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Naval postgraduate school monterey, california thesis
Principles for Hostage Rescue OperationsAnathomy of Hostage Rescue2.
Principles for Hostage Rescue Operations
a. Intelligence
Intelligence operations during the hostage siege at the Olympic Village
were not employed properly. Even though the initial negotiations process was stalled
during three different occasions successfully, no effort was made by the German
authorities to exploit this advantage and utilize TECHINT or HUMINT assets during the
standoff. The German police effectively bought time but did not exploit this advantage.
They attempted to conduct an emergency-deliberate plan of action without considering
employing TECHINT means first in order to find out the basic information requirements
inside the target area. They did not know until the execution phase of the operation, that
there were eight terrorists and not five as had been assumed all along. This was a critical
failure directly attributed to a lack of intelligence efforts.
b. Surprise
The element of surprise was considered by the German police, but did not
work effectively because of the lack of intelligence about the terrorists and mediocre
operator’s skills. The German authorities understood that surprise was critical for the
safe release of the hostages; it was considered during the initial emergency assault, during
the delivery of food to the apartment, and during the planned ambush at the airfield. No
HUMINT or TECHINT was employed in the Connollystrasse apartments at the Olympic
Village to pinpoint how many hostages and terrorists were inside the room. During the
negotiations process, Manfred Schreiber, the Munich Police Commissioner, was
concerned only with ending the siege as fast as possible and not drawing out the process
to gather intelligence. The efforts of the German authorities to control the situation
throughout all the conversations with the terrorists were opportunities not exploited.
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