Original research article ebola and zika virus

Table 1. Diagnosis of diease: This is done by using ELISA, PCR 
Virus 
Bat Species 
Detection Method 
References 
Marburgvirus
Epomopsfranqueti 
Hypsignathusmonstrosus
Miniopterusinflatus
Rhinolophuseloquens
Rousettusaegyptiacus
Antibodies 
Antibodies 
Antibodies; PCR 
Antibodies; PCR 
Viral Isolation 
(Pourrut 
et al
., 2009) 
(Pourrut 
et al
., 2009) 
(Swanepoel 
et al
., 2007) 
(Swanepoel 
et al
., 2007; Pourrut 
et al
., 2009) 
(Swanepoel 
et al
., 2007; Towner 2009; Pourrut 
et al
., 
2009; Kuzmin
et al
., 2010) 
Lloviu virus 
Miniopterusschreibersii 
PCR; HTS 
(Negredo 
et al
., 2011) 
Reston 
ebolavirus 
Cynopterus 
sphinx 
Hipposiderospomona
Miniopterusschreibersii
Antibodies 
Antibodies 
Antibodies 
(Yuan 
et al
., 2012) 
(Yuan 
et al
., 2012) 
(Kuzmin
et al
., 2010) 
Table 2. Drug and Mode of Action 
S.No 
Drug 
Drug Type 
Mode of Action 
1.
Favipiravir(T-705) 
(FujifilmHoldings 
Corp) 
Nucleoside analogue 
– broad spectrum 
Activity against RNAviruses 
RNA chain termination 
and/or lethal mutagenesis 
1.
TKM-Ebola (Tekmira 
Pharmaceuticals Corp) 
Lipid nanoparticle 
With siRNA –Ebolavirus 
specific compound 
Gene silencing 
2.
BCX-4430 (BioCryst Pharmaceuticals) 
Nucleoside analogue 
– broad spectrum 
Activity against RNA 
Viruses 
RNA chain termination 
4. 
AVI-6002 (Sarepta Therapeutics) 
Phosporodiamidate 
Morpholinooligomer –Ebolavirus specific compound 
Gene silencing 
15737 International Journal of Development Research, Vol. 07, Issue, 10, pp.15735-15740, October, 2017

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envelope, occurs by budding through intracellular membranes. 
Viral particles are transported in cytoplasmic vesicles through 
the secretory pathway before they are released by exocytosis 
(Daep 
et al
., 2014; Leyssen 
et al
., 2000). 
Transmission 
Zika virus disease is caused by an RNA virus transmitted to 
humans by the Aedes aegypti species. Up to eighty per cent of 
infections are asymptomatic (Duffy 
et al
., 2009). Symptomatic 
infections are characterised by a self-limiting febrile illness of 
4–7 days duration accompanied by maculopapular rash, 
arthralgia, conjunctivitis, myalgia and headache. Zika virus 
has not been noted to cause death in the past, nor has it been 
linked to intra-uterine infections and congenital CNS 
anomalies. Zika virus infection can be confirmed by direct 
detection of Zika virus RNA or specific viral antigens in 
clinical specimens. There are no validated assays for serology. 
More information on Zika virus disease can be found in the 
previous risk assessments (European Centre for Disease 
Prevention and Control, 2014; European Centre for Disease
Prevention and Control, 2015) and in the ECDC factsheet for 
health professionals (Kuno 
et al
., 1998) 

Zika virus is spread to people primarily through the bite 
of an infected 
Aedes 
species mosquito (
Ae. aegypti 
and 
Ae. albopictus
).

A pregnant woman can pass Zika virus to her fetus 
during pregnancy or around the time of birth. We are 
studying how Zika affects pregnancies.

To date, there are no reports of infants getting Zika 
through breastfeeding. Because of the benefits of 
breastfeeding, mothers are encouraged to breastfeed 
even in areas where Zika virus is found.