600
abdulmesid Iis (183961 ww.) dedac, iyo qarTveli qali, anCabaZis
Anchabadze (Achba) qarTulafxazuri Tavadis ojaxidan. mahmuds aseve
hyavda colad tuskia, Cikotua, Cacba, lakerbaia, ServaSiZe, kuCba, 2
foTeli qali, 3 Safsugi qali, 4 ubixi, sul 8 afxazi da a. S. abdulmesid
I gaerTianebuli samefos da safrangeTis mokavSire gaxda yirimis omSi
ruseTis winaaRmdeg 1856 wels. man gaagrZela mamamisis reorganizacia
da modernizacia Tanzimat osmalTa imperiisa. rogorc mis mamas da sxva
sulTnebs, masac bevri (ocdaaTamde) coli hyavda, ramdenime qarTveli,
maT Soris, rogorc mamis SemTxvevaSi, memkvidre qarTveli colisgan
hyavda. misi vaJis, 33-e sulTnis murad Vis (1876 w.) deda, iyo megrel
afxazi gogo foTidan saxelad vilma Şevkefza Kadınefendi, xolo meuRleebi
iyvnen TarxniSvili, nakaSvili, sul 3 qarTveli, 2 afxazi da Crdilo
kavkasieli. SualedSi, 32-e sulTani (186176 ww.) iyo biZa abdulazizi,
dabadebuli valaxeli dedisgan, romelsac ramdenime qarTveli coli
hyavda – Cikotua, aredba, camba da Hayrânı Dil Kadın Efendi, Safsugi,
Cerqezi emigraciaSi, bolo xalifas Abdülmecid IIs deda. ukanasknel
34-e sulTan abdul hamid IIs (18761909 ww.), aseve ramdenime qarTveli
meuRle hyavda, maT Soris canba, mikanba, kaia, agirba, emuxvari, aCba,
kuCba da ServaSiZe. TurqeTis premierministris erdoRanis Erdoğan
ojaxi rizas provinciidan TurqeTSi gadavida. is ambobda interviuSi:
`mec qarTveli var, Cemi ojaxi qarTuli ojaxia, romelic migraciaSi
wavida baTumidan rizaSi~. iseve, rogorc, magaliTad, TurqeTis me8
prezidenti TurguT ozali Turgut Özal qurTuli warmoSobis iyo
1
.
qarTveli mamluqebi eraySi
monRolebis, tamerlanisa da Turqmeni momTabareebis damangreveli
Semosevebis Semdeg erayis teritoria gaxda TurqeTsparsuli mtrobis
areali. sefevidebis iranze Setevis mizniT, osmaleTis sulTanma
gadawyvita, gaeZlierebina iranis sazRvrebTan eraySi arsebuli
Turquli kontingenti da neba darTo 1702 wels qarTuli warmoSobis
hasan faSas Hassan Pasha da mis vaJs ahmed faSas Ahmed Pasha SeeqmnaT
eraySi mamluqTa Zalebi, romlebmac Camoayalibes qveynis Tanamedrove
sazRvrebi, administracia da efeqtianad akontrolebdnen mas ori
saukunis ganmavlobaSi pirvel msoflio omamde.
baRdadis mmarTvelebma hasan faSam (17041723 ww.) da misma vaJma
ahmed faSam (17231747 ww.) Seqmnes mamluqebis elitaruli 2000kaciani
1
2012 wlis eqshumaciam daadastura, rom misi uecari sikvdili 1993 w.
prezidentobis dros mowavliT aixsneba da braldeba uSiSroebis generals
warudgines, vinaidan is apirebda qurTuli problemis gadaWras avtonomiis
gafarToebis gziT.
601
cxenosanTa korpusi (`qarTuli gvardia~) da cxenosanTa polki `le
vanda~, romelic Sedgeboda ianiCrebTan sabZolvelad gawvrTnili
erayelebisgan. ahmedis sikvdilis Semdeg sulTani ecada, Tavidan
aecilebina mamluqTa damoukidebloba eraySi da Tavisi rwmunebuli
gagzavna baRdadSi.
ahmedis siZem suleiman abu lailam Sulaiman Abu Layla basradan
gailaSqra baRdadze qarTuli gvardiis meTaurobiT da gaagdo osmali
administratori. misi warmatebuli brZolis gamo spars nadir SahTan,
arabebTan da qurTebTan porta iZulebuli iyo, eRiarebina suleiman
abu laila (iTargmneba rogorc bneleTis mefe), rogorc erayis pirveli
mamluqi faSa (174962 ww.).
Semdegi krizisi moxda 1776 wels aseve qarTveli warmoSobis omar
faSas Omar Pasha (176276 ww.) dros, rodesac iranma daipyro basra
mamluqebis Seupovari winaaRmdegobis miuxedavad. portam iCqara
esargebla krizisiT da faSa Caanacvla aramamluqiT, vinc wesrigis
damyareba ver SeZlo. male, 1779 wels mamluqebma irans daatovebines
barsa da suleimani kvlav dabrunda baRdadsa da basraSi 1780 wels.
suleiman faSam Tavis tituls daumata buiuk Büyük `didi~ da marTavda
erays 17801802 wwSi. man Semoiyvana didi raodenobiT qarTvelebi, raTa
gaeZlierebina Tavisi klani. waaxalisa ekonomika da vaWroba, daamyara
diplomatiuri kavSiri evropasTan. darTo neba inglisis aRmosavleT
indoeTis kompaniis mudmivi warmomadgenlobis daarsebas baRdadSi.
