15
■
While walking to the Hall of Remembrance
during his visit to Yad Vashem, Pope Benedict
XVI passed by the tree planted in honor of
the Celis family from Belgium: two brothers
– Father Hubert and Father Louis Celis, who
were Catholic priests – their father and siblings.
During the Holocaust the Celis family hid the
four Rotenberg children, whose parents had been
deported to Auschwitz in November 1942.
To camouflage their identity, the Rotenbergs
had to attend church services, but in the
privacy of his home, Father Louis Celis made
sure that they preserved their Jewish identity,
that Wolfgang put on his tefillin (phylacteries)
and recited his prayers. After the war Father
Hubert Celis wrote, “I never tried to convert
the Rotenberg children to the Catholic faith. I
always respected their religious belief. Besides,
Mrs. Rotenberg had confidence in me and I had
given her my word as priest.”
Hundreds of clerics of all Christian
denominations have been recognized over the
years as Righteous Among the Nations, among
them many Catholics. Hubert and Louis Celis
received the title of Righteous for their role in
the rescue of the four Rotenberg siblings, but
their conduct is especially admirable because of
the deep respect they showed for the children’s
religion. Like them, Don Gaetano Tantalo of
Tagliacozzo Alto, Italy, not only hid seven
members of the Orvieto and Pacifici families,
but also went out of his way to enable them
to perform Jewish rituals. The page on which
he did his calculation to determine the date of
Passover is exhibited in Yad Vashem’s Holocaust
History Museum, with the fascinating story of
the celebration of a Jewish Seder at the home
of a parish priest during the German occupation
of Italy in 1944.
The attitude of the churches towards
rescuing Jews during the Shoah touches upon
intricate and often painful questions, and when
examining the particulars of every case, the
Commission for the Designation of the Righteous
is often faced with enormous challenges that
reflect the complexity of the topic: the baptizing
of children (was it motivated by the theological
mission to convert the Jews and save their souls,
or was the purpose to protect them and hide
their Jewish identity?); the return of children
to the Jewish fold at the end of the war; what
made rescue more recurrent in certain dioceses
or religious orders than others; and to what
extent did clerics act as individuals or make
their decisions as a result of instruction and
guidance from their superiors?
Christian conduct during the Holocaust
continues to challenge the Christian world well
into the 21
st
century. A range of factors played
a role in influencing the behavior of church
leaders and clerics when confronted with the
murder of the Jews. Like other groups, many
remained silent and a number of clerics went
as far as to collaborate, but there were those
who risked their lives to rescue Jews. While
Christian anti-Jewish theology and its teaching
of contempt contributed to indifference and
collaboration, other clerics and Christians saw it
as their religious duty to intervene and act.
The author is Director of the Righteous Among the
Nations Department.
by Irena Steinfeldt
Seder
at the Parish
Personal
items from
Auschwitz donated to
Yad Vashem
■
In mid-June, 95-year-old Holocaust
survivor Meyer Hack donated to Yad Vashem
jewelry and other personal items he found
while toiling as a slave laborer at Auschwitz.
Forced to work in the Bekleidungskammer
that received the tattered clothing after its
initial sorting in the Kanada storerooms, Hack
sometimes found belongings hidden by the
deportees in the linings. At enormous risk to
his life, he hid some of them in a hole he dug
behind his barrack. In January 1945, he collected
the items – including watches, a bracelet and
a pendant – in a sock, which he secretly took
with him on the death march to Dachau, and
then on a second march in May 1945 towards
Munich, from which he escaped to the forests
until liberation.
Hack’s mother, brother and two sisters were
murdered at Auschwitz. For sixty years he kept
the story of the items close to his heart, but a
short while ago he decided to donate them to
Yad Vashem’s Artifacts Collection, as a memorial
to their original owners. “At 95, now is the
time,” he said.
■
Father Hubert Celis (center) at the bar mitzvah of
the son of survivor Regina Rotenberg-Wolbrom
■
Meyer Hack with the artifacts he saved during
the war
News
While Christian anti-
Jewish theology
and its teaching of
contempt contributed
to indifference and
collaboration, other
clerics and Christians saw
it as their religious duty
to intervene and act
16
news
News
■
Marcel Kadenski was born in Paris in 1932.
He was deported on transport number 76 from
Drancy to Auschwitz, where he was murdered.
His name can be found in Yad Vashem’s Central
Database of Shoah Victims’ Names, but until
recently there was no accompanying photograph.
A new agreement signed at the end of May
between Yad Vashem and the Mémorial de la
Shoah, the central institution for commemorating
French Holocaust victims, will allow Yad Vashem
to give a face to the name.
