 1997. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1881 Au: Pan American Health Organization. Ti: Dominican Republic: news from the national mitigation committee. So: Disasters; (70):2, Jul. 1997. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Valdes, Helena Molin. Ti: IDNDR announces theme of next world day. So: Disasters; (70):5, Jul. 1997. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Pan American Health Organization. Ti: New disaster office in the Dominican Republic. So: Disasters; (70):4, Jul. 1997. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Acosta, Edgardo . Ti: Recent disasters in the region: Montserrat, Mexico, Venezuela. So: Disasters; (70):3, Jul.1997. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Spiller, David A; Losos, Jonathan B; Schoener, Thomas W. Ti: Impact of a catastrophic hurricane on island populations. So: Science; 281(5377):695-7, 31 Jul. 1998. Ab: Lizard and spider populations were censured immediately before and after Hurricane Lili on islands differentially affected by the storm surge. The results support three general propositions. First, the larger organisms, lizards, are more resistant to the immediate impact of moderate disturbance, whereas the more prolific spiders recover faster. Second, extinction risk is related to population size when disturbance is moderate but not when it is catastrophic. Third, after catastrophic disturbance, the recovery rate among different types of organisms is related to dispersal ability. The absence of the poorer dispersers, lizards, from many suitable islands is probably the result of long-lasting effects of catastrophes. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1886 Au: Young, Simon R. Ti: Monitoring on Montserrat: the course of an eruption. So: Astronomy & Geophysics; 39(2):2.18-2.21, Apr. 1998. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Madramootoo, C. A; Dodds, G. G; Norville Peter. Ti: Sustainable hillside farming systems for the Eastern Caribbean. So: West Indian Journal of Engineering; 21(1):1-9, Jul. 1998. Ab: Soil erosion on tropical hillside lands is an increasing problem. Traditional subsistence farming practices of shifting cultivation, especially without soil and water conservation measures are unsustainable. Agronomic and physical measures to reduce soil erosion and render hillside agriculture sustainable are outlined. A case study in Saint Lucia showed that terraced, strip-cropped and contour-drained hillside plots had low rates of soil loss, with the terraced plot showing the least soil loss. However, the terraced plot showed the lowest overall crop yield due to soil disturbance during construction and the smaller land areas available for planting. An economic analysis of construction and maintenance costs indicates that expensive bench terraces are beyond the means of most small farmers, and that government support or incentives are needed for implementation of these techniques. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1888 Au: International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction. Ti: The large hydrometeorological disasters. So: Stop Disasters; 34(2):5-11, 1998. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Gaudru, Henry. Ti: West Indies dangerous volcanoes: the Soufriere Hills in Montserrat. So: Stop Disasters; 34(2):17-8, 1998. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Feralta Martín, Alba María. Ti: Ciclo hidrológico y el medio ambiente. Pub: Ciudad de La Habana; s.n; 1998. 15. Co: Congreso Interamericano del Medio Ambiente, 5; Ciudad de La Habana, 17-20 Nov. 1998. Lo: Cuba, Latin Amercian Centre for Disaster Medicine. ID: 1891 Au: Jamaica. Jamaica Bureau of Standards. Ti: Jamaican standard specification for standard hollow concrete blocks. So: Kingston; Jamaica Bureau of Standards; 1998. 17. Lo: Jamaica, National Library of Jamaica.
