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Pyramid (triangle) in a circle on the back of the U.S. dollar bill:

http://www.unique-design.net/library/myth/image.html


Asian:

http://www.sparksdojo.com

http://www.longchenfoundation.org/aboutSymbol.html
holistic medicine:

http://www.rmholistics.com/blog/?page_id=2&action=lostpassword


Cemetery of Montparnasse in Paris:

http://www.flickr.com/photos/lwr/217532490/


Magic symbolism (Solomon's Triangle):

http://www.thelemapedia.org/images/2/2a/Goetia2.jpg

http://www.answers.com/topic/magic-circle-2
Health Occupations Students of America

http://www.david-ho.com/HOSA/About.html


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++++Message 5746. . . . . . . . . . . . Pensions to GSO Personnel

From: M.J. Johnson . . . . . . . . . . . . 6/1/2009 7:28:00 AM


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Does anyone have any historical background regarding the institution of

pensions for GSO workers? I'm trying to determine if the pensions that GSO

employees & members of the Board of Trustees are eligible for came into

existence out a Conference advisory action, or if it was part of the

original charter, or just exactly what the history around it was...
Many thanks,
- M.J.
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++++Message 5747. . . . . . . . . . . . Re: How did AA in Southern U.S. in

40''s and 50''s deal with Jim Crow?

From: Jon Markle . . . . . . . . . . . . 5/30/2009 4:26:00 PM
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Anecdotal: early on in my sobriety, in Wilmington NC, (about 25 years

ago), I remember remarking that there were no black people in AA

meetings. I was informed "they" had their own meetings. I found out

they met just down the street where from where I was living at the

time, in "shanty town" in my sobriety shack! I visited the meeting

and it was a bit strange, the looks.


During the same time period, I got involved with starting the area's

only gay group. Our first round up, we invited a black gay man to be

our featured guest speaker. I believe he had over 30 years at the

time. And his story was something of the AA history of both black

people and gay people in the area, from NYC on down the Eastern/

southeastern Seaboard. I wish I had a copy of that talk. I know now

how remarkable his journey was.
As I remember it, it was a struggle that I do not think I could have

made. I probably would not have been able to stay sober under those

conditions, feeling that sort of persecution in the rooms, let alone

in the life outside the rooms.


AA has some very ugly history, as does America in general. And we

still have a long way to go.


I'm reminded that unless we learn from our past, we are doomed to

repeat it.


Hugs for the trudge.
Jon (Raleigh)

9/9/82
- - - -


From: Michael Oates

(mso2941 at yahoo.com)
This is great information. About ten years

ago the Pope issued an apology for the

Catholic Church's actions in dealing with

segregation. Has AA ever offered an amends

for its behavior during this period of Americana?
- - - -
PHOTOS OF BROWNIE'S, the AA meeting set up

by one of the great early black leaders in

northern Indiana AA, and some of the people

from Chicago and South Bend who have been

supporting this historic site:
http://hindsfoot.org/ndigsym.html
http://www.geocities.com/glennccc@sbcglobal.net/digsym01.html
http://www.geocities.com/glennccc@sbcglobal.net/digsym02.html
TRANSCRIPTION OF RECORDINGS OF BLACK LEADERS

SPEAKING (early Chicago and South Bend AA):


http://hindsfoot.org/nblack1.html
http://hindsfoot.org/Nblack2.html
http://hindsfoot.org/Nblack3.html
THE WISDOM OF GOSHEN BILL (another early

black leader from northern Indiana AA):


http://hindsfoot.org/nkosc3gb.html
- - - -
From: (aadavidi at yahoo.com)
I was told by a member raised in coastal South Carolina about the experience

of

an



A.A. group in the Myrtle Beach, S.C. area during the Jim Crow days. It seems

a

black



man came to this group seeking help and being an alcoholic they knew they

were


obliged to do what they could for him. Of course the local laws forbid his

entering the same building with the white folks. They held a group

conscience,

prayed on the matter and someone came up with the idea of placing a chair in

the

doorway for the black man to sit in during the meetings. This way the law



was

not violated because he was not exactly included nor was our 3rd tradition

violated because he was not exactly excluded.
- - - -
From: Sober186@aol.com (Sober186 at aol.com)
About 15 or 20 years ago I listened to a panel of Old Timers at a local

gathering which included an Afrcan American. He related that he had been in

the

Air Force based in a southern state, and after several drunken escapades,



his

commanding officer ordered him to attend AA meetings. There were no "Colored

Only" meetings.
The community or state had laws which made it illegal for blacks to attend

any


gathering with whites, but he showed up at the local AA meeting anyway. The

members of the local AA group decided they could place a chair for lthe

African

American in the hallway just outside the door of their meeting room. The



members

then arranged their own chairs so that the black man was included in the

circle,

even though he would not technically be in the same room in which the



meeting

for whites was held.


