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Impact of natural hazards to economy in Azerbaijan
Talıbov S.Ə.
Baku State University
patriotalibov@hotmail.com
Keywords: drought , extreme floods, storm, heavy rains , lightning
Introduction
A natural hazard is a threat of a naturally occurring event will have a negative effect on humans.
This negative effect is what we call a natural disaster. In other words when the hazardous threat
actually happens and harms humans, we call the event a natural disaster.
Nowadays the impacts of natural conditions on economic life are very important. Therefore,
geographical research service level must be in full compliance with the international requirements.
In Azerbaijan, investment in infrastructure since the mid-20th century has provided significant
opportunities for economic growth and poverty alleviation.
The dangerous geographical hazards are - . storms, extreme temperature events, forest fires,
water
scarcity and droughts, floods, snow avalanches, landslides, earthquakes, volcanoes etc.
One of the most common natural disasters is extreme floods in the world. The extreme floods
gives serious damage to economy and human life. Floods is destroyed the residential areas, industrial
and agricultural enterprises, roads, irrigation systems, ditches, sluices. The daily maximum precipitation
and maximum water flow of rain floods are the most pressing and complex categories for geographical
researches and generalizations. Nowadays risk assessment of heavy rains have particular importance for
the economy. There are serious side effects of heavy
rains for sewerage network, agriculture and to the
formation of rivers flood. Intensive rains create devastating floods during short time at small areas. The
floods have more devastating effect in mountainous areas. Analysis of relationship between the
intensity and the duration of rain is very important for the research of heavy rains.
Materials and methods
•
All of these processes have been operating
throughout Earth history, but the processes have
become hazardous only because they negatively affect us as human beings. Important Point - There
would be no natural disasters if it were not for humans. Without humans these are only natural events.
•
Risk is characteristic of the relationship between humans and geologic processes. We all take
risks everyday. The risk from natural hazards, while it cannot be
eliminated, can, in some cases be
understood in a such a way that we can minimize the hazard to humans, and thus minimize the risk. To
do this, we need to understand something about the processes that operate, and understand the energy
required for the process. Then, we can develop an action to take to minimize the risk. Such
minimization of risk is called hazard mitigation.
•
Although humans can sometimes influence natural disasters (for example when poor levee
design results in a flood), other disasters that are
directly generated by humans, such as oil and toxic
material spills, pollution, massive automobile or train wrecks, airplane crashes, and human induced
explosions, are considered technological disasters, and will not be considered in this course, except
when they occur as a secondary result of a natural disaster.
Some of the questions we hope to answer for each possible natural disaster are:
Where is each type of hazard likely to be present and why?
What scientific principles govern the processes responsible for the disasters?
How often do these hazards develop into disasters?
How can each type of disaster be predicted and/or mitigated?
•
As discussed before, natural disasters are produced by processes that have
been operating since
the Earth formed. Such processes are beneficial to us as humans because they are responsible for
things that make the Earth a habitable planet for life. For example:
•
Throughout Earth history, volcanism has been responsible for producing much of the water present
on the Earth's surface, and for producing the atmosphere.
•
Earthquakes are one of the processes responsible for the formation of mountain ranges which
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