Uzbekistan state world languages university translation faculty guiding and interpreting activities

2.2. A Tourist Attraction
A tourist attraction is a place of attraction visited by tourists, usually of unique or exhibited natural or cultural value, historical significance, natural or built beauty, recreation and entertainment. Natural beauty spots such as beaches, tropical island resorts, national parks, mountains, deserts, and forests are examples of traditional tourist destinations that people can visit. Cultural tourist attractions include historical places, places of important historical events, monuments, ancient temples, zoos, aquariums, museums and art galleries, botanical gardens, buildings and structures (forts, castles, libraries , former prisons, skyscrapers, bridges), theme parks and carnivals, living history museums, public art (statues, sculptures, murals), ethnic enclave communities, historical trains and cultural events. Factory tours, industrial heritage, creative arts and crafts workshops are the object of cultural trends such as industrial tourism and creative tourism. Many tourist spots are also attractions. But sporting events such as a football match, a Formula 1 race or a sailing regatta can also attract tourists.¹⁴
Tourists' expectations when visiting a certain place are related to several features of the chosen destination: culture, architecture, gastronomy, infrastructure, landscape, activities, shopping, etc. These features draw people to a destination and contribute to the overall travel experience. . The final main purpose of attractions is to attract the attention of the customer so that they can come to a particular place and explore different attractions on vacation. Attractions play a particularly important role in the travel and tourism industry, as it attracts tourists from all over the world.
Tourist attractions have also been created to capitalize on legends such as the alleged UFO crash site near Roswell, New Mexico and the sighting of the Loch Ness monster in Scotland. Ethnic communities can become tourist attractions, such as Chinatowns in the United States and the Black Quarter of Brixton in London (England). Tourists also seek out specific local culinary experiences, such as street cuisine in Asian metropolises or coffee shop culture in Central Europe. In particular, the cultural assets of UNESCO World Heritage sites have become tourist attractions. If too many tourists frequent certain places, this can lead to environmental pollution and local resistance, for example in Barcelona or Venice. Regarding this topic, there is already a list of destinations that are not recommended for tourists. There are countless lists and reviews of tourist attractions. Visitor statistics, cultural significance, beauty or age are used and always reflect the personal judgment of the author. Sometimes it is emphasized that this unique tourist attraction is not yet the focus of the international tourism industry. Some attractions are internationally known or target a national or local market. Some attractions are reserved for locals or rarely advertised because they are too far from major transportation routes and major airports. , advertise tourist attractions on billboards, especially in remote areas. Tourist attractions often distribute free promotional brochures that are displayed in resort areas, information centers, fast food restaurants, and motel rooms or lobbies.
Some tourist attractions offer an unforgettable experience to visitors for a moderate entrance fee or even free, while others are low-quality and sell their goods and services (e.g. admission, food) in order to profit from tourists. and souvenirs) can be overwhelming. Such places are usually known as tourist traps. Buses are sometimes popular for boating and sightseeing in cities, such as the "biggest ball of yarn" in Quaker City, Kansas, the Corn Palace in Mitchell, South Dakota, or Alliance, Nebraska. Weird attractions like Carhenge - old cars serve as stones in a replica of Stonehenge. New attractions are not limited to the American Midwest, but are part of Midwestern culture. ¹⁵
Tourist destination
A tourist destination is a city, town, or other area that is significantly dependent on tourism revenue, or "a country, state, region, city, or town that is sold or markets itself as a place for tourists to visit." It may have one or more tourist attractions and possibly some "tourist traps". For example, the city of Sonamarg in Kashmir is a popular tourist destination in India. For example, the city of Fátima is a popular tourist destination in Portugal. The city of Siem Reap is a popular tourist destination in Cambodia, mainly due to its proximity to the Angkor temples. The Loire Valley, the third tourist destination in France, is a good example of a region marketed and branded as a tourist destination, mainly known for its Châteaux in the Loire Valley.
A tropical island resort is an island or archipelago that depends on tourism as a source of income. The Bahamas in the Caribbean, Bali in Indonesia, Phuket in Thailand, Hawaii in the US, Fiji in the Pacific, and Santorini and Ibiza in the Mediterranean are examples of popular island resorts.
France, the United States, and Spain were the three most popular international destinations in 2017. The total number of international travelers to these countries was approximately 234 million , contributing 8.9%, 7.7% and 14.9% respectively. the total gross domestic product of these countries.
While Africa was a tourist destination a few years ago, the continent is now seen as the second fastest growing tourism region with more than 67 million tourists visiting Africa and a 48.6% growth rate in 2018. . List of African tourist destinations. Other tourist destinations in Africa include Cape Town, South Africa, Giza Necropolis, Egypt, Maasai Mara National Reserve, Kenya, Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe and Zambia.¹⁶
In terms of catering to the tourism industry, the destination is usually defined by a geo-political boundary and destination marketing is often funded by governments. From the point of view of travelers, the destination can be perceived completely differently. Economic impact and protection
Tourism brings great economic benefits to both host countries and the home countries of tourists. One of the main motivations for promoting a region as a tourism destination, especially in developing countries, is the expected economic benefit. According to the World Tourism Organization, in 2000, 698 million people traveled abroad and spent more than 478 billion dollars. International tourism receipts combined with passenger traffic are over US$575 billion, making tourism the world's number one export earner.
Tourist attractions:
contributing to state revenues; direct contributions are made up of taxes on tourism employment and tourism business income and direct levies on travelers, such as departure taxes .