Jim L.

Columbus, Ohio


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++++Message 5748. . . . . . . . . . . . Re: Early AA meeting formats

From: azmikefitz . . . . . . . . . . . . 5/30/2009 7:42:00 PM


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As some of the group members are aware recently we launched a new website

that


hosts many early A.A. talks, www.recoveryspeakers.org, one talk that will be

of

interest related to the early times is "Annv of St Thomas" Sister Ignatia.



This

recording has several of the members from the Kings School original group

speaking at the beginning of the meeting, followed by a great talk by Bill

W.

and a very short talk by Sister Ignatia, her last recorded talk.


Bob E. sober since 1936 talks a bit about going upstairs at T Henry's house

in

Akron.


Please note that this site is now available for free downloading but does

need


support. In our first week we have averaged 100 visitors per day who have

been


enjoying thousands of downloaded talks.
The comments we have received have been wonderful and we are most grateful

for


any support.
Sincerely,
Mike F
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++++Message 5749. . . . . . . . . . . . Re: How did AA in Southern U.S. in

40''s and 50''s deal with Jim Crow?

From: johnlawlee . . . . . . . . . . . . 6/1/2009 7:48:00 PM
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--- In AAHistoryLovers@yahoogroups.com,

"tomvlll" wrote:

>

> How did AA deal with the Jim Crow laws (the



> rigid segregation laws) of that period? Did

> they have segregated meetings?

>
The Jim Crow laws were limited to public

accomodations, so they would have had little

to do with AA. Private gatherings were not

restricted by the Jim Crow laws.


About the only time the Jim Crow laws would

have come into play would have been where

an AA meeting was held in a public facility,

such as a school, courthouse, train station,

restaurant or town hall. Blacks would have

had to use designated restrooms and drinking

fountains in those buildings.
I suspect Bill Wilson's concern in the period

1940-64 was to not involve AA in an area of

public controversy. Bill was about as

colorblind and inclusive as they came, but

he was very sensitive on public perception

of the Fellowship.


John Lee

Pittsburgh


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++++Message 5750. . . . . . . . . . . . First black AA group was in

Washington D.C.

From: jenny andrews . . . . . . . . . . . . 6/2/2009 4:14:00 AM
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Did Jim's Story first appear in the Big Book

in the second edition? ("This physician, one

of the earliest members of AA's first black

group, tells of how freedom came as he worked

among his people.")
The group was in Washington: "... we met at

Ella G.'s. It was Charlie G. and three or four

others. That was the first meeting of a

colored group in AA as far as I know ...


Charlie, my sponsor was white, and when we

got our group started, we got help from other

white groups in Washington. They came, many

of them, and stuck by us and told us how to

hold meetings ..."
Anyone know the date, it was after 1940?
Jim was born in Virginia. He wrote, "I don't

think I suffered too much as far as the

racial situation was concerned because I

was born into it and knew nothing other

than that. A man (sic) wasn't actually

mistreated, though if he was, he could only

resent it. He could do nothing about it...

On the other hand, I got quite a different

picture farther south..."
Laurie A.
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++++Message 5751. . . . . . . . . . . . First black AA group was in

Washington D.C. -- or Chicago?

From: Glenn Chesnut . . . . . . . . . . . . 6/2/2009 6:32:00 PM
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WASHINGTON, D.C.
Jim's Story in the Big Book (Jim Scott MD,

Washington, DC). Some regard this as having

been the first black AA group: April 1945.
Big Book, 2nd edition #471, 3rd edition #483,

4th edition 232


http://www.a-1associates.com/westbalto/HISTORY_PAGE/Authors.htm
(or http://silkworth.net/aabiography/storyauthors.html )
This account says (but without giving a date):
"When repairing an electric outlet for a

friend, to earn some drinking money, he met

Ella G., whom he had known years before but

didn't recognize. Ella arranged for Jim to

meet 'Charlie G.' who became his sponsor.

Charlie was a white man. The following Sunday

he met with Ella, Charlie, and three or four

others at Ella's house. 'That was the first

meeting of a colored group in A.A.,' so far

as Jim knew."


"Jim spoke at the 'God as We Understand Him'

meeting held Sunday morning at the International

Convention in St. Louis in 1955. Bill wrote in

'A.A. Comes of Age:'"


"'Deep silence fell as Dr. Jim S., the A.A.

speaker, told of his life experience and the

serious drinking that led to the crises which

had brought about his spiritual awakening.

