Ebbinghaus said this because psychology’s questions go back to the ancients

Considered the father of American psychiatry, Rush was an enthusiastic advocate of blood-letting, almost killing himself with it to cure Yellow fever

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Considered the father of American psychiatry, Rush was an enthusiastic advocate of blood-letting, almost killing himself with it to cure Yellow fever.

Considered the father of American psychiatry, Rush was an enthusiastic advocate of blood-letting, almost killing himself with it to cure Yellow fever.
Blood-letting was used to “quiet the blood” because excessive stimulation and excitement produced mental & physical illness (Brunonian system).
Rush founded a wing for treatment of the insane at Pennsylvania Hospital in Philadelpha.

His belief that the insane deserved treatment was admirable but his methods were barbaric.

Pinel is considered the father of scientific psychiatry.

Pinel is considered the father of scientific psychiatry.
His personal experience with a manic-depressive friend motivated his interest in studying insanity.

Daquin asserted that insanity was a disease that could be understand by the methods of natural science.

Encouraged by Daquin, Pinel urged humane treatment of the insane, not beatings or ridicule.
As a result he was appointed Director of the Bicetre asylum in Paris (1793).

In a cautious and systematic way, Pinel began removing chains from the inmates.

In a cautious and systematic way, Pinel began removing chains from the inmates.

8 years earlier, Chiarugi outlawed chains in Italy.
One of the men released later saved Pinel from a lynch mob accusing him of poisoning wells & harboring rich.
He used the minimal restraint necessary for safety.

Deaths fell from 50-60% to about 12% after he implemented his changes.
In 1795 he was appointed head of La Salpetriere, the women’s asylum with 8000 inmates.

The Persecution and Assassination of Jean-Paul Marat as Performed by the Inmates at the Asylum of Charenton under the Direction of the Marquis de Sade (by Peter Weiss).

The Persecution and Assassination of Jean-Paul Marat as Performed by the Inmates at the Asylum of Charenton under the Direction of the Marquis de Sade (by Peter Weiss).
The characters in a play depicting the French Revolution (15 years earlier) are played by inmates with various symptoms. The audience is nobility, as was common. The time is 1794.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DcJKxrDczSo&feature=related

Pinel was asked to examine a boy of 12 who had walked out of the woods of Saint-Serin in Aveyron.

Pinel was asked to examine a boy of 12 who had walked out of the woods of Saint-Serin in Aveyron.
The boy seemed to bear upon a philosophical controversy – Rousseau said a natural life is best because civilization corrupts (noble savage idea).
One of Pinel’s assistants, Itard, tried to educate him.

He was able to teach him basic self-care but not to talk. He was unpredictable and violent when stressed.
His efforts suggested that retarded children from less deprived backgrounds might be helped by remediation

Guggenbuhl wondered whether cretins could be cured, especially by diet, exercise & vitamins.

Guggenbuhl wondered whether cretins could be cured, especially by diet, exercise & vitamins.

A cretin is a thyroid-deficient dwarfed individual with mental subnormality, from the French word.

His claims of success were investigated and found to be bogus – the inmates were neglected and unimproved. Guggenbuhl fled with the money.
His legacy is that hundreds of asylums for the mentally retarded were established with better results.

Tuke was a prosperous, retired Quaker gentleman.

Tuke was a prosperous, retired Quaker gentleman.
Appalled by conditions at an asylum in York and the death of a Quakeress, Tuke decided to found his own “retreat” for persons with mental disorders.
Tuke’s York retreat resembled a farm and patients and staff were both treated like family.
Thomas Scattergood visited his retreat. Inspired by his report, the Quakers founded the first private psychiatric hospital in the USA in Philadelphia.

Teaching in a prison school, Dix realized that many women who were mentally ill were being treated like criminals, but not allowed prisoners’ privileges.

Teaching in a prison school, Dix realized that many women who were mentally ill were being treated like criminals, but not allowed prisoners’ privileges.
She became an advocate, travelling from state to state and publicizing the abuses and mistreatments.
She lobbied for a land-grant bill to enable states to build mental institutions, but it was vetoed by Pierce.
During the Civil War she worked as a nurse, then lectured Queen Victoria & chided the Pope.

The first public institution opened in Williamsburg VA in 1773, part prison and part infirmary.

