Ebbinghaus said this because psychology’s questions go back to the ancients

Lewin had found that you can change attitudes by changing behavior, so he encouraged the AJC to challenge the college admissions quota system.

• Lewin had found that you can change attitudes by changing behavior, so he encouraged the AJC to challenge the college admissions quota system.

• A study of Ways of Handling a Bigot found that in playlets enacting bigotry, 80% of the audience wanted to see the bigot challenged, but calmly.

• Lewin died in 1947 of a heart attack, but his work continued at his institutes.

• Those more interested in applied research split off and moved to the University of Michigan.

Gestalt therapy is not really derived from Gestalt psychology.

• Gestalt therapy is not really derived from Gestalt psychology.

• Although it borrowed some terms like closure and insight (defining them differently), it is recognized to have little to do with Gestalt psychology.
• Perls admitted never reading the books of the Gestalt psychologists but dedicated a book to Wertheimer.
• Henle: “The most grotesque misunderstanding of Gestalt psychology is the notion that it has some relation to Gestalt therapy…there is nothing in common

Like psychology in general, clinical psychology is very new but its roots are ancient.

• Like psychology in general, clinical psychology is very new but its roots are ancient.

• Despite this, reforms in care of the mentally ill only occurred in the 18th century and clinical psychology was established as a subfield in 1876.

• It is now a central area of psychology, dominating the American Psychological Association.

• Clinical psychologist is what most people think of when they hear the word psychologist.

Despite enlightened views by Greeks such as Hippocrates & Antiphon, and Roman Galen, the mentally ill were generally equated with sin & evil.

• Despite enlightened views by Greeks such as Hippocrates & Antiphon, and Roman Galen, the mentally ill were generally equated with sin & evil.

• Throughout the dark and middle ages they were regarded as subhuman and subjected to barbaric abuses and scapegoated.

• Mental illness was frequently equated with Witchcraft and possession by the devil.
• Joan of Arc may be an example, since she reported hearing voices (hallucinations), first a mystic then a witch

Malleus Maleficarum (Hammer of the Witches) published late 1480’s said witchcraft arises from unsatisfied lust, which is never satisfied in women.

• Malleus Maleficarum (Hammer of the Witches) published late 1480’s said witchcraft arises from unsatisfied lust, which is never satisfied in women.

• This “textbook of the Inquisition” was an incitement to torture & mass murder, 200-500,000, 85% female.
• It was written by two Dominican priests (Sprenger & Kramer) & used with the full authority of the Pope.

• 3 main sections: (1) proof witches exist, (2) descriptions of characteristics & actions of witches, (3) how to examine a witch to ensure full confession.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yp_l5ntikaU

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yp_l5ntikaU

In the 12th century, spreading moral corruption (illegal marriage, extraordinary wealth) among the clergy drove people to heretical movements.

• In the 12th century, spreading moral corruption (illegal marriage, extraordinary wealth) among the clergy drove people to heretical movements.

• The Inquisition’s main focus was to eradicate these and later sects (Cathars, Albigensians, Waldensians, etc.)

• The Malleus Haereticorum (Hammer of Heretics) described how to identify and punish heretics.

• Dominicans were the inquisitors and the methods of torture were similar, but heretics had more rights and were not killed by the church (only by locals).

Witch trials were common in New England after they had largely died out in Europe.

• Witch trials were common in New England after they had largely died out in Europe.

• The Salem witch trials began when 8 young girls developed symptoms diagnosed as bewitchment.

• 19 people were hanged, 1 was pressed with stones.
• The following Spring, the governor released the remaining 150 accused people. Laws were rewritten making witchcraft difficult to prosecute.
• Ergot poisoning may have produced their symptoms or perhaps hysteria.

Many retarded and mentally ill people were treated as criminals and locked up in “fools’ towers, fool’s homes, or lunatic asylums.

• Many retarded and mentally ill people were treated as criminals and locked up in “fools’ towers, fool’s homes, or lunatic asylums.

• In 1130 a convent became the first mental institution.
• In 1543 Henry VIII chartered the Hospital of St. Mary of Bethlehem, known as “Old Bedlam” (uproar).
• Bars, manacles and chains were common in asylums in England and the USA.
• Inmates were starved in baskets over the dining table.
• Bizarre cold water & whirling cures and blood-letting.