Original research article ebola and zika virus

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Clinical anagement and treatement 
Besides activity against influenza virus infection, this drug 
also has documented activity against RNA viruses including 
Ebolaviruses
. (Smither 
et al
., 2014; Furuta 
et al
., 2013) 
Favipiravir prevented death in mice infected with EBOV when 
treatment was started six dayspost infection. (Oestereich 
et al
., 
2014) BCX-4430 is also a nucleoside analogue with broad 
spectrum activity against RNA viruses and has proven to be 
effective against the Marburg virus in a non-human primate 
model and Ebola virus in a mouse model. (Warren 
et al
., 2014) 
Zika 
virus 
 
Zika is a viral infection transmitted by the bite of an infected 
mosquito. It can sometimes be spread by having sex with an 
infected man. Anyone who gets bitten by an infected 
mosquito, or who has unprotected sex with an infected man 
can become infected with Zika. On 1 February 2016, the 
World Health organization (WHO) declared that the recent 
cluster of microcephaly cases and other neurological disorders 
reported in the America’s, where an outbreak with Zika virus 
(ZIKV) is ongoing, constitutes a Public Health Emergency of 
International Concern (PHEIC) (WHO, 2016). Zika virus 
(ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus (genus 
Flavivirus, 
family 
Flaviviridae
) related to yellow fever, dengue, ZIKV was first 
isolated in 1947 from Rhesus macaques living in the 
eponymous forest in Uganda (Dick 
et al
., 1952). Up to 2006, 
only sporadic cases of ZIKV human infections were reported 
in literature (Hayes, 2009). Accordingly, ZIKV was long 
considered a low-impact human pathogen, which might 
explain the limited, compared to other mosquito-borne viruses 
such as dengue virus (9187 references), West Nile virus (5949 
references) or chikungunya virus (2183 references) (Martinez-
Pulgarin 
et al
., 2015) Virions of ZIKV are 40–60 nm in 
diameter, spherical in shape and contain a lipid envelope. Its 
genome consists of a positive sense RNA of approximately 11 
kb. The virions consist of a single capsid (C) and two 
membrane-associated envelope proteins (M, E). The 
nonstructural proteins (NS1-NS5) contain sequence motifs
characteristic of a serine protease, RNA helicase and RdRp 
(NS5). The genomic RNA contains a single long ORF flanked 
by 5’- and 3’-terminal non-coding regions (NCRs) that form 
specific secondary structures required for genome replication 
and translation. Translation-initiation of genomic RNA is cap-
dependent. Viral proteins are synthesized as part of a 
polyprotein that is co- and post-translationally cleaved by viral 
and cellular proteases. RNA synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm 
in association with modified cellular membranes via synthesis 
of full-length negative-strand intermediates. Virion assembly, 
including acquisition of the glycoprotein-containing lipid