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am politikis gatarebis SesaZleblobas agreTve aZlevda ame
rikelebis msgavsi politika aborigenuli tomebis winaaRmdeg, bri
tanelebis politika indoeTSi, frangebis politika aziaSi, por
tugalielebis zangebiT vaWroba, yvela evropeli saxelmwifos opiumis
omebi CineTSi da a.S. magram civilizebulma erebma es epizodebi swrafad
gadalaxes, dagmes da moinanies, xolo ruseTi dRemde ar aRiarebs
faqtebs.
sxva qveynebis istoriasTan SedarebiT iyo erTi seriozuli gansx
vaveba, rasac ermolovi werda, rom `mTis xalxi mravalmxrivad ukeTesia,
vidre ruseTis kavaleria an kazakebi. zafxulis dRes SeeZloT cxeniT
gaevloT asi mili ganTiadis mzis Casvlamde, rac evropisTvis, ra Tqma
unda, daujerebeli iqneboda~. msgavsi SemTxveva mxolod adreul Sua
saukuneebSi gvxdeba, rodesac inglisi omobda maTze upirates aborigen
keltiberielebis STamomavlebTan, SotlandielebTan, irlandielebTan
da uelselebTan.
rusi generlebi swavlobdnen napoleonis brZolis xerxebs mam
luqebis winaaRmdeg egvipteSi, magram problema is iyo, rom Tavad
napoleonmac ver moZebna partizanuli omis winaaRmdeg raime
efeqtiani xerxi. rusi imperatoris sayvareli idea iyo, rom Camoegdo
uTanxmoeba, raTa waeqezebina mosaxleoba ebrZolaT erTmaneTTan da
xSirad oqroze momuSave rusi kumikebi ibZodnen CeCnebis winaaRmdeg,
CeCnebi yabardoelebis, es ukanaskneli transyubanis noRaelebis,
eseni ki abazgebisa da Safsungebis winaaRmdeg. am politikis mixedviT,
ermolovi xSirad qiraobda adgilobriv kavalerias mezobeli
teritoriis dasalaSqrad `me ar mWirdeba es aramzadebi, magram min
da, rom maT Soris davTeso SuRli da ganxeTqileba movutano, rac
momavalSi SeiZleba sasargeblo aRmoCndes~. aseTi politika kavkasiaSi
ki yovelTvis efeqtiani iyo. amas emateboda ruseTis evropidan
importirebuli teqnikuri upiratesoba, adgilobrivebs arasdros
gaegonaT qvemexis xma. Tumca yvelas hqonda iaraRi, magram am dros
ruseTis armiaSi brtyelluliani muSketebis nacvlad evropidan
Semovida Rarebiani SaSxanebi, rac metad upiratesi iyo srolis
manZiliT, gadatenvis siCqariT da miznis sizustiT, es ki gadamwyveti
iyo mTebSi dapirispirebisas.
ermolovi afasebda qarTvelebis sabrZolo SesaZleblobebs. is
icnobda da pativs scemda qarTvel general cicianovs zubovis der
bentSi laSqrobidan 1796 wels, rodesac Tavad ermolovi 19 wlis oficeri
iyo. im dros kavkasiaSi ZiriTadad mxolod saqarTvelos gaaCnda saxedro
Zala. Tumca misi zogadi azri qarTvelebze imperialisturi iyo (iseve
rogorc cicianovis azri), rom qarTvelebi arian zarmacebi, xarbebi,
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gaunaTleblebi, warmoSobis siamayiT daavadebulni, Tandayolili
swrafva aqvT anarqiisadmi, magram iyvnen gulmarTali xalxi. da bolos,
isini sakmarisad ar imsaxureben rusebis dacvas. ermolovi werda, rom
evropa kmayofili unda iyos ebraelebiT, radgan maT metad hqondaT
pozitiuri Tvisebebi somxebTan SedarebiT, visTanac mas saqme hqonda
kavkasiaSi.
ermolovma awarmoa warmatebuli diplomatiuri misia sparseTis
samefo karze 1817 wlis ivlisSi. igi Sexvda fat ali Sah yajars
sulTanieSi da mis vaJs abas mirzas TavrizSi. ruseTma datova yvela
dapyrobili miwa, gulistanis xelSekruleba kvlav dadasturda da
ermolovi triumfiT dabrunda TbilisSi. amJamad man xeli mohkida
saqarTvelos administrirebas da gazarda Sida wesrigi da usafrTxoeba.
TbilisSi Seiqmna policia. lekebis maradiori bandebi veRar bedavdnen
soflebis aoxrebasa da vaWarTa transportis Zarcvas. samxedro da
safosto gzebi daigo, gaumjobesda vaWroba da komunikacia. ermolovma
Tbilisis ramdenime quCa qviT daago da gadaxura bazari. evropuli
tipis sazogadoebrivi Senobebis agebam Secvala qalaqis iersaxe. igive
RonisZiebebi tardeboda imereTis Zvel dedaqalaq quTaisSi.
1818 wels ermolovma wamoiwyo kampania lekebis winaaRmdeg da
daRestanSi gagzavna polkovniki pesteli Colonel Pestel or batalionTan
erTad. pestali damarcxda da Sercxvenili ukan gaagzavnes ruseTSi.