Au: Trombley, Robert B. Ti: An improved statistical, long-range, volcano eruption forecasting programme, "eruption". So: In: Donovan, Stephen K. ed; Mitchell, Simon F. ed. Proceedings of the Fifteenth Caribbean Geological Conference (Abstracts). Proceedings of the Fifteenth Caribbean Geological Conference. Kingston, University of the West Indies (Mona). Department of Geography and Geology, 1998. 95. Co: 15th Caribbean Geological Conference; Kingston, 29, Jun. – 2, Jul. 1998. Ab: Forecasting the time, place, and character of a volcanic eruption is one of the major goals of volcanology. It is also one of the most challenging goals to achieve. The current goal is forecasting long-range volcanic eruptions, and the precept of this, is to provide the best possible long-range forecasts based on the geologic history of the volcanoes under study, as well as the day-to-day vital signs of the volcanoes in terms of surface deformation, micro-earthquakes, and gas emissions. "Eruption" performs analysis on current available volcano eruption data from both historical and current available eruption and measurement data. It produces three forecasts, a statistically projected next eruption year, the next forecasted beginning eruption year with a greater than 50 percent probability of eruption occurrence and finally, the next forecasted beginning eruption year with a greater than 95 percent probability of eruption occurrence. This software engineering package has been under development since 1989. Since the incorporation of new and improved algorithms in late 1996, the overall results of the ability to forecast by "Eruption" has yielded a significantly higher and more reliable accuracy rate. Thus, this paper re-examines the entire forecasting endeavour. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Sen, Gautam; Maurrasse, Florentin; Gold, Mitchell. Ti: Double whammy? evidence from volcanogenic and meteorite breccia layers in Haiti. So: In: Donovan, Stephen K. ed; Mitchell, Simon F. ed. Proceedings of the Fifteenth Caribbean Geological Conference. Kingston, University of the West Indies (Mona). Department of Geography and Geology 1998. 94. Co: 15th Caribbean Geological Conference; Kingston, 29, Jun. – 2, Jul. 1998. Ab: As we reported earlier (Maurrasse & Sen, 1991), Science, 252:1690-1693), a tektite layer (-55 cm thick, henceforth referred to as Layer T) containing shocked quartz grains marks the K/T boundary in Beloc area of Haiti. Here we report a newly discovered, 90 cm thick clastic layer (henceforth referred to as Layer V) from Platoon Piton, near Beloc. Spatial correlation indicates that Layer V lies about 7 m below Layer T. The fossiliferous marls, containing foraminifera and nannofossils, that occur above and below Layer V indicate the A. mayaroensis zone. Petrographically, Layer V is composed of angular volcanic rock fragments (andesitic) and isolated euhedral amphibole phenocrysts that are typical of andisitic lavas. In the field, distinct cross-stratification and lenses occur throughout this layer, indicating transportation by fluids. We interpret this layer as being a volcanaogenic breccia that has been reworked, probably in the deep marine environment. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Wiggins Grandison, Margaret D. Ti: Observations on Jamaican seismicity: 1988-1996. So: In: Donovan, Stephen K. ed; Mitchell, Simon F. ed. Proceedings of the 15th Caribbean Geological Conference (Abstracts). Kingston, University of the West Indies (Mona). Department of Geography and Geology ,1998. 95. Co: 15th Caribbean Geological Conference; Kingston, 29, Jun. – 2, Jul. 1998. Ab: In late 1987, the Earthquake Unit at Mona came into being at agency responsible for operating the Jamaica Seismograph Network (JSN). The Central Recording Systems were changed from analogue FM tape to PC based acquisition and processing of data. The last six years, 1990-1996, have proven to be the most consistent years of operation of the JSN. As the JSN passed into yet another era of change and modernization, accomplished in 1997, it became necessary to summarize the data captured during the period of operation of the Soufriere system in Jamaica. An examination of local seismicity was undertaken for the nine years from 1988 to 1996. The studied area lies between latitudes 17.5o and 19.0o N and longitudes 75.5o and 79.0o W. It includes the island of Jamaica and roughly 50 km offshore from the coastline. For this work, earthquakes falling within these limits are referred to as 'local'. The author conducted the following analyses: the completeness of the catalogue, relocation of well recorded events, focal mechanisms, of teleseismically recorded felt events, epicentral distributions and focal depth profiles. These enabled conclusions to be made about the future of Jamaican seismicity and the relationship to local faults. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Robertson, Richard E. A; Jackson, Trevor A; Scott, Peter W. Ti: Petrology of volcanic rocks in Southern St. Vincent, West Indies. So: In: Donovan, Stephen K. ed; Mitchell, Simon F. ed. Proceedings of the 15th Caribbean Geological Conference (Abstracts). Kingston, University of the West Indies (Mona). Department of Geography and Geology , 1998. 91. Co: 15th Caribbean Geological Conference; Kingston, 29, Jun – 2, Jul. 1998. Ab: St. Vincent is composed of a series of north-south-trending stratovolcanic centres (Mt. St. Andrew, Grand Bonhomme, Unnamed Peak, Richmond-Mt. Brisbane Centre and Soufriere Volcano), which show a northward migration with age. The centres are composed of a succession of lava flows and pyroclastic deposits. A large portion of the island is mantled by well-bedded, pyroclastic fall deposits, produced by eruptions of the Soufriere volcano during the late Pleistocene. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Knight, J. C; Scott, J. P; Grierson, L. H. Ti: The Devil's Woodyard Mud Vulcano of Trinidad: chemistry and mineralogy. So: In: Donovan, Stephen K. ed; Mitchell, Simon F. ed. Proceedings of the 15th Caribbean Geological Conference (Abstracts). Kingston, University of the West Indies (Mona). Department of Geography and Geology , 1998. 84. Co: 15th Caribbean Geological Conference; Kingston, 29, Jun. – 2, Jul. 1998. Ab: Analytically, little is documented about the ejecta of mud volcanoes of Trinidad. Consequently, the chemistry and mineralogy of the mud effused at the Devil's Woodyard, Trinidad's largest mud volcano prior to the Piparo eruption in early 1997, have been investigated. In addition, X-ray diffractometry (XRD) has been used to characterize the exotics (fragments of rocks, small boulders, pebbles, etc.) ejected along with the mud. In terms of oxides content, analytical chemical methods revealed that the mud contains some 54 percent Si02, 18 percent AI 2 03 and 6 percent Fe2 O3 as the major oxides. Similarly, while the free alumina content was found to be 3.9 percent, the soluble sulphate, soluble phosphate and organic matter content amounted to 0.60, 0.15 and 2.0 percent respectively. Mineralogically, XRD and differential thermal analysis (DTA) showed the grey, fine-particle size, high plasticity mud to be essentially a kaolinitic clay incorporating some quartz, mica, potash feldspar and calcite. Finally, XRD shows that the major exotics ejected may be grouped as quartz species, calcite species, siderite (Fe CO3), conglomeratic mudstones and lignitic organics. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Jackson, Trevor A; Scott, Peter W. Ti: The paleogene volcanic rocks of Cuba and Jamaica: similarities and differences. So: In: Donovan, Stephen K. ed; Mitchell, Simon F. ed. Proceedings of the Fifteenth Caribbean Geological Conference (Abstracts). Kingston, University of the West Indies (Mona). Department of Geography and Geology 1998. 83. Co: 15th Caribbean Geological Conference; Kingston, 29, Jun.- 2, Jul. 1998. Ab: Paleogene volcanic rocks are exposed in eastern Cuba in the Sierra Maestra Mountain Range, and in eastern Jamaica in the Wagwater Belt of the Port Royal Mountain Range. In Cuba, the volcanic rocks are contained within the El Cobre Group and comprise basalts, basaltic andesites, andesites and dacites, some of which have been hydrothermally altered. In Jamaica, the volcanic rocks form part of the Wagwater Group and are distinctly bimodal in composition with basalts and dacites being the dominant rock types. Metasomatism is also evident in these rocks which have altered to spilites and quartz keratophyres. The volcanic rocks of El Cobre show tholeiitic and calcalkaline characteristics typical of an island arc assemblage. In the Wagwater Group only the dacites are calcalkaline, whereas the basalts are described as tholeitic rift-related basalts (RRB). The absence of RRB in the Paleogene island arc of Cuba implies that the evolution of the arc-back-arc system in Cuba was different to that of Jamaica. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency Ti: OECS hospital disaster preparedness project. So: Caribbean Disaster News; 2: 15, Jan – Jun. 1993 Lo: Jamaica, Manchester Parish Library.
Au: Environmental Resources Management (ERM). Ti: Waste disposal strategy for St. Lucia: final strategy report. Pub: Castries; St. Lucia Solid Waste Management Authority (St. Lucia Solid Waste Management.); 1998. Lo: St, Lucia, St. Lucia Solid Waste Management.
