Uzbekistan state world languages university translation faculty guiding and interpreting activities

CHAPTER I. TOURISM ACTIVITIES AND STAGES OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT

1. Tourism Activities

Tourism is travel for pleasure or business; as well as the theory and practice of tours, the business of attracting, accommodating and entertaining tourists, and the business of organizing tours. The World Tourism Organization defines tourism as something that "goes beyond the common understanding that tourism is limited to recreational activities" to include people "traveling to and staying in places outside of their usual environment for no more than a single period of time." leisure time and at least 24 hours, consecutive year for work and other purposes ". Tourism can be domestic (within the traveler's own country) or international and international tourism is also included in the country's balance of payments, also has an outgoing effect.
Between the second half of 2008 and the end of 2009, tourism numbers decreased as a result of a severe economic downturn (recession of the late 2000s) and the H1N1 influenza virus outbreak in 2009 , but . It slowly recovered until the COVID-19 pandemic brought growth to a screeching halt. The United Nations World Tourism Organization estimates that global international tourist arrivals could decline by 58% to 78% in 2020, resulting in a loss of US$0.9-1.2 trillion in international tourism revenue. ¹
Globally, international tourism receipts (the travel component of the balance of payments) increased to US$1.03 trillion (€740 billion) in 2005, a 3.8% increase in real terms compared to 2010. 1 billion tourists globally for the first time in 2012. Emerging source markets such as China, Russia and Brazil have increased their spending significantly over the past decade.
World tourism accounts for c. 8% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Emissions and other significant environmental and social impacts are not always beneficial to local communities and their economies. For this reason, many tourism development organizations have begun to focus on sustainable tourism to mitigate the negative effects of the growing impact of tourism. The United Nations World Tourism Organization has emphasized this practice by promoting tourism as part of the Sustainable Development Goals through programs such as the International Year for Sustainable Tourism in 2017, and SDG 8, SDG 12 and SDG 14 in creating a sustainable economy. programs such as tourism for the SDGs that focus on how tourism impacts.
Tourism has reached new dimensions with the current industry with cruise ships along with the growing space tourism industry, there are many different ways of tourism. Another new potential tourism industry is virtual tourism. Definitions
In 1936, the League of Nations defined a foreign tourist as "a person who has traveled abroad for at least twenty-four hours." Its successor, the United Nations, amended this definition in 1945 to include a maximum stay of six months.
In 1941, Hunziker and Kraft defined tourism as "the sum of events and relations resulting from the travel and stay of non-residents not leading to permanent residence and not connected with any income-generating activity". In 1976, the British Tourism Society's definition was as follows: “Tourism is the temporary, short-term movement of people to destinations outside of their places of residence and work, and activities during their stay at each destination. It includes activities for all purposes." In 1981, the International Association of Scientific Experts on Tourism defined tourism in terms of specific activities chosen and performed outside the home. ²
In 1994, the United Nations, in its Recommendations on Tourism Statistics, identified three forms of tourism:

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  Domestic tourism involves the people of that country traveling only within that country
  
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  Inbound tourism, includes non-residents traveling in that country
  
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  Outbound tourism, which includes residents traveling to another country
  

Other groups derived from the above grouping are:

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  National tourism, a combination of domestic and outbound tourism
  
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  Regional tourism is a combination of domestic and inbound tourism
  
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  International tourism, a combination of inbound and outbound tourism
  

The terms tourism and travel are sometimes used interchangeably. In this context, travel has a similar definition to tourism, but refers to travel with a greater purpose. The terms tourism and tourism are sometimes used pejoratively to denote a shallow interest in the cultures or places visited. Conversely, traveler is often used as a distinguishing mark. The sociology of tourism has studied the cultural values underlying these differences and their impact on class relations.