Nizami Tağısoy
Qaraqalpaq ədəbiyyatı
430
431
XX century is the historical
beginning of garagalpag
literature. Just at the beginning of this century they could get
alphabet and began to activate their mass press organs, a lot of
representative come to literature. At the end of XX century the
new theatrical circles were created in Garagalpagstan. After it
A.Otepov’s ‘Alpamis’, A.Begimov’s ‘Garib-Ashig’ and other
drama works were occurred in that period and also theatre,
drama, producing, acting began to be developed successfully.
It is interesting that there were staged some musical drama and
comedies in theatres by Azerbaijan authors—U.Hajibayov’s
‘Arshin mal alan’ and M.S.Ordubady’s ‘Besh manatlig gelin’.
In garagalpag theatre and dramaturgy there was need using
Turkish, Azerbaijan and European theatrical traditions.
During the centuries the
wide spread genre was poetry
in garagalpag literature and it stood in leading position at
the beginning of XX century. KH.Ahmedov, A.Begimov, D.
Nazbergenov, M.Daribayev, A. Dabilov, S. Nurumbetov and
others conquered the hearts of garagalpag readers. Garagalpag
poetry was enriched with new artistic characters by J.
Aymirzeyev, T.Jumamuradov, I.Yusupov, A.Shahmuradov,
B.Ismailov, T.Seyideanov and so on.
Garagalpag poetry was directed towards the realism
in the middle of XX century. Just in this period there was a
good situation to have changes in new poem creativity and
J.Aymirzeyev’s ‘Jumagul’ and “Struggle’ M.Daribayev’s
‘Kaljan’ and ‘ Aimeamal’, A.Begimov’s ‘The son of fight’ and
some other poems were among them.
In the 40th the collection of garagalpag poets were
given to the readers—such kind of works were ‘Fight for the
country’, ‘We overcome the enemy’, ‘Patriotism songs’ and
so on. D.Nazbergenov’s ‘ Two heroes’ and some other poems
were published in this period.
The 40th and 50th garagalpag
poetry is considered to
be in more developed period. S.Mecidov, J.Aymirzeyev,
A.Begimov, A.Dabilov, A.Musayev, S.Nurumbayev and
some other craftsmen played a great role in formation of it and
garagalpag poetry was differed among the others according
to their genre and coloring.
In the second half of the XX century the creation of the
garagalpag poets was continuing intensively and a lot of
lyrical poems, epos, quarts were occurred by T.Jumamuradov,
N.Japakov, T.Seyidov, A. Aliyev and so on. In garagalpag epic
poetry was developing on the basis of folklore motives. As in
soviet literature the military theme was always addressed in
60th-80th years, for example, S. Beynezerov’s ‘Tanya”, KH.
Seyidov’s ‘With the love of the heart’, M.Seyidniyazov’s ‘My
childhood spent in war’, B. Kaipnezerov’s ‘Two soldiers’,
KH.Turumbetov’s ‘The fighter’s widower’ and other poems
were on these themes.
The figurative solution of the problems in that period which
was looked through and Kh. Safarov’s, S.Jumaniyazov’s,
I.Gurbanbeyov’s, T.Gulmuradov’s, I.Seyidnazarov’s,
S.Abbasov’s, T.Kabulov’s, R.Ayapbergenov’ s, S.Seyidov’s
and other works were dedicated on these themes.
One of the deferent features of
garagalpag literature was
connected with classical traditions and second one was to be
appropriate to the exact situation. In that period one of the
craftsmen was I.Yusupov who was in the focus of attention.
His poetical collection such as ‘Lyrics of happiness’, ‘Romance
of Desert’, ‘Tomris’, ‘Ilham’, ‘A story about hat’, ‘The legend of
mountain river’, ‘The meridian of hearts’,’Poems’, ‘The eye of
the reptile’, ‘Roses and wormwood’ and other works became
very popular among the readers. He was popular not only
in Garagalpagstan but also abroad. Later ‘To east traveler ’,
‘Thoughts’, ‘Seven roundabout way, ‘Selected works’, etc.