He re-enacted for us his own struggle to start

the very first group among Negroes, his own

people. Aided by a tireless and eager wife,

he had turned his home into a combined hospital

and A.A. meeting place, free to all. He told

how early failure had finally been transformed

under God's grace into amazing success, we who

listened realized that A.A., not only could

cross seas and mountains and boundaries of

language and nation but could surmount obstacles

of race and creed as well.'"
Bob Pearson, Manuscript of A.A. World History,

page 44, gives a date:


"The Washington Colored Group was founded in

April '45 by Jimmy S. It later changed its

name to the Cosmopolitan Group to convey the

fact that it was 'a group for all people, all

races; it doesn't matter who you are.'"

____________________________________


CHICAGO:
Chicago however appears to have had a black AA

group started a month earlier, in March 1945:


http://hindsfoot.org/Nblack3.html
GLENN: Now what year did you come into A.A.

in Chicago?


BILL WILLIAMS: I think it 'uz, umn ....
JIMMY H.: Forty-five .... It was December '45.

Cause [Earl] Redmond came in in March, you told

me ....
BILL WILLIAMS: But anyway, I know Redmond

came in in March, and I came in that following

December.
GLENN: So when you came to South Bend [in 1948]

you had about four or five years sobriety behind

you? You had a good program by then.
BILL WILLIAMS: Oh yeah, I was pretty solid. I

knew by that time that it was going to work . . . .


GLENN: Now when you came into A.A. in Chicago,

in 1945, did you hit trouble there too? Was

there a color bar .... there in Chicago in

1945? I don't know anything about Chicago.


BILL WILLIAMS: Oh yeah! Yeah, it was the same

thing. It's still prejudiced, even now [1999].


GLENN: How did you deal with that? In Chicago,

in 1945?
BILL WILLIAMS: Well, I was born in Texas.


RAYMOND: He's a cowboy! [Laughter]

____________________________________


So what further information can our AA historians

from Washington D.C. and Chicago give us? I

know that in Chicago, the Evans Avenue group

still meets, although they have moved to a new

location. I have visited their new building,

and there were photographs of Earl Redmond

and so on, and there also appeared to be a

lot of other material there of great archival

significance.
Glenn C.
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++++Message 5752. . . . . . . . . . . . Re: How did AA in Southern U.S. in

40''s and 50''s deal with Jim Crow?

From: Tom Hickcox . . . . . . . . . . . . 6/2/2009 4:54:00 PM
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At 18:48 6/1/2009, johnlawlee wrote:
>--- In AAHistoryLovers@yahoogroups.com,

>"tomvlll" wrote:

> >

> > How did AA deal with the Jim Crow laws (the



> > rigid segregation laws) of that period? Did

> > they have segregated meetings?

> >

>

>The Jim Crow laws were limited to public



>accomodations, so they would have had little

>to do with AA. Private gatherings were not

>restricted by the Jim Crow laws.

>

>About the only time the Jim Crow laws would



>have come into play would have been where

>an AA meeting was held in a public facility,

>such as a school, courthouse, train station,

>restaurant or town hall. Blacks would have

>had to use designated restrooms and drinking

>fountains in those buildings.

>

>I suspect Bill Wilson's concern in the period



>1940-64 was to not involve AA in an area of

>public controversy. Bill was about as

>colorblind and inclusive as they came, but

>he was very sensitive on public perception

>of the Fellowship.
I would say this oversimplifies it quite a bit.
I do remember in the early '60s the police

pulling blacks out of white churches and whites

out of black churches in the south without any

request from the congregations. Separation

meant separation. Bus stations, train stations,

airports, movie theaters, sports stadia were

segregated.
I moved to Shreveport, Louisiana, in the fall

of 1946, and, except for several years in the

middle '60s, have lived in Louisiana since

and observed segregation up close. I

attended Centenary College in Shreveport,

class of 1961. By the time I graduated, some

of my fellow students were making contacts in

the black community. While there was no

reaction by the college administration, there

was from the community and politicians.

Waking up in the morning and finding garbage

on your lawn was the first sign you had

disturbed the powers that were.
While private gatherings may not have been

unlawful, they were often noticed and there

likely were consequences.
Tommy H in Baton Rouge
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++++Message 5753. . . . . . . . . . . . Re: First black AA group was in

Washington D.C. -- or Chicago?

From: Cindy Miller . . . . . . . . . . . . 6/5/2009 11:18:00 AM
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On Sunday, March 22, 2009, members of my HomeGroup rented a van and

we drove to Washington, DC - where the Reeves Club was holding its'

"4th Annual AA Old-Timers Speakers Jamm"

This event was also a celebration of the Cosmopolitan Club, and every

hour, the group read portions of "Jim's Story".

The event was absolutely outstanding--each speaker had over 20 years

sobriety--the event lasted from noon- 7pm and also included dinner.
History of the Cosmopolitan Club (as it was printed in the programs):
In April of 1945, Mrs. Ella B. Gant, a non-alcoholic arranged a

meeting between Charlie G., a white man and sober member of A.A., And

Jim S., a black man and an alcoholic who was still drinking. Mrs.