“This new and historic agreement between
the two institutions will enable the exchange of
archival documents regarding the fate of French
Jews during the Holocaust,” explained Archives
Director Dr. Haim Gertner, during a ceremony
conducted at Yad Vashem. “The two institutions
will jointly gather additional documents, and
exchange copies of those amassed by each of
them over the past fifty years.”
Since the 1950s, Yad Vashem has been
collecting information about Holocaust victims
in order to document and commemorate their
names. To date, the names of some 3.6 million
victims have been commemorated in the Names
Database, including those of almost all French
Jews deported or murdered. The names of
78,000 Holocaust victims from France appear
on a list submitted by Serge Klarsfeld; one
third of these are accompanied by Pages of
Testimony. Some 5,800 photographs have also
been collected.
As a first step in the new agreement, Yad
Vashem received 8,000 photographs of Jews
murdered at Auschwitz, among them Marcel
Kadenski. Says Dr. Gertner: “Exchanging
collections will allow us to create a broad,
joint collection, and restore the identities of
some 20 percent of French Jews killed in the
Holocaust.”
New Agreement Allows Exchange of Information About French Holocaust Victims
Perlov and Walk Films Added
to Digital Film Library
■
During the first quarter of 2009 Yad
Vashem’s Visual Center added 100 new films
to its collection. To date, more than 5,700
films have been catalogued in the digital
film library and more than half are available
for viewing.
Recently, three Holocaust-related
documentaries by the noted Israeli filmmaking
team Ruth Walk and Yael Perlov were added
to the collection. The Balcony (2000) recounts
the eventful life story of the venerated Israeli
actor, screenwriter and director Israel Becker.
The sole survivor of a large family that perished
in the Holocaust, Becker later became a central
figure at the Israeli National Theater, Habima.
The Garden that Floated Away (2004), an
intimate portrait of Holocaust survivor Ida
Fink, takes its name from one of her short
eponymous stories. Fink’s subtle fiction has
achieved worldwide acclaim. The Birthday
Party (2007) introduces us to 25 Holocaust
survivors from Kovno, incarcerated together
in Auschwitz as children. They meet each year
for a group “birthday” celebration.
Perlov’s editing career includes Claude
Lanzmann’s monumental Shoah (1985);
David Perlov’s Yoman (1983), the iconic
documentary saga by one of the fathers
of Israeli documentary filmmaking; Dover
Koshashvili's award-winning feature Late
Marriage (2001); and several films for the
Holocaust History Museum at Yad Vashem.
Walk, a cinematographer and director, garnered
the 2007 Mifal Hapais Landau Award for
documentary filmmaking.
Film acquisition and cataloging at Yad
Vashem is supported by the Righteous Persons
Foundation.
Special Screening Holocaust
Remembrance Day 2009
■
Marking Holocaust Remembrance Day 2009,
the Visual Center held a special screening of
Killing Kasztner (2008), directed by Gaylen
Ross, at the Jerusalem Theater in the presence
of Mayor of Jerusalem Nir Barkat. Dr. Israel
Kasztner’s daughter, Zsuzsi Kasztner, and
his three granddaughters – Merav, Keren
and Michal Michaeli (pictured below, left to
right) – addressed the audience. Director of
the Visual Center Liat Benhabib moderated
the event, and Director of the Yad Vashem
Libraries Dr. Robert Rozett presented the
opening remarks on the historical perspective
of the film.
Fourth “Avner Shalev Award”
for Holocaust Film
■
At the 2009 Jerusalem International Film
Festival this July, the Visual Center will grant
the Avner Shalev Yad Vashem Chairman’s
Award to a Holocaust-related film that
brings a unique story to the screen using
a creative cinematic approach. The award,
now in its fourth year, is made possible
through the generosity of Leon and Michaela
Constantiner.
The following Israeli and foreign films
produced during the last twelve months
are candidates in the “Jewish Experience”
competition: Inside Hana’s Suitcase, directed
by Larry Weinstein (Canada/Czech Republic);
The Wedding Song, directed by Karin Albou
(France); Bombay Rhapsody, directed by Erez
Laufer (Israel); Human Failure, directed by
Michael Verhoeven (Germany); and Harlan
– In The Shadow of ‘The Jew Süss,’ directed
by Felix Moeller (Germany). Visual Center
Director Liat Benhabib will present the award
at the festival’s closing ceremony on Friday
afternoon, 17 July 2009.
Liat Benhabib is Director of the Visual Center.
Mimi Ash is the Center's Acquisition and Special
Projects Coordinator.
News from the Visual Center
■
Holocaust victim Marcel Kadenski
by Liat Benhabib and Mimi Ash