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To be more concrete, we can name these processes as
Globalization.
The term
Globalization occurred in the middle of 1980s, and it was linked
with the name of T. Levit. The article published in 1983 by T. Levit was
describing the structure of big and multicultural organization phenomena.
The idea of this phenomenon was the merging of markets of separate
products in a single piece. As you can notice, the meaning of
Globalization
is slightly different with the one we all know. R. Robertson was the
inventor of the today‘s
Globalization meaning. He interpreted the meaning
and the concept in the separate book. In general, many scientists define
globalization as a social process. As this process develops, the
geographical boundaries of social and cultural systems are erased and
gradually population gets more awareness of the changes happening.
Under the
Globalization in general, we meaning the western development
model and this meaning are serving as a theoretical rationale for the single-
pole world.
If we approach this term from the economic side, then it is possible to
specify some basic reasons for the concept of globalization. Especially
following may be noted:
1) Expansion of the relationships and geography in the field of
international relations, perversion of financial markets, increasing power of
transnational
companies;
2) Continuation of technological revolution of information and
communication;
3) Global
poverty and beggary issues;
4) Environmental issues.
As you can see, the economic reasons of globalization can be divided
into two parts. First, it deals with trade and transnational companies, and
the second are the measures aimed on solving global problems. Their
solution also requires the removal of geographical and cultural boundaries.
International community in 21
st
century came to realization that not any
social problem could be solved by individual countries. Is it – pollution,
environmental protection, water issues or etc. Only joint efforts can bring
effective results.
At the same time, the globalization process throughout the world is
controversial. Because, as any process, globalization has both positive and
negative aspects. Economically one of the most significant advantages is
the scale effect. In the context of globalization, manufacturers can save due
to scale method. As with the development of globalization, products of the
same type are spread in almost all markets and as relationships between
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different regions become tighter logistics, transportation and
communication costs reduce. Resulting into the increase of manufacturer's
revenue and profits. Globalization also creates opportunity for the prices to
be reduced. Apart from what we mentioned above, the main reason for this
is that technology becomes cheaper and its distribution becomes easier.
Globalization gradually creates conditions for the economies in all
countries to operate according to the same rules. With that, competitions
between countries and transnational companies create opportunities for the
implication of new innovations. In the result there is an increase in
production and salaries and respectively - the welfare of the population.
For reasons mentioned above, main components of the domestic
consumption market, - demand, supply, price and competition - should
now be explored not only within the framework of domestic economic, but
also within the international economic framework. Since now the
consumer market creates a wider space for the realization of commodity-
money relations [1]. The development of globalization and free trade, as
we have noted, constitutes the formation of uniform rules of business,
formation of development concepts of existing consumer markets, and the
acquisition of new professional knowledge. Therefore, significant changes
are occurring in domestic consumer markets. Azerbaijan can be taken as an
example. As examples of major changes in the Azerbaijani domestic
consumer market
during the last ten years, we can show the following:
1) Emergence of new
management forms of business;
2) Development
of the network trade;
3) Spread
of the E-commerce;
If we examine each point separately, we see following situation. In the
development of modern international economic relations retail
globalization takes an important place. Retail globalization is associated
with the concentration and transposition of trade capital. According to
many studies, in the nearest future, commodities sold outside the countries
will form the major part of the international sales. Experience tell us, that
network sales can hold up to 90% of the country's retail sales. The main
reason for this situation is that network trading has more advantages over a
separate shop. For example, depending on the scale, merchants can offer
conditions that are more favorable. At the same time, the scale effect also
reduces costs. Thus, many scientists admit that global retail market factors
affect the country's economy. On the one hand, foreign retail networks,
which work in line with the most up-to-date standards come on the market,
on the other hand, new technologies are attracted to the trading sector. As