Nizami Tağısoy
Qaraqalpaq ədəbiyyatı
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are known to the readers living in Uzbekistan, Girgizistan,
Russia and also in Azerbaijan. In creation of I.Yusupov
philosophical
thinking, mythological world, psychological
moments, tender lyrics, figurativeness, the usage of richness
of pop-language, innovation, the decoration of lines and
syllables correctly are the main elements of his characteristics.
I.Yusupov is known not only an excellent poet, but also a very
responsible translator. He has
translated girgiz and nogay
songs from Russian, Ukranian and European classics---
(T.Shevchenko’s, A.Pushkin’s, M.Lermontov’s, A. Blok’s,
Shakespeare’s, Shiller’s, Bayron’s, Hote’s, Heine’s poems,
etc.) into his native language. Besides, he also translated
M.F.Akhundov’s ‘Eastern poems to Pushkin’s death’ in 1966
and published in literary-pictoral journal ‘Amuderya’ and
presented to garagalpag readers. These are good examples
how he valued other people’s creation.
One of Garagalpagstan popular craftsmen is T.Kabulov.
his books mainly published in Nokis , Dashkend and also
in some other journals and newspapers, for example, ‘Zvez-
da Vostoka’, ‘Gulkhan’,’Gonche’, ’Sovetskaya Karakalpa-
kiya’, ’Pravda Vostoka’, ‘Vechemi Tashkent’,’ Uzbekis-
tan madaniyyati’,Komsomolets Uzbekstana’,’ Leninskoye
znamya’ and so on. Kabilov’s
poems are often presen ted
in uzbek,gazakh,Turkmen and Russian broadcastting to
different audience. His works have been translated into
uzbek,gazakh,girgiz,uygur,Russian,ukranian moldova and
other languages. T.Kabilov is a songster poet and majority of
his poems have been composed music. His works are in the
character of lyrics and deep national roots.
Garagalpag prose works were mainly occurred in 20th of
the XX century. The first of them were essays and topical
satire. The first authors of garagalpag literature were R.
Mejidov, N.Kuzembayev and some others.
In 30th-40th publicistic articles and stories were occurred
in garagalpag literature. On this point D.Nazber
genov’s,
A.Begimov’s, M.Daribayev’s and others’ activity have to be
noted.
In 40th-50th S.Saliyev, A.Shahmuradov, Y.Khojaniyazov,T.
Kaipergenov and for other children they began to write
different stories.
In 50th in garagalpag literature there was created novels.
There A.Orazov’s ‘In hard days’, J.Tashenov’s ‘The
friends of
a battle’, T.Najiniov’s ‘A banner on the soil’ and others were
among them.
The genre of a novel was appeared in 50th of the XX
century. Among these samples A.Begimov’s ‘The first step’,
and ‘The daughter of a fisherman’, K.Yelmanov’s ‘ In the past
days’,’ S.Mejidov’s ‘Suyun and Sara’ and some other works
were written in that period. Also in other periods there were
other principles of genre in garagalpag literature.
In 60th -70th in garagalpag prose realism was successfully
found in this period. Exactly in this period the garagalpag
prosaists were in close relations with other writers of different
countries and those years a lot of fiction works were translated
into the garagalpag language. The works by A.Pushkin,
M. Lermontov, N.Gogol, L.Tolstoy, A. Chekhov, S. Ayni,
B.Kerbabayev, V. Merime, V. Hugo, R.Tagor
and other works
were presented to the readers of the world. The garagalpag
literature was in the way of strengthening of the traditions of
it and being assimilated by the other literature.
A.Begimov was the first man who earned success in poetry
and dramaturgy. He had a lot of good service in the formation
and development of garagalpag prose. The novel written by
this author-- ‘The daughter of a fisherman’ was dedicated to
the hard lives of the people living in Mediterranean Sea area.
The deepness of Roman events, surrounding of lives of people
in large plan,
national coloring, the opening of complicated