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On the 18th march, Duma began its activities. On the 17th March of
1917, in Baku local authority of Temporary government - Executive
Commitee of Public Organizations was established. It was also created
in other cities and gezas of Azerbaijan.
After the victory of revolution, whole national political parties,
including "Musavat" party began their activities openly. During this
time, with the support of Nasib bey Yusifbeyov, Shafi bey Rustambe-
yov and Hasan bey Aghayev was organized National Party of Turkic
Federalists in Ganja. In this time, Azerbaijan wanted territorial
autonomy under patronage of Russia. This party declared that they are
supporter of this idea.
Beside the political parties, there were established muslim
national councils. Among the national councils in South Caucasus the
most influential was Baku Muslim National Council. On the 27th
March of 1917, there was selected Temporary Executive Commitee of
Muslim Council which consisted of national bourgeoisie. The cairman
of commite became M.Hajinski and his deputy became M.A.Rasul-
zade.
National-liberation movement in Northern Azerbaijan. After the
February revolution, there was a new stage of national-liberation
movement in Azerbaijan (2). The main features of this stage:
1) more mass character of
national movement
2) lead of movement by national intellectuals
3) unification of all stratum of population
around the national
statehood idea.
On the 15-20th april of 1917, was passed a congress of Caucasus
Muslims with a slogan "unification of Russian muslims" in Baku. In
the basis of this congress federalist united with Musavat and was
called Turkic Federalist Musavat Party in the 2nd half of june. Unlike
the tatar bourgeoisie, federalist didn't want the national-cultural
autonomy, but wanted the territorial autonomy.
On the first May of 1917, was passed a congress of Common
russian muslims in building which was built by Shamsi Asadullayev in
Moscow. There were invited approcimately 600 representatives from
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Russian turkic-muslims, including 100 women. There were discussed
problems such as national and local autonomy, education, culture,
political organizations and etc. Like in previous congresses, A.M.Top-
chubashov and M.A.Rasulzade made attention especially to the
turkism, nationalism, independence. The representative of tatar
bourgeoisie - Ahmad Salikov notified in his lecture that Russia must
be stay as unitary state and turkic-muslim nations will be given only
cultural autonomy. But in the voting, offer of M.A.Rasulzade about
national territorial autonomy was accepted with majority of votes
(from 717 votes - 446 votes).
In March of 1917, there was established "Adalet" organization
of bolsheviks in Baku. This organization served to the revolutionary
work among the workers which came from south part of Azerbaijan to
the north and to create relations with revolutionary-democratic forces
of Iran.
In August of 1917, with the initiative of bolsheviks there was
established "Birlik" organization. It was organized for managed
political job trainings in oil fields of Baku and industrial enterprises
among the muslim workers which came from provinces of Volga.
This organization was led by Hanifa Teregulov. Like "Hummat" and
"Adalet" it also was attached to Baku Commite. These 3
organizations didn't imagine the political independence of Azerbaijan
without Russia.
On the 26th October of 1917, there took place the first congress of
Musavat party. In the opening ceremony M.A.Rasulzade said that
independent Azerbaijan state will be established.
In 1917 there were 3 directions in strrugle for national-libera-
tion in Azerbaijan:
1) Against the colonial policy of Temporary government about
the
subdued nations
2) Against the Soviets which propagated "Unit and indivisible"
idea of Russian empire
3) To prevent the genocide of azerbaijanis by armenians.
The policy of Temporary government in Northern Azerbaijan
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didn't prove its value. This government was overthrown in Petrograd
on the 25
th
October of 1917. On the 25-26th October after the 2
nd
Soviets congress in Smolny, there was founded soviet dictatorship and
Vladimir Lenin became head of this dictatorship.
After this, there was began the struggle for independence in
Azerbaijan and it came to conclusion in may with the restoration of
national statehood.
BİBLİOGRAPHY
1.
Azərbaycan tarixi. Ali məktəblər üçün mühazirələr kursu. II hissə
(XIX – XXI əsrin əvvəli). Dos.A.Ə.Rzayevin redaktəsi ilə. Bakı,
Bakı Universitetinin nəşriyyatı, 2010. – 545s.
2.
Azərbaycan tarixi. Yeddi cilddə.V cild (1900-1920-ci illər). Məsul
redaktorlar: Mahmud İsmayılov, Nigar Maksvell. Bakı, Elm, 2008. –
696s.
3.
Tofiq Nəcəfli, Bilal Dədəyev.
Azərbaycan tarixi. Azərbaycan Res-
publikasında təhsil alan xarici tələbələr üçün dərs vəsaiti. Bakı,
Qafqaz Universiteti, 2013. – 287s.
4. İradə Nuriyeva.
Azərbaycan tarixi. Ən qədim zamanlardan – XXI
əsrin əvvəllərinədək. Bakı,
Mütərcim, 2015. – 336s.
5. Şəmistan Nəzirli.
Azərbaycan generalları. Bakı, Gənclik, 1991. –
208s.
6. Nazim Qəhrəmanov.
I Dünya Müharibəsində Qafqaz cəbhəsində
erməni amili. Bakı, E.L.Nəşriyyat
və Poliqrafiya Şirkəti MMC, 2008.
– 296 s.
Ayan KƏRİMOVA
Bakı Dövlət Universiteti,
Tarix fakültəsinin II kurs tələbəsi
ŞİMALİ AZƏRBAYCAN
I DÜNYA MÜHARİBƏSİ İLLƏRİNDƏ
Məqalədə I Dünya müharibəsi illərində Rusiya imperiyasının
tərkib hissəsi olan Şimali Azərbaycanda vəziyyətdən bəhs olunur.
Göstərilir ki, müharibə iştirakçısı olan dövlətlər Azərbaycan nefti uğ-
runda mübarizə Almaniya və İngiltərə inhisarları arasında əsas rəqa-