Microsoft Word Tezisler Tercume 2009 2010 2011. doc

Materiallar 
                                                                                                                             07 may 2011-ci il
 
 
323 
bably few people who have not complained about the bad translation of DVDs, 
therefore utmost care is needed. 
Translators must follow the rules, enlarge their cultural knowledge and outlook 
to avoid such translation mistakes. 
Thank you for your attention! 
 
CULTURAL TRANSLATION 
Ulya SHIRINZADE 
Bakı Dövlət universiteti Biologiya fakultəsi, 109b qrupu  
Elmi rəhbəri: Abbasov Abbas 
 
Culture and intercultural competence and awareness that rise out of experience 
of culture, are far more complex phenomena than it may seem to the translator. The 
more a translator is aware of complexities of differences between cultures, the better 
a translator s/he will be. It is probably right to say that there has never been a time 
when the community of translators was unaware of cultural differences and their 
significance for translation. Translation theorists have been cognizant of the problems 
attendant upon cultural knowledge and cultural differences at least since ancient Rome. 
Cultural knowledge and cultural differences have been a major focus of translator 
training and translation theory for as long as either has been in existence. The main 
concern has traditionally been with words and phrases that are so heavily and exclu-
sively grounded in one culture that they are almost impossible to translate into the 
terms – verbal or otherwise – of another. Long debate have been held over when to 
paraphrase, when to use the nearest local equivalent, when to coin a new word by 
translating literally, and when to transcribe. All these “untranslatable” cultural-bound 
words and phrases continued to fascinate translators and translation theorists. 
The first theory developed in this field was introduced by Mounin in 1963 who 
underlined the importance of the signification of a lexical item claiming that only if 
this notion is considered will the translated item fulfill its function correctly. The 
problem with this theory is that all the cultural elements do not involve just the items, 
what a translator should do in the case of cultural implications which are implied in 
the background knowledge of SL readers? 
The notion of culture is essential to considering the implications for translation 
and, despite the differences in opinion as to whether language is part of culture or 
not, the two notions of culture and language appear to be inseparable. In 1964, Nida 
discussed the problems of correspondence in translation, conferred equal importance 
to both linguistic and cultural differences between the SL and the TL and concluded 
that differences between cultures may cause more severe complications for the trans-
lator than do differences in language structure. It is further explained that parallels in 

---

«TƏRCÜMƏŞÜNASLIQ VƏ ONUN MÜASİR DÖVRDƏ ROLU»   IV Respublika tələbə elmi-praktik konfransı 
 
 
324 
culture often provide a common understanding despite significant formal shifts in the 
translation. According to him cultural implications for translation are thus of signi-
ficant importance as well as lexical concerns. 
Nida's definitions of formal and dynamic equivalence in 1964 considers cultural 
implications for translation. According to him, a "gloss translation" mostly typifies 
formal equivalence where form and content are reproduced as faithfully as possible 
and the TL reader is able to "understand as much as he can of the customs, manner of 
thought, and means of expression" of the SL context. Contrasting with this idea, 
dynamic equivalence "tries to relate the receptor to modes of behavior relevant within 
the context of his own culture" without insisting that he "understand the cultural 
patterns of the source-language context". According to him problems may vary in 
scope depending on the cultural and linguistic gap between the two (or more) lan-
guages concerned. 
It can be said that the first concept in cultural translation studies was cultural 
turn that in 1978 was presaged by the work on Polysystems and translation norms by 
Even-Zohar and in 1980 by Toury. They dismiss the linguistic kinds of theories of 
translation and refer to them as having moved from word to text as a unit but not 
beyond. They themselves go beyond language and focus on the interaction between 
translation and culture, on the way culture impacts and constraints translation and on 
the larger issues of context, history and convention. 
Therefore, the move from translation as a text to translation as culture and politics 
is what they call it a Cultural Turn in translation studies and became the ground for a 
metaphor adopted by Bassnett and Lefevere in 1990. In fact Cultural Turn is the 
metaphor adopted by Cultural Studies oriented translation theories to refer to the 
analysis of translation in its cultural, political, and ideological context. 
Key words: Culture, intercultural, translation theorists, tradition, customs 
SUMMARY 
Culture and intercultural competence and awareness that rise out of experience 
of culture, are far more complex phenomena than it may seem to the translator. The 
more a translator is aware of complexities of differences between cultures, the better 
a translator s/he will be. It is probably right to say that there has never been a time 
when the community of translators was unaware of cultural differences and their 
significance for translation. Translation theorists have been cognizant of the problems 
attendant upon cultural knowledge and cultural differences at least since ancient Rome. 
Cultural knowledge and cultural differences have been a major focus of translator 
training and translation theory for as long as either has been in existence. The main 
concern has traditionally been with words and phrases that are so heavily and exclu-
sively grounded in one culture that they are almost impossible to translate into the 
terms – verbal or otherwise – of another. Long debate have been held over when to 
paraphrase, when to use the nearest local equivalent, when to coin a new word by 

---