Microsoft Word Tezisler Tercume 2009 2010 2011. doc

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translating literally, and when to transcribe. All these “untranslatable” cultural-bound 
words and phrases continued to fascinate translators and translation theorists. 
The first theory developed in this field was introduced by Mounin in 1963 who 
underlined the importance of the signification of a lexical item claiming that only if 
this notion is considered will the translated item fulfill its function correctly. 
Nida's definitions of formal and dynamic equivalence in 1964 considers cultural 
implications for translation. 
It can be said that the first concept in cultural translation studies was cultural 
turn that in 1978 was presaged by the work on Polysystems and translation norms by 
Even-Zohar and in 1980 by Toury. 
REFERENCES: 
1.  Lefevere, André (1992). Translation History Culture. London: Routledge. 
2.  Munday, Jeremy (2001). Introducing Translation Studies. Tehran: Yalda Ghalam. 
3.  Newmark, Peter (1981). Approaches to Translation. Oxford: Pregamon Press. 
4.  Newmark, Peter (1988). A Text Book of Translation. Tehran: Adab. 
 
THE LITERARY TRANSLATION AND ITS PROBLEMS 
Kamran TALIBOV 
Baku Slavic University, translation faculty, the second course,. 
Scientific leader: Necefzade Shabnam 
 
Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by 
means of equivalent target language text. This brilliant work, “one of the first attempts 
at a large-scale charting of the field of English-language literary translation”, helps 
demonstrate the importance and scope of literary translation into English. But it goes 
much further – it helps enhance the importance of non-English-language literature, 
in an increasingly globalized world.Literary translation is one of the major specialist 
categories of translation. Literary translators translate both classical and contemporary 
works in any of the three main genres: 
• 
fiction; 
• 
drama; 
• 
poetry. 
They are also employed by the film industry to dub or subtitle films intended for 
foreign audiences.Translation of fiction is very difficult, but due to work of translators 
we can study works of ancient philosophers, myths and legends of ancient civilizations, 
heritage of the European culture, and also works of modern writers.Translators share 
a number of problems whatever the type of the text to be translated but some of the 
problems are very specific to literary translation and therefore need to be discussed 

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«TƏRCÜMƏŞÜNASLIQ VƏ ONUN MÜASİR DÖVRDƏ ROLU»   IV Respublika tələbə elmi-praktik konfransı 
 
 
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seperately.However before attempting to analyse these problems it will help to try and 
narrow down our definition of literary translation since there seems to be a certain 
amount of ambiguity in the way this rubric is used across the field of Translation 
Studies. 
A literary translator's main task is to provide the most accurate translation of the 
original work. This calls not so much for a word-for-word translation of the source 
text, as for an attempt to convey the author's original message and to evoke the ori-
ginal flavour and sentiments of the story for a foreign readership and audience. In the 
case of contemporary literary works, the translator usually works closely with the 
author. The majority of literary translators work freelance. 
In common with all translators, literary translators are required to have a very 
good knowledge of two or more languages and cultures. They are also expected to 
be experts in literature, have a flair for creative writing and be aware of existing trans-
lations of the text they are working on. 
As a rule, literary translation is performed only by the best experts in the field of 
linguistics which are capable to adapt all the coloring from one language to another, 
and thus, without having lost art value of the work of literature. To reflect in fine 
fashion an event in work of literature, the translator should be well familiar with culture 
and country history, its mentality and the period which is described in a work of li-
terature. Without such knowledge translator cannot get message of author’s idea 
across to the reader. 
Except knowledge of a foreign language, the translator should know the native 
language in perfection and to be the master of an epistolary genre. Often translations 
are performed by different writers and though, they are not freely speak foreign lan-
guage, their translations turn out competent, beautiful and easy-to-read. 
The traditional discussion of the problems of literary translation considers finding 
equivalents not just for lexis, syntax or concepts, but also for features like style, 
genre, figurative language, historical stylistic dimensions, polyvalence, connotations 
as well as denotations, cultural items and culture-specific concepts and values. The 
choices made by the translators like the decision whether to retain stylistic features 
of the source language text or whether to retain the historical stylistic dimension of 
the original become all the more important in the case of literary translation. Specific 
complexity for literary translation is carried by the settled expressions, proverbs, 
phraseological units and idiomatic turns. In its works writers often use such technique, 
and without its knowledge translation is almost impossible. Many cases when literary 
translation lost true value of the written are known. It occurred that the translator 
approached to translation word-to-word. The most known mistakes while translating 
are the following expressions: 
John the Baptist (Ioann Krestitel’) - translated as John Baptist 
Saint Virgin (Svyataya Deva) - "Sacred Virginia" or "Sacred Virgin".Literary 
translation has a great number of such expressions.Besides, it is necessary to not 

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