Understanding the problems of inland waters: case study

where, t – range number of considering year, T
i
– the mean temperature of i year, T
n
– the
climate norm of the annual mean temperature.
Results and discussions
As  we  see  in  the  fig.1  for  the  all  of  considering  stations  the  temporal  movement  of  annual
mean temperature has been synchronal characterized and over 1992-2016 there observes the
common increase of them. Over considered period high temperatures have been observed in
1995,  1998,  2001,  2005  and  2010  and  lower  temperatures  in  1993,  1997,  2003  and  2011
years. So, it generally, responds to other changes, which are observed over other territories of
Azerbaijan (Safarov et al, 2017). Over the period since the period of observations till today the
highest temperature has been noted in 2010.
 
Fig. 1. A
time course of the average annual temperature for the period 1992-2016
In the Fig. 2 there has been presented the differential-integral curve of the change of the
annual mean air temperature in Lankaran. As we see over the period from 1960 till 1994 the
change  of  the  annual  mean  temperature  has  been  accompanied  by  the  supersession  of
negative and positive anomalies each other by short periods. It shows that from that year on
the considered territory the warming of the air has been sharply characterized. So, since 1994
as in the other territories of Azerbaijan (Safarov et al, 2017), also over the coastal zones of
Caspian Sea there observes the increase of the temperature, and it results in the acceleration
of the evaporation on the sea surface (Chen et al, 2017) and correspondently, the decrease of
the  level.  The  increase  of  the  temperature  by  this  tension  would  create  sharp  ecological
problems in blind water drainage, including Caspian Sea.
Also, in the research work there has been studied the change of annual and month’s mean
air  temperature  over  different  periods.  By  this  aim  for  those  periods  there  have  been
calculated temperature anomalies in comparison with climate norms (table 1).
    
As we see in the table over considering territory the annual mean air temperature for the
1992-2016  period  in  comparison  with  climate  norm  (1961-1990)  has  been  increased
averagely, 0.7 degree. But if over 1992-2004 this increase has been consisted of totally, 0.6
degree,  then  over  2015-2016  it  has  been  sharply  increased  and  averagely,  consisted  of  1.0
degree. It shows that the raising temp of the warming is increasing gradually.
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
te
m
pe
ra
tu
re
,
0
C
Khachmaz
Mashtaga
Neft Dashlari
Lankaran
86

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The study of the change character of the temperature in some months makes a big deal.
As  we  see  in  the  table  the  increase  of  the  temperature  in  January  and  February  is  more
stable, and anomalies are consisted of correspondently averagely, 0.8 and 0.9 degree.
 
Fig. 2. The difference-integral curve of the annual mean air temperature for Lankaran station
If over 1992-2004 in March the increase of the temperature is consisted of averagely totally
0.9 degree, then over 2005-2016 it has been sharply increased and reached to 1.4 degree. For
the 1992-2016 period it has consisted of 1.2 degree. In April the increase of the temperature
is more stable and consists of 0.3-0.5 degree.
In May and June, the increase of the temperature moves by its peculiarly dynamics. So, if
over the same months of 1992-2004 period there have not been observed noticeable changes
of  the  temperature,  then  for  the  2005-2016  period  this  increase  has  been  consisted  of
correspondently,  0.9-1.7  degree,  but  correspondingly,  0.5-1.2  degree  for  the  1992-2016
period.
There has been noted the increase in the anomalies of the temperature in June. So, if for
the  1992-2004  period  the  anomalies  of  the  temperature  are  not  noticeable,  then  for  the
2005-2016 period there has been noted their increase averagely, on 1.1 degree, for the 1992-
2016 period there has been noted 0.7 degree.
In August the anomaly of the high temperature, which has been observed over 1992-2004
period (averagely, 0.9 degree), has been additionally increased and reached on 1.7 degree and
for  the  1992-2016  period  it  has  been  consisted  of  1.3  degree.  As  we  see  in  the  table,  the
anomaly of the highest temperature has been noted exactly in August. The high temperature
anomalies,  which  are  observing  in  July  and  especially,  in  August,  create  conditions  for  the
forest  fires,  the  ecologically  sharp  condition,  the  drought  and  the  acceleration  of  deserting
processes.
The mean temperature of September demonstrates increasing dynamics. So, if over 1992-
2004 the anomalies of the temperature is not noticeable, then over 2005-2016 yet it has been
consisted of 1.2 degree, for the 1992-2016 period – 0.8 degree.
For October the anomaly of the mean temperature over 1992-2004 has been consisted of
averagely,  0.8  degree,  but  it  has  been  gradually  increased  and  consisted  1.1  degree  in  the
2005-2016 period and 1.0 degree for the 1992-2016 period.
As  we  see  in  the  table  there  have  not  been  observed  any  noticeable  anomalies  in  the
temperature of November and December.
-5
-3
-1
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
1960
1962
1964
1966
1968
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
Su
m
(T
i
-T
n
),
0
C
87

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