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  ensuring employment
  
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  supporting the conservation of habitats, species and historic sites
  
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  encourage investment in infrastructure
  
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  contribute to the local economy
  
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  securing foreign exchange earnings
  

During war, many tourist attractions are specifically targeted to inflict permanent damage on the enemy or to finance the war. Therefore, international efforts are being made to protect and preserve these economic and cultural foundations of a community, city or country. The United Nations, UNESCO and Blue Shield International have established intensive cooperation on the protection of cultural assets and UNESCO World Heritage sites. But the cooperation of organizations and state authorities is not enough to prevent vandalism, looting and looting. Carl von Habsburg, founder of Blue Shield International, concluded by saying, "Without the local community and local participants, this would not have been possible." One emerging area of particular interest has been identified by Lennon and Foley (2000) as "dark" tourism. This type of tourism includes visiting "dark" places such as battlefields, horrific crimes, or acts of genocide, such as concentration camps. Its origin is based on fairs and fairs of the Middle Ages. ¹⁷
According to Philip Stone, dark tourism is a way of imagining one's own death through the actual death of others. Eric X Cohen coined the term "populo sites" to argue for the educational nature of dark tourism. Popular sites provide visitors with stories of victims. Based on research done at Yad Vashem, the Shoah (Holocaust) Memorial Museum in Jerusalem, a new term - populo - is proposed to describe the spirituality and dark tourism of the people affected by the tragedy. Learning about the Shoah in Jerusalem offers an encounter with a different but equally real subject than visiting sites in Europe. It is argued that the dichotomy between 'real' sites at the site of a tragedy and 'created' sites elsewhere is inadequate. The evaluations of the participants of the workshops for European teachers at Yad Vashem show that location is an important aspect of a meaningful encounter with the subject. Implications for other cases of dark tourism in populous places are discussed. In this context, Peter Tarlow defines dark tourism as the tendency to visit the scenes of tragedies or historically significant deaths that continue to affect our lives. This problem cannot be understood without the figure of trauma.
Victoria Mitchell and others. dark tourism appears to be a heterogeneous discipline. There is a great spread of definitions, knowledge production and meanings around this term. Indeed, dark tourism practices vary across culture and time. Qualitatively speaking, the dark tourism experience is quite different from the leisure practice. To fill the gap, existing definitions should be subcategorized to form a comprehensive model that expands the existing understanding of dark tourism. Accordingly, M. Apleni et al. Dark tourism helps prevent the industry from collapsing in the face of frequent crisis situations. They cite the example of terrorism, which paves the way for the construction of a new dark space. Dark tourism plays a leading role not only in promoting destination sustainability, but also in helping communities overcome traumatic experiences.¹⁸
Social tourism provides tourism to poor people who cannot afford to travel for education or leisure. It includes youth hostels and low-cost resorts run by churches and voluntary organisations, trade unions or state-owned enterprises during the communist era. At the second social tourism congress held in Austria in May 1959, Walter Hunziker proposed the following definition: "Social tourism is a type of tourism carried out by low-income groups that is completely separate and therefore easily recognizable. is a type of tourism that enables and facilitates services".Tourism safety is a subsection of tourism research that studies the factors affecting the ontological safety of tourists. Risks are assessed based on their impact and nature. Tourism security includes methodologies, theories and techniques aimed at protecting the organic image of tourist destinations. Three academic streams are important in tourism safety: risk perception theory, disaster management, and post-disaster consumption.
Andrew Spencer and Peter Tarlow argue that tourism safety is not an easy concept to define. It includes a number of sub-disciplines and global risks that are different in nature, causing different impacts on the tourism industry. The rise of tourism safety and security as an integrated discipline coincides with the globalization and eventual maturation of the industry worldwide. Some threats include, for example, terrorist groups seeking to destabilize governments, which not only affects local economies, but also kills foreign tourists and creates geopolitical tensions between supplier and recipient countries. Today, island destinations are more affected by terrorism and other global threats than other continental destinations.¹⁹