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Sources and notes to Table 2.1, Figure 2.3 and
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- Sources and notes to Table 2.1, Figure 2.3 and Figure 2.4
- Table IV.1: Women managers in German companies (%) Company Top Middle Lower Management Management Management
Sources and notes to Table 2.1, Figure 2.3 and Figure 2.4 The data for this Table took considerable time and effort to compile, highlighting the problem of lack of comparable, harmonised data sets. Sources Australia AVCC, DEETYA Austria Ministry for Science and Transport Belgium VLIR/CreF Statistical Services (Fl/Fr) Canada Royal Society of Canada (Sophie Nina) Denmark Ministry of Research and IT (Bertel Ståhle) Finland Ministry of Education KOTA base France Ministry of Education Germany Federal Office for Statistics Greece Central Statistics Office Iceland Statistics Iceland Ireland Higher Education Authority Israel Israeli Council of Higher Education Italy National Institute for Population Research, Rome New Zealand Ministry of Research, Science and Technology Netherlands Ministry of Education, Culture and Science Norway Statistics Norway Portugal Observatorio das Ciências e das Tecnologias Spain Mujeres en cifras Sweden Statistics Sweden Switzerland Federal Office for Statistics Turkey State Institute of Statistics, Prime Ministry UK HESA USA American Association of University Professors Categories Australia A above Senior Lect, B Senior Lect (level c), C Lect (level b) Austria A Ord Prof, B Ausserord Prof, C Univ Assistant Belgium AGewoon hoogleraar, /Prof ordinaire, B Hoogleraar/Prof, C Hoofddocent/Chargé de Cours (Fl/Fr) Canada A Prof Denmark A Prof, B Lektor/Dozent (assoc prof), C Adjunkt (Ass Prof) Finland A Prof France A Prof, B Maitres de conférence Germany A C4 Prof, B C3 Prof, C Assistants Greece A Full Prof, B Assoc Prof, C Assist Prof Iceland A Prof, B Assoc Prof, C Lecturer Ireland A Full Prof, B Assoc Prof, C Senior Lecturer Israel A Prof, B Assoc Prof, C Senior Lecturer Italy A Prof, B Assoc Prof, C Assist Prof Netherlands A Prof, B Senior Lecturer, C Lecturer New Zealand A Prof, B Reader/Assoc Prof, C Senior Lecturer Norway A Prof B Assoc prof, C Assist Prof Portugal A Full Prof, B Assoc Prof, C Assist Prof Spain A Full Prof, (Catedráticios) B Assoc Prof (Titulares) Asst Prof (Associados) Appendix III 137 Science policies in the European Union Notes: • Statistics relate to different years, since it takes some countries longer than others to process data for a given year. Data collected between April 1998 and December 1999. • Some countries – in particular Scandinavia and Turkey – were able to provide data instantly. For some countries, the gender statistics were not collated but were provided on a ‘per university’ basis. Belgium keeps two separate sets of statistics, one for the French (Fr) and one for the Flemish (Fi) community, each with its own categories. • In Finland the rank of associate Professor was abolished in August 1998. All associate professors were made full professors although salaries currently remain at the associate professor levels. • In Ireland statistics include the 7universities and 2 teacher training colleges and National College of Art and Design. • The figures from Portugal refer only to academic staff performing R and D activities and do not include those only involved with teaching duties. • Note that type of institution may be important. For example, numbers given for the US apply only to ‘doctoral level institutions’ (those awarding more than 30 doctorates per year). If comprehensive, general baccalaureate and two year colleges are also included, the percentage of full professors rises to 18.7%, associate professors to 34.6% and assistant professors to 46.8% Sweden A Prof, B rest of faculty, C lecturer Switzerland A Prof (I+II), B Other Dozenten (II-VI), C WM + ASS (VII-X) Turkey A Prof, B Assoc Prof, C Assist Prof UK A Prof, B Senior Lecturer + Reader, C Lecturer USA A Prof, B Assoc Prof, C Assist Prof 138 Appendix IV Women at the top levels in industry There are enormous difficulties in finding good gender disaggregated statistics, data or even general information on this topic. It is essential to provide them at both the Member State and the EU levels so as to be able to measure women’s access to all levels of management. Information compiled by the European Commission on TSME projects (Technology, Stimulation and Measures for small and medium sized enterprises) show that the percentage of proposal directors who are women is around 6%, while the percentage of project partners is around 24%. The percentage of female managers/presidents of Spanish companies taking part in research projects is around 4%. In 1995, a study of 57 large companies in Germany showed that on the average only 1.2% of managers at the top level were female. It showed further that the percentages were very different for different companies. The percentages of managers that were female (top, middle and lower levels) were as shown in Table A1: Table IV.1: Women managers in German companies (%) Company Top Middle Lower Management Management Management Audi 0 0 23 Volkswagen 0 3 6 Bayer 1 4 11 Siemens 1 4 10 IBM 2 5 6 Hoechst 3 5 7 Lufthansa 4 10 30 Philips 5 12 * Hewlett-Packard 5 12 * Unilever 7 10 14 Source: Bischoff 1996, 1999 * indicates no data available 139 Yüklə 5,04 Kb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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