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That search depressed from attempts at mastering the domains
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of criminalistics by other sciences such as
forensic science, then criminology and criminal law.
Recent years in the Corps of criminalistics disciplines, preventive Criminalistics developed and is still
developing. It is a science that develops access and rules, applying special methods and means of action ante
delictum, i.e preventing the commission of crimes. If we classify this science from view of reflective
processes then we can meet classification of heuristic and syllogistic criminalistic sciences. The first
classification refers to the science that studies the processes and actions that are primarily in the powers of
the police. It approaches the crime as a real phenomenon and that approach is called discovery of the crime
and its perpetrator. In
the realization of its tasks, it uses the resources
of criminalistics record,
recording, with
the life experience and the information that came from natural and technical sciences, statistics, experiments,
etc. The term "syllogistic criminalistic sciences" refers to science that deals with the criminal proceedings.
That is a science that approaches the crime as a real phenomenon, but also as a matter of criminal procedure
and criminal law. In the study of the work and procedure, it starts from the likelihood that a particular
individual person committed a certain crime and will consider the most appropriate manner in which the
proceedings and evidence are performed. The use of means in syllogistic criminalistic sciences is limited by
procedural rules. "In the process of investigation of crimes (and in criminal cases) criminalistic science
served with special criminalistic methods that are developed within the framework of its theories”
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.
Criminalistic science refers to crime as a general subject of scientific knowledge. It is a domain, i.e
common specific subject of knowledge
of the criminal sciences, but also other sciences (legal and non-legal),
dealing with the legal rules, social conditions, organization and methods of suppression of criminal actions.
In addition, the basic and specific task of criminalistics is the reconstruction of past events that indicate the
existence of an offense. Such an approach assumes security and unhampered flow of operational (informal)
and criminal procedures of the criminal investigation and legal events or developments or wrongdoing. The
subject of Criminalistics is the procedure
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. It is necessary to exclude subjectivity, volunteering and
arbitrariness as a precondition for ensuring objectivity.
In the theoretical discussions of criminalistics it is concluded that its tasks are: a) examination and the
method of carrying out the crime, b) determining the method of detection (finding), collection, legal and real
(true) fixing the facts and evidence that indicates that a crime was committed, c) identification and referral of
how based on the collected evidence that is determined to catch the perpetrator, d) assisting in finding the
most expedient methods in the implementation of operational and procedural actions and e) reference to
purposeful means
of crime prevention
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.
It is undisputed that there are significant achievements of criminalistic researchers in defining the
subject and tasks of criminalistics science. But we should not neglect the fact that the topics and content are
also an increasing preoccupation of other sciences, especially legal and lately of military science. The first
more or less turns to issues that are traditionally linked to the dominance of the experts in this area and the
preference of the normative side, and the second is due to the reduction in the scope of engagement in social
reality, not only because of the changed status of this profession and structure in the Euro-Atlantic
integration, but also in considering the way of the military recruitment as a professional structure. The
introduction of the term judicial police and the existence of judicial police, will undoubtedly raise the issue
of the use of the term "police" because in the scope of military police are members of the "uniformed" police,
members of the customs administration (we should expect them to be defined as "customs police), and the
methods are applied in criminal legal action to warn, disclosure and clarification of the crimes, and they are also used
in judicial review of punitive and primarily cases of civil works. The most important branches of modern criminalistics is the general
theory of criminalistics, forensics, law enforcement tactics and methods of detection and prevention of certain types
of crimes; 2)
outdated name is: science of criminal law.
(http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/lower/15756 [accessed: 10.04.2011];
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Every science or discipline has its own specific domain and subject. With the term "domain" or "scope", usually means field,
scope, area, territory or region of someone‟s actions, or validity of any norm, but in political terms it marks territory or "country"
under the authority or jurisdiction of the any state. By analogy on that, the "area of science" is also defined. The scope of scientific
disciplines is defined with the following two elements: a) with the degree of monopoly of right to act scientifically, ie
to explore the
respective area and b) with the degree of validity or recognition of knowledge of the relevant science of interpretation and
explanation of phenomena in the respective domains.
Ilo Trajkovski :
Sociology - what is how it is used? Matica Macedonian; Skopje; 2000, p. 119;
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Elmedin Muratbegović:
Contemporary criminalistics theories; hrestomatija texts; Faculty of criminalistics, criminology and
security studies, Saraevo, pg. 13;
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Ibidem... pg. 13;
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Ibidem... pg.14: