World meteorological organization

BoM = Bureau of Meteorology

[C] DRIFTING BUOYS

Australia deployed three drifting buoys south of latitude 50S between November and January in the summer of 2001/2002. At the end of October 2002 there were six (6) active drifting buoys deployed in the eastern hemisphere and south of latitude 50S. Drifting buoys are interrogated about hourly from polar orbiting NOAA satellites.

[D[ ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND RADIATION

Monitoring programmes are operated by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology in on behalf of the following institutes:

CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Research.

Princeton University.

University of Heidelberg, Germany.

Rhode Island University, USA.

New Zealand, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA)

Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO)

United States Department of Energy

Australian Radiation Protection And Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA).

Trace Gases Frequency Location

Troposphere

CO2 Continuous Mac,

CO2 gas flasks filled with samples Weekly M, C, Mac

CO, CH4, N2O, O2/N2 ratio, CO2 isotopes Weekly M, Mac

Stratosphere

NO2 Continuous Mac

O3 Continuous Mac

Total column ozone (Dobson ) 3-5 daily Mac

Ozonesonde vertical profiles to 35 km. Weekly Mac

Solar UV radiation monitoring

Surface monitoring Continuous C, D, M, Mac

Natural Radioactivity

Radon concentration Continuous M, Mac.

Natural radionuclides & anthropogenic ones M

in aerosols (samples)

[E] DELIVERY OF WEATHER AND SEA ICE SERVICES

Marine

A High Seas weather service continues to be issued by the National Meteorology and Oceanography Centre (NMOC) in Melbourne and is available via the World Wide Web. The area of Australian responsibility is south of Latitude 50S and from Longitude 80E to 160E.

Mean sea level analyses and prognosis charts with a limited set of near surface wind speed and direction charts and total wave height charts are broadcast daily on HF radio fax from VLM-Casey. These are also available on World Wide Web via a Registered User system. The charts themselves are sourced from NMOC in Melbourne.

Aviation

Davis is currently the hub of the ANARE air transport system and Aviation Weather Services are again being issued from Davis Weather Services Office in the 2002/03 operational season. Two meteorologists will cover the hours 0600 to 2200 local time daily.

Satellite Remote Sensing

Full (1km) resolution AVHRR data are received by the NOAA Ground Station at the Meteorology Information Office at Casey from which cloud and sea ice imaged are developed.

Sea ice images (1km resolution) are routinely communicated to the University of Tasmania and Australian Antarctic Division. These images are also available on the web to Registered Users. Routine NOAA satellite images of sea-ice are made available are for the following locations:

Casey, Mawson, Davis, Dumont d'Urville, Terra Nova Bay,

Cape Adare, Ninnis Glacier, Shackleton Ice Shelf, West Ice Shelf and Enderby Land,

These sea ice images are manually selected at Casey for quality before being communicated via ANARESAT. Reduced resolution mosaics of polar orbiting satellite images are routinely sent from Casey to the NMOC in Melbourne. Full resolution images can be transmitted via ANARESAT or INMARSAT for special purposes.
[F] GEOPHYSICS

Operated by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology in collaboration with Geosciences Australia and the US Geological Network, Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS).

Frequency Location

Geomagnetism Continuous M

Seismology Continuous M

Tidal Gravity Continuous M

Key to locations: M = Mawson, D = Davis, C = Casey, Mac = Macquarie Island.
[G] REPRESENTATIVE OF WMO

Chairman of the Working Group on Antarctic Meteorology, WMO Executive Council:

Hugh Hutchinson

Australian Bureau of Meteorology

Regional Director (Tasmania and Antarctica)

GPO Box 727

HOBART TASMANIA 7001 AUSTRALIA

E-mail [e-mail]

Fax [phone]

Phone [phone]

CHILE

ANTARCTIC METEOROLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF CHILE

(By Jorge Carrasco Cerda, Direccion Meteorologica de Chile)
Chile continues to run three year-around weather stations in the northern tip of Antarctic Peninsula. Weather observations from Arturo Prat, and Bernardo Ohiggins are carried out by marine and military people, respectively, who received a one-month training in observation and codification of weather code massage (SYNOP). The third one is located in Base Eduardo Frei where weather observations are carried out by specialists (meteorological technicians) from the Chilean Weather Service, who also are in charge of a first quality control of the information produced by Prat and Ohiggins stations. During the summer season two more stations are temporarily opened: Carvajal (south of Rothera) from about mid November to mid January, and Patriot Hills (about 80 S, 80 W) from mid November to mid December. Beside the operational weather observations, these stations have a meteorologist on duty, who can support with meteorological forecast to aviation, marine and other activities. The observing program is indicated in Table 1.
Table 1.

Station	0	3	6	9	12	15	18	21
Ohiggins Prat Frei Carvajal Patriot H	x x x x x	x x x	x x x	x x x	x x x x x	x x x x x	x x x x x	x x x x x

At Base Eduardo Frei is located the Antarctic Meteorological Center (AMC) who carried out analysis and forecast functions as recommended by the WMO. The center has a year-round team of meteorologists. Marine, aviation and public forecast are produced on a daily bases. Specific forecast request can be done for the area. Weather maps and satellite imagery (high resolution) are available from this center by request.

Eduardo Frei is also an Antarctic Collecting Center (ACC) for meteorological observations of same stations located on the west side of the Peninsula. Currently and according with latest telecommunication arrangements Frei collects observations from Prat, Ohiggins Uruguay, China and Republic of Korea.

A UV-B radiometer is located in this station. A UV-B radiation index is calculated every day and put on the NWS web page www.meteochile.cl.
Post Processing Data
Data from the chilean stations are sent to the World Collecting Center through Buenos Aires. The same is done every month with the CLIMAT data. At NWS, quality control is done to data from the chilean antarctic stations one or two months later for permanent archive and studies.

An Annual Climatological Summary (since 1998) is published by the NWS, which is available on request.

Note: The AMC and ACC belong to the Chilean Meteorological Service and people wintering over are permanent staff of the Service and are civilian personnel.