“Maliyyə inkluzivliyi: nə? necə? Azərbaycan iqtisadiyyatı timsalında.”
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Effective activities led to increase in company’s income. According to results of 2016, income of M-PESA was 41.4 billion Kenyan shilling (~$398 million 8
M-PESA broadened the spectrum of its services as it gained users’ sympathy. The system offers not only money transfers, but also micro-credit and savings services. The product, named M-Shwari succeeded in broadening its user base as a small amount lending tool. According to the data of 2015, although the product has 5.8 million active customers, only 2% of the lending portfolio includes non-performing loans (NPLs) 9 . Average amount of issued loans was $12 10 (2013). Minimum amount to be obtained on this product is 50 ($0.48), while maximum amount is 1 million (~$9,623) 11 Kenyan shilling. What makes the product more advantageous over bank loans:
no application, questionnaire, or similar formatted documents required;
no commissioning fees for transactions;
no limits on cash withdrawals;
8 On the basis of the official exchange rate as at 01 August 2017 (1 $ = 103.9194 KHSH) 9
https://www.safaricom.co.ke/images/Downloads/Resources_Downloads/annual_report_2015.pdf 10 http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21574520-safaricom-widens-its-banking-services- payments-savings-and-loans-it
11 On the basis of the official exchange rate as at 01 August 2017 (1 $ = 103.9194 KHSH)
1,041,522 4,143,043 10,232,835 13,798,695 15,000,000 17,000,000 19,300,000 22,000,000 24,800,000 - 5,000,000 10,000,000 15,000,000 20,000,000 25,000,000 30,000,000 2007 2008
2009 2010
2011 2012
2013 2014
2015 2016
Number of users [18]
account 12 or vice versa. The US Massachussetts Technology Institute and the Georgetown University estimated that M-PESA saved 194,000 families (2% of total households) from sharp poverty rate 13 in Kenya since 2008. M-PESA is being introduced in Tansania, Afganistan and India. Measuring financial inclusion Financial inclusion faces a number of challenges in a globalizing world. According to the World Bank, the number of unbanked adults in a global scale currently is 2 billion 14 . Moreover, financial services on 59% of unbanked low income population of the world over 18 years old fail to meet their needs and ensure easy access to finance. The challenges also include: (i) location of financial service providers far from the areas the segment in question is dwelling; (ii) they do not have necessary documents; (iii) no confidence in financial service providers. In addition to the above, according to World Bank analyses, over 200 million micro, small and medium sized entreprises (MSME) have no access to critical fianncial resources to develop their businesses.
International organizations, and developed countries take considerable actions to eliminate the specified problems. For instance, the goal of the ‘Universal Financial Access (UFA) by 2020’ project initiated by the World Bank is that adults over 18 years old over the world have access to transaction accounts and own electronic facilities to store money, send and receive payments by 2020. Every country economy has features inherent to its drivers, labor market, geographical location and other parameters. Naturally, financial inclusion also varies across economies. In this context, international organizations announce initiatives to elaborate framework to measure financial inclusion.
12 “Safaricom” cooperates only with the Commercial Bank of Africa. 13
https://www.safaricom.co.ke/mpesa_timeline/timeline.html 14
http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/financialinclusion/overview
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G20 parameters. For instance, the Global Partnership for Financial Inclusion initiated in the summit of G20 held in Seoul, the capital of South Korea in 2010 15 .
set in the Las Cabos summit (Mexico) in 2012: № Category Indicators 1.
Formally banked adults 16
% of adults with an account at a formal financial institution Number of depositors per 1,000 adults or number of deposit accounts per 1,000 adults 2.
regulated institutions % of adults with at least 1 (one) loan outstanding from
a regulated financial institution Number of borrowers per 1,000 adults or number of outstanding loans per 1,000 adults 3.
Formally banked enterprises % of SMEs with an account at a formal financial institution Number of SMEs with deposit accounts/number of deposit accounts or number of SME depositors/number of depositors 4.
Enterprises with outstanding loan or line of credit at regulated institutions % of SMEs with outstanding loan or line of credit Number
of SMEs
with outstanding loans/number of outstanding loans or number of outstanding loans to
SMEs/number of
outstanding loans 5.
Points of service Number of branches per 100,000 adults
The following year the basic set of indicators in question was extended to total 24 indicators to improve, deepen and enlarge the scope of financial inclusion landscape at the Russian G20 Presidency. The extended set of indicators allows to
15
http://www.gpfi.org/about-gpfi
16 According to the World Bank methodology persons over 15 years old. Yüklə 1,31 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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