1820 wels kampania gaagrZela generalmaiorma madatovma, warmoSobiT
yarabaRidan, romelmac saxeli gaiTqva napoleonis omebSi. madatovma
dapatiJa daRestnis didgvarovnebi, romlebic kargad da Tbilad
miiRes. RamiT, mTebSi dabrunebisas, uxucesebma sagangebo TaTbiri
gamarTes. dabrunebulebi amtkicebdnen, rom ruseTis jarebi ricxviT
cotani iyvnen da daRestnelebma mSvidad daiZines. magram, sinamdvileSi,
ruseTis jaris ZiriTadi nawili karavidan moSorebiT Cumad iyo
mobilizebuli. xolo imave RamiT gahyva ukan mters, avida mTebSi da
daarbia isini. ermolovma madloba gadauxada madatovs SesaniSnavi
misiisTvis da upataka imperators, rom `daRestnis damorCileba,
romelic gasul wels daiwyo, axla bolomde Sesrulebulia~.
ruseTis es warmateba amierkavkasiaSi ganapiroba im kinklaobam,
romelic hqondaT sparselebs, avRanelebs da Turqebs erTmaneTSi. 1821
wels kinaRam omic ki daiwyo TurqeTsa da sparseTs Soris. sparseTis
ufliswuls abas mirzas gaaCnda ingliselebis mier gawvrTinili armia
ingliselebis mier Seqmnil artileriasTan erTad da didi survili
Tavisi samflobelos gafarToebisa. man Tvali TurqeTs daadga.
britanel oficrebs akrZaluli hqondaT gadaekveTaT TurqeTis
sazRvrebi (vinaidan TurqeTSic ingliseli oficrebi msaxurobdnen) da
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abas mirzas banakidan ukan daixies. magram abas mirza ver gaaCeres da
misma jarma TurqeTis baiazidisa da yarsis provinciebi aaoxra. amiT
sparseTis Zalebi ruseTis sazRvars saxifaTod miuaxlovda. aleqsandre
I cdilobda, Tavidan aecilebina aseTi situaciebi da britaneTs
Suamavloba sTxova. sparseTis armia gaecala ruseTis sazRvrebs. mefem
madlobis werili gaugzavna britanel diplomatebs.
1821 wlis oqtombris, mefe aleqsandres brZanebulebiT, saqarT veloSi
rusul da ucxour firmebs mieniWa specialuri sabaJo SeRa vaTebi aTi
wlis manZilze. es gegma SeimuSava rusma mweralma griboedovma Griboedov,
romelic iyo qarTveli didgvarovani ekaterine WavWavaZis Princess Ekaterina
Chavchavadze meuRle. am gegmis mixedviT, unda Seqmniliyo saxelmwifo
samxreT kavkasiis kompania 100 milioni rublis kapitaliT, ruseTSi
erTerTi yvelaze didi. is unda Seqmniliyo indoeTSi britanuli ost
induri kompaniis East India Company msgavsad, romelic marTavda mTel
indoeTis subkontinents sufTa ekonomikuri da ara uxeSi politikuri
meTodebiT. aqcionerebi unda yofiliyvnen generalgubernatorebi, rusi
da qarTveli generlebi, somexi vaWrebi da imperatoris mier daniSnuli
sxva damsaxurebuli pirovnebebi (rogorc axlaa ruseTSi saxelwifo
firmebi – gazpromi, xadakovskisTvis warTmeuli rosnefti da sxva).
mxolod muslimebi iyo gamonaklisi. ruseTs es did mogebas moutanda
soflis meurneobidan, vaWrobidan, abreSumidan, baqos navTobidan da
a.S. Tbilisi da baqo gaxdebodnen erTerTi umdidresi qalaqebi, radgan
yvela gza aziidan evropisken, kavkasiaze gadioda. Tbilisis vaWrebma
daiwyes kavSiris damyareba marselTan, germaniasTan da triestTan, raTa
sparseTSi didi raodenobiT gaetanaT evropuli nawarmi. britanuli,
franguli, Sveicariuli komerciuli saxlebi did interess iCendnen am
mzardi bazrisadmi.
magram yvelaferi 1832 wels dasrulda, rodesac samma berZenma
vaWris ojaxma konstantinopolidan moisyida ruseTis imperatoris
karTan daaxloebuli mosamsaxure peterburgSi da gadasaxadebisgan
gaTavisufleba gauqmda. griboedovis gegma ar ganxorcielda. rus
ma Sovinistebma ramdenime statia gamoaqveynes rusul presaSi, rom
am gegmis mixedviT, SeiZleboda Seqmniliyo meore amerikis Seer
Tebuli Statebi, amjerad kavkasiaSi. baroni rozeni, iukovski,
finansTa ministri kanvini Baron Rosen, Jukovski, Kanvin iCemebdnen,
rom kavkasia iyo kolonia da rom koloniuri politika unda gan
xorcielebuliyo. gadasaxadebi gaizarda da sazRvrebi Caiketa. es
iyo kavkasiis dasasruli. adgilobrivi warmoebac ki akrZaluli iyo.
yvela savaWro gza axla gadioda konstantinopolze. es Cveulebrivi
politika iyo centralizebuli imperiisaTvis, ar aZlevda saSualebas
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