Лекция курсы lecture 1 The Problems of the Lecture

ЖӘҲӘН ӘДЕБИЯТЫ ПӘНИНЕН ЛЕКЦИЯ КУРСЫ


Lecture 1
The Problems of the Lecture

1. 
   Mythology and the world literature.
   
2. 
   Mythological topics, characters (the main divinities, heroes).
   
3. 
   The connection of mythology with philosophy, aesthetics, religion
   
4. 
   Greek Myths about descend of earth and world.
   

Study the vocabulary
Hellenistic culture
Mount Olympus
Mythology
Gods
1. Mythology and the world Literature

Mythology is the ideology of primitive communal system. It apperead in that period of time when Greek people lived in primitive way of life and all the world seemed them as one great common society, which had its own community. The ancient Greek people considered that the nature had its own secrets, the nature was stronger than the man and the whole life was in its hand. They worshipped Nature.They imagined the sky, the sun, the moon, the earth and the sea, to be ruled by beings like themselves, but much more powerful. So, in such way were apperead the images of gods such as The Sun-Hellios, the Moon -Selenium, the Sunset - Eos and others. They also believed in many nameless spirits who lived in the rivers, lakes, mountains and thick forests. And above the earth there was a mountain Olympus where lived the father of all Gods-Zeus. God-Hephestus built all the palaces in Olympus. God of Art and Science Apollo took part in all the parties in Olympus. Near Zeus sat his wife, a terrible and jealous God of family and marriage Hera and her daughter Pallas-Athena, a warlike God. However, there were 12 chief gods.

1. Zeus - the ruler of all the gods.
2. Hera - his wife, goddess of family.
3. Hermes - the god of news.
4. Artemis - the goddess of shooting.
5. Demeter - the goddess of fertile.
6. Dionysus - the god of wine and joyfulness.
7. Apollo - god of light art and music.
8. Athens - god of wisdom.
9. Aphrodite - goddes of love and beauty.
10. Hefest - god of smith.
11. Hellios - god of sun.
12. Poseydon - god of sea.
13. Nika - god of victory.
In Greek mythology Gods took man’s appereances, man’s forms gradually. It depended on the economic and cultural development of the society. In the epochs, when a man was dependent on the nature, when he was afraid of it, Gods seemed them as something terrible or as beasts. Fe. The Gods of that time such as Ñhimera, Medusa Viper, The hydra of Lernea, Sphinx. Chimera had a body of a goat and a dragon and always brougth the death. At the back According to Greek mythology, the gods mingled with humans, helping or pumshing them as they saw fit. The gods were worshiped at home and in public places, as well as in temples. The temple was built as a home for the god whosw statue it house. Religious ceremonies included sacrifices, prayers, plays and even athletic coutests. Animals such as bulls, goats, pigs and sheep were offered.
1. Ancient myths are the most valuable property of the humanity, the fruit of its poetic imagination, the thoughts about the essence of being, about justice, about nature. The ancient Greecs were great strytellios. One of the best-known Greek storytellers is Aesop [i:zp], a alave who lived in the sixth century BC. He is most famous for his fables. A fable is a story that teaches a moral, or a practical lesson. In fables, animals usually talk like humans. Gertainly, nowadays myths will not open anything new to the people of today, even a pupil of a secondary school of our time is more educated than the ancient wise man-because the pupil knows that the coming of spring is explained by cycle of revolution of the earth around the Sun and not because that Pluto lets Proserpina to go up to the Earth and visit her mother. But anyway, myths preserve their artistic force, image, their wonderful freshness and high simple - heartedness. Myths and legends, created by people, constanty praise kindness, bravity, freedom, selfsacrificing, honour and faithfulness.
The ocean of ancient myths, telling about legendary Gods and heroes is unlimited.