Au: Pan American Health Organization. Ti: Caribbean mass casualty management training continues. So: Disasters; (71):5, Jan. 1998. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Pan American Health Organization. Ti: Crisis management on the internet: a snapshot of progress in the region. So: Disasters; (71):1, 7, Jan. 1998. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Pan American Health Organization. Ti: MCDU focuses on Latin America and the Caribbean. So: Disasters; (71):3, Jan. 1998. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Pan American Health Organization. Ti: Up coming meeting of Caribbean disaster coordinators. So: Disasters; (71):5, Jan. 1998. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Pan American Health Organization. Ti: Caribbean MCM instructors' training to be held in Barbados. So: Disasters; (72):4, Apr. 1998. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Pan American Health Organization. Ti: El Nino: a snapshot of the region. So: Disasters; (72):5, Apr. 1998. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Pan American Health Organization. Ti: Health university and disaster management. So: Disasters; (72):1, 7, Apr. 1998. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Pan American Health Organization. Ti: Tradewinds '98. So: Disasters; (72):4, Apr. 1998. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Pan American Health Organization. Ti: Airport stimulation exercises underway in the Caribbean. So: Disasters; (73):5, Jul. 1998. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Pan American Health Organization. Ti: Less paper and more bytes? let the reader decide!. So: Disasters; (73):1, 7, Jul. 1998. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Pan American Health Organization. Ti: Red Cross launches Caribbean website. So: Disasters; (73):5, Jul. 1998. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Pan American Health Organization. Ti: A closer look at Hurricanes Georges and Mitch. So: Disasters; (74):1, Oct. 1998. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Pan American Health Organization. Ti: Hospital safety: a collective responsibility. So: Disasters; (74):1, 7, Oct. 1998. Ab: Preventing disaster-related damages in hospitals and other infrastructure is not only the responsibility of technical health agencies such as PAHO/WHO. The dimensions of the problems are so great that they also require the focused attention and collaboration of international leading agencies. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library. ID: 1913 Au: Pan American Health Organization. Ti: Hurricane season '98: a double blow from George and Mitch. So: Disasters; (74):5, Oct. 1998. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Pan American Health Organization. Ti: SUMA aerves disaster victims in the Caribbean and in Mexico. So: Disasters; (74):4, Oct. 1998. Pr: PAHO/WHO. Supply Management Project. Ab: SUMA, the humanitarian relief supply system, was mobilized in two emergencies in the Region to assist in classifying and sorting post-disaster aid and increase the efficiency with which supplies are received and distributed to the affected populations. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Rosa Pina, Arbelio de la; Paéz Pardo, Alicia; Delgado Toranzo, María Felix. Ti: Enfrentamiento de los desastres naturales y biológicos por el servicio veternario. Pub: Ciego de Avila; s.n; 1998. 16. Co: Forum Provincial de Ciencia y Técnica, 12; Ciego de Avila, 27 Oct. 1998. Ab: Con el objetivo de conocer las causas de mortalidad que en las condiciones nuestras pueden ser afectados por dos tipos de desastres, el natural y el de origen biológico realizamos este trabajo. Los desastres naturales provocados por inundaciones, huracanes, terremotos, sequías y erupciones volcánicas, ocasionan severas perturbaciones del medio ambiente, que excede la capacidad de respuesta de una zona o región determinada. En cambio los desastres de origen humano abarcan las relaciones políticas, sociales y culturales entre los países establecidos por el propio hombre incluso el sabotaje y la guerra, las ocasionan lamentablemente serios daños. Se demostró mediante el método de la matríz tridimensional, se logra obtener de una forma rápida y eficaz la forma de actuar ante un proceso de cualquier tipo y la solución del mismo en un período corto de tiempo. Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Disaster Medicine.
Au: Rosa Pina, Arbelio de la; Paéz Pardo, Alicia; Delgado Toranzo, María Felix. Ti: Enfrentamiento de los desastres naturales y biológicos por el servicio veternario. Pub: Ciego de Avila; s.n; 1998. 16. Co: Forum Provincial de Ciencia y Técnica, 12; Ciego de Avila, 27 Oct. 1998. Ab: Con el objetivo de conocer las causas de mortalidad que en las condiciones nuestras pueden ser afectados por dos tipos de desastres, el natural y el de origen biológico realizamos este trabajo. Los desastres naturales provocados por inundaciones, huracanes, terremotos, sequías y erupciones volc nicas, ocasionan severas perturbaciones del medio ambiente, que excede la capacidad de respuesta de una zona o región determinada. En cambio los desastres de origen humano abarcan las relaciones pol¡ticas, sociales y culturales entre los pa¡ses establecidos por el propio hombre incluso el sabotaje y la guerra, las ocasionan lamentablemente serios daños. Se demostró mediante el m‚todo de la matríz tridimensional, se logra obtener de una forma r pida y eficaz la forma de actuar ante un proceso de cualquier tipo y la solución del mismo en un período corto de tiempo. Lo: Cuba, Latin American Centre for Disaster Medicine.