The first public institution opened in Williamsburg VA in 1773, part prison and part infirmary.
Many large state-run institutions were established, initially run humanely on the “retreat” model, but they were inundated with the chronically disturbed.
Disproportionately large numbers of immigrants were committed and states couldn’t cope with the ethnic and cultural differences.
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Ebbinghaus said this because psychology’s questions go back to the ancients

Considered the father of American psychiatry, Rush was an enthusiastic advocate of blood-letting, almost killing himself with it to cure Yellow fever

Considered the father of American psychiatry, Rush was an enthusiastic advocate of blood-letting, almost killing himself with it to cure Yellow fever.

Considered the father of American psychiatry, Rush was an enthusiastic advocate of blood-letting, almost killing himself with it to cure Yellow fever.

Blood-letting was used to “quiet the blood” because excessive stimulation and excitement produced mental & physical illness (Brunonian system).

Rush founded a wing for treatment of the insane at Pennsylvania Hospital in Philadelpha.

Pinel is considered the father of scientific psychiatry.

Pinel is considered the father of scientific psychiatry.

His personal experience with a manic-depressive friend motivated his interest in studying insanity.

Encouraged by Daquin, Pinel urged humane treatment of the insane, not beatings or ridicule.

As a result he was appointed Director of the Bicetre asylum in Paris (1793).

In a cautious and systematic way, Pinel began removing chains from the inmates.

In a cautious and systematic way, Pinel began removing chains from the inmates.

Deaths fell from 50-60% to about 12% after he implemented his changes.

In 1795 he was appointed head of La Salpetriere, the women’s asylum with 8000 inmates.

The Persecution and Assassination of Jean-Paul Marat as Performed by the Inmates at the Asylum of Charenton under the Direction of the Marquis de Sade (by Peter Weiss).

The Persecution and Assassination of Jean-Paul Marat as Performed by the Inmates at the Asylum of Charenton under the Direction of the Marquis de Sade (by Peter Weiss).

The characters in a play depicting the French Revolution (15 years earlier) are played by inmates with various symptoms. The audience is nobility, as was common. The time is 1794.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DcJKxrDczSo&feature=related

Pinel was asked to examine a boy of 12 who had walked out of the woods of Saint-Serin in Aveyron.

Pinel was asked to examine a boy of 12 who had walked out of the woods of Saint-Serin in Aveyron.

The boy seemed to bear upon a philosophical controversy – Rousseau said a natural life is best because civilization corrupts (noble savage idea).

One of Pinel’s assistants, Itard, tried to educate him.

Guggenbuhl wondered whether cretins could be cured, especially by diet, exercise & vitamins.

Guggenbuhl wondered whether cretins could be cured, especially by diet, exercise & vitamins.

His claims of success were investigated and found to be bogus – the inmates were neglected and unimproved. Guggenbuhl fled with the money.

His legacy is that hundreds of asylums for the mentally retarded were established with better results.

Tuke was a prosperous, retired Quaker gentleman.

Tuke was a prosperous, retired Quaker gentleman.

Appalled by conditions at an asylum in York and the death of a Quakeress, Tuke decided to found his own “retreat” for persons with mental disorders.

Tuke’s York retreat resembled a farm and patients and staff were both treated like family.

Thomas Scattergood visited his retreat. Inspired by his report, the Quakers founded the first private psychiatric hospital in the USA in Philadelphia.

Teaching in a prison school, Dix realized that many women who were mentally ill were being treated like criminals, but not allowed prisoners’ privileges.

Teaching in a prison school, Dix realized that many women who were mentally ill were being treated like criminals, but not allowed prisoners’ privileges.

She became an advocate, travelling from state to state and publicizing the abuses and mistreatments.

She lobbied for a land-grant bill to enable states to build mental institutions, but it was vetoed by Pierce.

During the Civil War she worked as a nurse, then lectured Queen Victoria & chided the Pope.

The first public institution opened in Williamsburg VA in 1773, part prison and part infirmary.

The first public institution opened in Williamsburg VA in 1773, part prison and part infirmary.

Many large state-run institutions were established, initially run humanely on the “retreat” model, but they were inundated with the chronically disturbed.

Disproportionately large numbers of immigrants were committed and states couldn’t cope with the ethnic and cultural differences.