Gant had known Charlie when he was drinking and he had told her about

how AA had helped him. Upon hearing his story, she arranged for the

two to meet.

Out of that meeting was born the Washington Colored Group, the first

Black AA group. The group survived with the help of Charlie G., Bill

A., and Chase H. of the Old Central Group; DC's pioneer group of

Alcoholics Anonymous. Stories of our group have been handed down from

one generation of recovering drunks to the next. One story is that

sometimes there would be no one at the meetings, except Jim and his

wife, Vi S.

Jim S., in his story, reveals that "They came, many of them (white

AA's) and stuck by us and told us how to hold meetings, and how to do

12 Step work.

Most of the 12 Step work was done at a new alcoholic clinic located

at 7th & P Street, N.W. It was at this clinic that the group met

Julius S., whose sobriety dates from 1945 and who is the sole

survivor of that small band of recovering people.

The groups' first meeting were held in the home of Mrs. Gant. They

then met several times in the home of Mrs. Gant's mother.

The Group of approximately 15 men & women, with sobriety ranging from

a few weeks to one year, grew to nearly 30 members in the second year.

Jim S. began to seek space for a meeting. He approached several

ministers who praised what he was doing, but they did not offer

space. He then approached the Anthony Bowen YMCA at 12th & S Streets,

N.W. The "Y" rented a room to the group for $2.00 per night.

In this second year, the group's name was changed from the Washington

Colored Group to the Cosmopolitan Group of Alcoholics Anonymous--an

indicator that all suffering alcoholics were welcome regardless of

race. That group tradition remains in effect today.

Often, a YMCA employee would come to the meeting room door, and

beckon two or more members, then leave the room, on their way to

"Carry the Message"

These pioneers began to take their message to other cities:

Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York City and Fredericksburg, VA.

Members of the group also included traveling sales men, with all the

energy of a crusaders, who took the message up and down the East

Coast as well.

In 1947, the House District Committee of the 80th Congress held the

first Federal hearing dealing with alcoholism and the need for

rehabilitation. At the hearing, Julius S., of our group testified

that he had not had a drink for 18 months! The Traditions, one of

which deals with Anonymity were confirmed by the A.A. Convention in

1950.


In 1950, the DC Police Court allowed AA into the courtroom where

meetings were held on Saturday mornings. Bob C., a probation officer,

began sending probationers to the Cosmopolitan Group. At a later

date, attendance at the weekly AA meeting became one of the

conditions of release. It was at the 1955 AA Convention, held in St.

Louis, that our founder, Jim S., became the first black person to

address a national AA Convention.

In 1970 or '71, the group moved to the Petworth Church located on

Grant Circle of Northwest Washington, and from there in 1975 to the

Peoples' Congregational Church.

Currently, we meet at the Emory Methodist Church every Monday and

Friday now at 8:oopm. We've been here since April, 1993. Jim S.'s

story reveals theat in the first fev month s of his sobriety, he

gathered up alcoholics in an attempt to save the world. He wanted to

give this new "something" to everyone who had a problem. Well, his

story concludes, "We didn't save the world, but we did manage to help

some individuals."
The Cosmopolitan Group would like to acknowledge the research and

time put forth by Dicker S. in compiling this paper.


Best,

Cindy Miller

Sunday Morning Group at the 4021 Clubhouse

Philadelphia, PA

-cm

`·.¸¸.·´¯`·.¸.·´¯`·...¸><((((º>


- - - -
On Jun 2, 2009, at 6:32 PM, Glenn Chesnut wrote:
>

>

> WASHINGTON, D.C.



>

> Jim's Story in the Big Book (Jim Scott MD,

> Washington, DC). Some regard this as having

> been the first black AA group: April 1945.

>

> Big Book, 2nd edition #471, 3rd edition #483,



> 4th edition 232

>

> http://www.a-1associates.com/westbalto/HISTORY_PAGE/Authors.htm



>

> (or http://silkworth.net/aabiography/storyauthors.html )

>

> This account says (but without giving a date):



>

> "When repairing an electric outlet for a

> friend, to earn some drinking money, he met

> Ella G., whom he had known years before but

> didn't recognize. Ella arranged for Jim to

> meet 'Charlie G.' who became his sponsor.

> Charlie was a white man. The following Sunday

> he met with Ella, Charlie, and three or four

> others at Ella's house. 'That was the first

> meeting of a colored group in A.A.,' so far

> as Jim knew."

>

> "Jim spoke at the 'God as We Understand Him'



> meeting held Sunday morning at the International

> Convention in St. Louis in 1955. Bill wrote in


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