Au: Barbados. Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. Ti: CDM for the Caribbean Region. So: Caribbean Disaster News; (12):12, Dec 1998. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Barbados. Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. Ti: DFID/UK supports EOC training. So: Caribbean Disaster News; (12):3-4, Dec.1998. Lo: Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Barbados. Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. Ti: Enhancing disaster preparedness for schools, broadcast services and communities. So: Caribbean Disaster News; (12):4, Dec.1998. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Barbados. Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. Ti: FAO building capacity in the agricultural sectors of the Eastern Caribbean. So: Caribbean Disaster News; (12):11, Dec 1998. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Barbados. Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. Ti: Montserrat volcanic emergency update. So: Caribbean Disaster News; (12):6-8, Dec.1998. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Barbados. Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. Ti: Mud volcanoes in the Caribbean. So: Caribbean Disaster News; (12):5, Dec.1998. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Barbados. Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency Ti: New relief supply management software. So: Caribbean Disaster News; (12):3, Dec.1998. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Ahmad, Rafi. Ti: Landslide-related fractures and coseismic fractures: observations from Jamaica. So: In: Donovan, Stephen K. ed; Mitchell, Simon F. ed. Proceedings of the Fifteenth Caribbean Geological Conference (Abstracts). Kingston, University of the West Indies (Mona). Department of Geography and Geology , 1998. 72. Co: 15th Caribbean Geological Conference; Kingston, 29, Jun. – 2, Jul..1998. Ab: The M 5-4 (duration magnitude) Jamaica earthquake of 13th January, 1993, triggered landslides within a 300 km2 area of eastern Jamaica. Most of these were shallow slope failures confined to the weathered bedrock and soils. The other type of surface deformation features mapped were fissures and fractures which were apparently unrelated to slope failures. Landslides and fractures have also been reported for the earthquakes of 1692 and 1907. However, it is not always possible to discriminate between the fractures related to landslides and tectonic displacements, especially earthquake fault ruptures. The objective of this paper is to document and describe the field evidence that may be used in the discrimination of tectonic and landslide-related fractures using Jamaica data. Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Barbados. Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency. Ti: A regional approach to disaster management So: International strategy for disaster reduction; (15): 1999. 28, Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Jamaica. Caribbean Disaster Information Network Ti: The Caribbean Disaster Information Network (CARDIN) So: International strategy for disaster reduction; (15): 1999. 33, Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Costa Rica. Regional Disaster Information Centre for Latin American and the Caribbean Ti: Regional Disaster Information Centre for Latin American and the Caribbean ( CRID) So: International strategy for disaster reduction; (15): 1999. 32, Lo: UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Barbados. Caribbean Disaster and Emergency Response Agency Ti: Disaster awareness for schools : a resource guide for Caribbean teachers So: Barbados; CDERA : 2000. 28. Lo: Barbados, Caribbean Disaster Emergency Response Agency, UWI, Mona, Science Library.
Au: Carby, Barbara Ti: Developing a disaster prevention strategy in Jamaica So: In: Natural disaster management: a presentation to commemorate the International Decade for natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR), Jon Ingleton ed., UK: Tudor Rose Holdings Ltd, 1999 174- 5. Lo: Trinidad and Tobago, National Emergency Management Agency.
Pub:Trinidad and Tobago; Office of the Prime Minister. 1966. 27. Lo: Trinidad and Tobago, National Emergency Management Agency.
Au: Carby, Barbara Ti: Role of science in the evolution of disaster management. So: In: Cetto, A. M. ed. Science for the tenty-first century, a new commitment. Proceedings of the world conference on science. UNESCO, 2000.390-3 Lo: Jamaica, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management; UWI, Mona, Science Library
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