OLIVER JOSEPH LODGE
1851-1940
F
r o m
the point o f view o f the advancement o f natural knowledge,
the chief standards o f attainment are those o f original thought and
productive discovery based upon it. The results o f activities to
which these standards are supplied are recorded in the publications
o f scientific societies and make up the material o f specialized
history. Clear interpretation o f any part o f this rich store o f know
ledge not only directs and stimulates further enquiries, but also
extends interest in scientific endeavour and achievement. As a
pioneer explorer who added new territories to the realm o f
science, Sir Oliver Lodge will always occupy a high and honoured
place among original investigators. His contributions to the
transactions o f scientific societies, distinguished as they were and
informed by his highly original and distinctive cast o f mind,
afford, however, no adequate measure o f his inspiring influence
on the scientific w ork and thought o f his age. It is by the fruits
o f his spirit, as much as by his additions to knowledge, that he
w ould wish the memory o f his life to be cherished.
Oliver Joseph Lodge was born at Penkhull, near Stoke-upon-
Trent, on 12 June 1851. Both his grandfathers were clergymen
and schoolmasters, and Lodge’s life and interests showed that he
inherited their characteristics. O n the maternal side, the daughters
o f his grandfather, the Rev. Joseph Heath, possessed remarkable
natural ability and educational acquirements. A son o f one,
Percy Heawood, became professor o f mathematics in the
University o f Durham, and another son, Edward Heawood,
was for many years librarian to the Royal Geographical Society,
where he became an authority on cartography. Lodge’s mother
was the youngest daughter, and she, with his aunt, Charlotte
Anne Heath, were the formative influences which shaped his
early intellectual life.
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OBITUARY NOTICES
His paternal grandfather, the Rev. Oliver Lodge, was bom in
Ireland and became vicar o f Barking, in Essex, as well as head
master o f Barking School. He had twenty-five children, Lodge’s
father, Oliver, being the twenty-third. O f the sons o f the Rev.
Oliver Lodge, the eldest became a clergyman, another was
mathematical master at Lucton School, in Hertfordshire, and the
youngest was for many years headmaster o f Horncastle Grammar
School in Lincolnshire and later Canon o f Lincoln and R ector
o f Scrivelsby.
Lodge’s father, after a short period as an ‘apprentice’ to an
uncle who was a medical practitioner in London, entered a railway
office and later established a successful business as agent for clays
and other materials used in the Potteries and the Five Towns.
He was anxious that Lodge should succeed him in this business
and kept his eldest son in it for several years. During this period,
however, Lodge managed to find time to educate himself in
scientific and other subjects, and when he was twenty-two years
o f age he decided to leave business life, much against his father’s
wish. It was then that he entered University College, London,
to devote his life to science.
Lodge and his brother Alfred matriculated at the University
o f London in 1871, when they were respectively twenty and
seventeen years o f age. Tw o years later, Alfred obtained an
exhibition at Magdalen College, Oxford, and another brother,
Richard, was awarded an exhibition at Balliol College. Lodge
just missed obtaining an exhibition at St John’s College,
Cambridge, the award being made to Milnes Marshall, the
biological candidate. Alfred Lodge was elected to a Fereday
fellowship at St John’s College, Oxford, in 1876, and was for
many years professor o f pure mathematics at the Royal Indian
Engineering College, Coopers Hill. Sir Richard Lodge, the
distinguished historian, became professor o f history in the
University o f Edinburgh. The three brothers thus made good
use o f the intellectual heritage w ith which their ancestors had
endowed them.
W hen he was eight years o f age, Lodge entered N ew port
Gram m ar School, in Shropshire. An uncle by marriage was
second master at the school, and Lodge became a boarder in his
house. The school was then o f a very old-fashioned type and
the system o f education was wholly classical, w ith conditions
o f life and learning which would be regarded to-day as unsuitable
for children o f any social class. It is no wonder, therefore, that
Lodge says in his autobiography, ‘M y schooldays were undoubtedly
the most miserable part o f my life’. He was only four years at
N ew port, and then became one o f three private pupils w ith the
same relative, who had been appointed rector o f Combs, in
Suffolk. Two years later, at fourteen years o f age, he was taken
away from this tutorial instruction at Combs Rectory, and
entered his father’s business o f potters’ merchant. For the next
seven years o f his life, Lodge’s daily occupation was that o f book
keeper and travelling representative in this business.
All w ork in the school was o f the nature o f linguistic exercises
and grammatical values, good as foundations for intelligent
reading o f classical authors but uninspiring when merely
drudgery w ithout a meaning. Latin and Greek, geometry,
geography and history were used to exercise the memory, but
little more. Classical authors were never treated as literature but
as models o f composition to be learned by heart with rules o f
accidence and syntax to be applied mechanically in language
structure. At school Lodge absorbed nothing o f the spirit and
human interest o f Virgil and Homer, and his introduction to
poetry o f any kind was when a sister o f the rector at Combs
read to him and another pupil ‘The Lay o f the Last Minstrel’ and
‘The Lady o f the Lake’ which enthralled them both. W hen he
was twelve years old his aunt Anne first introduced him to
science through astronomy. By means o f a celestial globe he
learned to identify the chief constellations and the stars in them,
using a dark lantern to consult the globe at night when the sky
was clear. He was given Mitchell’s
of Heaven to read; and the
account o f the work o f pioneer astronomers in this book led him
in later years to write the amplified description contained in his
Pioneers of Science.
OLIVER JOSEPH LODGE
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