vikipediis cnobiT, qurTuli qalaqi suleimania mis saxels atarebs.
suleiman faSa Caanacvla misma siZem hafiz (ali) faSam Hafiz (Ali)
Pasha (18021807 ww.), aseve qarTvelma samegrelodan, romelic daiRupa
brZolaSi. Semdegi mmarTveli iyo aseve qarTveli suleiman kuCuki
(umcrosi) Suleiman Kuchuk afxazeTidan (180713 ww.). is brZolaSi tyved
aiyvanes iranelebma, romelTac xelmZRvanelobda mohamed alimirza
davlaTSahi Mohammad Ali Mirza Dowlatshah, fet ali Sahis vaJi, romelic
qarTveli meuRlisgan Ziba Chehr Khanoumisgan hyavda, magram erzerumisa
da baRdadis qarTuli warmoSobis faSebis moTxovniT, is gaaTavisufles
da daabrunes ukan eraySi.
suleiman kuCukis sikvdilis Semdeg, 1813 wels TurqeTis sul
Tanma misadmi loialuri said faSa Said Pasha (181316 ww.) daniSna,
didi suleimanis vaJi. magram imave suleimanis energiulma, sruli
damoukideblobis moyvarulma siZem daud faSam DaudPasha (181631 ww.)
gaaZeva saidi, baRdadze xelisufleba momdevno 20 wliT xelSi Caigdo
da gaxda erayis sulTani da baRdadis xalifa. osmalTa mTavrobam
uxalisod aRiara misi uflebamosileba.
602
daud faSa, romelic iyo erayis ukanaskneli mamluqi mmarTveli,
daibada qristianul ojaxSi, qvemo qarTlSi (saqarTvelo), mSoblebi
iyvnen giorgi da mariam manvelaSviliboWolaSvili (Tavad orbelianis
yma). is 56 wlis asakSi moitaces da gayides monad 13 wlis asakSi. daud
faSam Seutia irans, TurqeTs, daibruna qurTistani da ganamtkica
Tanamedrove erayis sazRvrebi. Semdeg man xeli mihyo mniSvnelovan
modernizaciis programebs, rac moicavda arxebis gawmendas,
industriuli warmoebis damkvidrebas, armiis reformas evropeli
instruqtorebis daxmarebiT. man gaxsna pirveli fabrikebi da abanoebi,
pirvelad daaarsa stamba, sadac man miiwvia mbeWdavebi Tbilisidan.
misi piradi dacva Sedgeboda SesaniSnavad gamowyobili 1000kaciani
qarTuli kavaleriisgan. 17491831 wwSi erayis yvela qalaqSi qarTveli
mmarTveli iyo. frangi mogzauri oSedua werda, rom daud faSa
gamoiyureboda ufro metad evropeli mefesaviT, vidre azieli SahiviT.
is Zalzed brZeni da avtoritetiani gaxldaT. man dawera ramdenime wigni
da misi filosofiuri wignebi im dros Zalzed progresuli iyo, rasac
aRniSnavda oqsfordis universitetis profesori longrigi.
`babilonis RvTiT kurTxeuli mefe, Tqveni vaJi daud faSa,
mogmarTavT Tqven, Cemo deda mariam, saukeTeso survilebiT da Rrma
surviliT, rom kidev erTxel gixiloT. gTxovT, mobrZandiT Cems
mosanaxuleblad, Tqveni vaJi daud faSa, baRdadis mefe, 1821 wlis
agvisto~, – werda daud faSa Tavis qarTvel dedas 1821 wels. is sTxovda
ruseTis mefesa da ermolovs, kavkasiis mefisnacvals, gaeTavisuflebina
misi ojaxi orbelianis ymobidan. Tavadi orbeliani Tavad ewvia glexis
ojaxs, gaaTavisufla da werilic gadasca. Sesabamisad, ori misi Zma,
Sio da dimitri, ewvien mas baRdadSi. dedam mainc uari Tqva wasvlaze
da maleve gardaicvala kidec.
eraySi avtonomiis arseboba aiZulebda TurqeTis sulTans 1830
wels mieRo gadawyvetileba daud faSas gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb. magram
emisari, vinc warmoadgina brZaneba baRdadSi, daapatimres da sikvdiliT
dasajes. 1831 wels osmalTa armiam lazi ali rida (riza) faSas Ali Rida
(Riza) Pasha (18311842 ww.) xelmZRvanelobiT gailaSqra alepodan eraySi.
Savi Wirisgan gaCanagebuli baRdadi danebda simboluri winaaRmdegobis
gawevis Semdeg. mas Semdeg rac ruseTma gaaZliera kavkasiaSi Tavisi
administracia da aRkveTa axalgazrda meomrebis sazRvris gadakveTa,
mamluqebis rigebi mniSvnelovnad Sesustda. bevri kavkasieli midioda
samxreTiT ara marto iZulebiT, aramed Tavis gamoCenis mizniT. 1831
wlidan osmalTa pirdapiri mmarTveloba damyarda eraySi. imisaTvis,
rom SeenarCunebina mSvidoba da Zalaufleba, ali ridam, warmoSobiT
kavkasielma, bevr mamluqs daubruna Tanamdeboba Tavis mmarTvelobaSi.
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