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generali gardani, cdilobda aecilebina Sahis Sexvedra inglisel
ataSeebTan, magram inglisuri mdidruli qrTami (erTerTi uzarmazari
brilianti saCuqrad) iranel didebulebze Zalzed did STabeWdilebas
axdenda, revolucioneruli ideologiis frangebisgan gansxvavebiT,
romlebic Cveulebrivad icvamdnen, ver itandnen absolutizms da raime
saxis qrTams. garda amisa, indoeTTan vaWroba, sadac inglisi mTavari
Zala iyo, iranisTvis Zalzed momgebiani iyo.
elCi malkolmis mixedviT, `sparseTis mefe usmenda bonapartes
molaparakebebs im imediT, rom saSualebas miscemda aRedgina
saqarTvelo~, magram amas mohyva napoleonis evropaSi warumatebloba.
150 specialistisgan Semdgarma safrangeTis delegaciam sabolood
datova irani.
axla inglisma daiwyo iranis armiis gawvrTna da malkolma Semoitana
indoeTidan didi raodenobiT zarbaznebi da tyviawamali. ingliseli
specialistebi akritikebdnen franguli warmoebis zarbaznebs da
brZanes maTi ganadgureba. Tavidan zarbaznebi SemohqondaT indoeTidan,
magram mogvianebiT bombeidan mivlinebulma specialistebma aRadgines
fabieris qarxana da yovel wels adnobdnen 50 qvemexs.
ucxolebTan kavSiri iranSi aleqsandre batoniSvilze, mefe erekle
IIs vaJze, iyo mindobili, xolo TurqeTSi imereTidan emigrirebul
mefe solomonze. aleqsandre ar iyo winaaRmdegi qristiani evropuli
mimarTulebisa, magram ewinaaRmdegeboda ruseTis usamarTlobas,
romelTac daarRvies georgievskis traqtati da misi mamis samefo
ojaxi gaanadgures. aleqsandre ase aRwera Tanamedrove britanelma
mogzaurma – `ufliswuli, romlis damoukideblobisadmi miswrafebuli
suli mTlianad ewinaaRmdegeboda ruseTTan kavSirs~. mogvianebiT,
rodesac igi gardaicvala 1844 wels 74 wlis asakSi, dakrZales
qristianul taZarSi TeiranTan axlos. misi qaliSvili misTxovda rus
dezertirs, samson miakincevs, Sahis piradi dacvis ufross, da maTi
vaJi da aleqsandres SviliSvili, iyo Sahis piradi adiutanti.
imereTis mefe solomon II TurqeTSi 1810 wels moxvda mas Semdeg,
rac ruseTma ultimatumi wauyena, rom mas imereTis qalaq quTaisSi
unda ecxovra TiTqmis SidatyveobaSi ruseTis zedamxedvelobis
qveS. mefem uari ganacxada, magram male igi daatyveves da TbilisSi
gaamgzavres. ramdenime kviraSi man SeZlo gaqceva da Tavi TurqeTs
Seafara. mefe solomoni daxmarebas sTxovda ara marto TurqeTis
sulTans, aramed iranis Sahsac da napoleon bonapartsac. solomoni
1811 wels safrangeTis imperators werda, rom moskovis mefem igi
usamarTlod da aralegalurad moacila Tavis samefos: `SeiZleba,
Tqveno udidebulesobav Tqvens saxels davumato aziis imperatori!
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SeiZleba Tqven keTili ineboT da gamanTavisufloT me, milionobiT
qristianTan erTad, moskovis umowyalo imperatorisagan!~. magram
ise Semotrialda yvelaferi, rom napoleons sakuTari didi armiis
gadarCenac ki ar SeeZlo. Zalebis aRdgenis gareSe, gadasaxlebaSi myofi
solomoni daiRupa 1815 wels da dakrZales trapizonSi wm. gregoris
saxelobis taZarSi.
ruseTi nabijnabij aerTianebda saqarTvelos teritoriebs. 1803
wels samegrelo (dadianiCiqovanis dinastia), 1811 wels rusebma
Seipyres guriis mmarTveli mamia gurieli.
ruseTis jaris kavkasiaSi gamoCenisas (flotis ararsebobis pi
robebSi sanapiro gza rusebisaTvis daketili iyo, vinaidan mtruli
tomebiT iyo dasaxlebuli da amierkavkasiaSi mxolod vladikavkazis
mTebidan gadmodiodnen), qarTlkaxeTis 1801 da samegrelos 1803 wels
ruseTis mier aneqsiis Semdeg afxazeTis mmarTveli qeleS axmedbei
Kelesh AhmedBey SeSfoTda. TurqeTma mas 2 saukunis ganmavlobaSi
okupirebuli soxumis cixesimagre gadasca da piradi dacva dauniSna.
magram misma ufrosma vaJma aslanbeim AslanBey mokla mama 1809 wels,
male damarcxda ruseTTan, dakarga soxumi da gaiqca TurqeTSi.
1810 wlis agvistoSi ruseTis floti, kapitan dodtis meTaurobiT,
sebastopolidan wavida da dabomba soxumi. soxumi da afxazeTi
aneqsirebuli iyo rusebis mier 1810 wels. safar ali bei (konversiis
Semdeg ServaSiZe/CaCba) Safar Ali Bey (Shervashidze/Chachba) afxazeTis
mTavari, Sevida ruseTis mfarvelobaSi. yvela proTurquli Tavadebi
amoxocili iyvnen (Sirokoradi, 2009 weli)
1
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1
ServaSiZis ambavs gagrZeleba aqvs. 1855 wlis yirimis omis ganmavlobaSi Turqi
generli omar faSa (eTnikurad marTl madi debeli serbi an xorvati, aseve
iCemebda qarTvelobas) 20 000kacian razmTan erTad britanuli flotiT
gaemgzavra yiri midan baTumsa da soxumSi. adgilobrivma rusma generalma
mixeil ServaSiZem saswrafod airCia TurqeTis mxare da islami miiRo.
yirimis omis Semdeg ServaSiZe Seiwyala mefe aleqsandre IIm, magram 1864
wels mefem jarebi Seiyvana afxazeTSi da moaxdina misi aneqsireba. mTavari
ServaSiZe daapatimres da SidapatimrobiT tradiciulad gadaasaxles
voroneJSi, sadac igi, yvelasaTvis ucnobi, gardaicvala. Tumca ServaSiZis
sxva warmomadgenlebi agrZelebdnen ruseTis mefis samsaxurSi yofnas. erT
erTi maTgani, giorgi ServaSiZe daniSnuli iyo Tbilisis gubernatorad.
1898 wels igi gagzavnil iqna peterburgSi, sadac msaxurobda imperatrica
maria fiodorovnas samefo karze. garkveuli drois ganmavlobaSi igi misi
morganuli meuRlec ki iyo (rusi mefe aleqsandre IIIs qvrivTan).
Tumca afxazeTi aneqsirebuli iyo 1864 wels, 187778 wlebSic ki, ruseT
TurqeTis omSi, muslimi afxazebi (qristiani megrelebisgan gansxvavebiT)
ibrZodnen rusebis winaaRmdeg da TiTqmis mTlianad gadasaxlebulni
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kavkasiis fronti napoleonTan omis dros
kavkasiis axal generalgubernatorad dainiSna markus filip pau
luCi Marquis Philip Paulucci, romelic gadmovida safrangeTis samsaxuridan.
kavkasiaSi situacia Zalzed daZabuli iyo. samwuxarod, ruseTis
saqarTveloSi yofnis pirvel wlebSi mosaxleobis damo
kidebuleba
ruseTis mimarT, rogorc gamanTavisuflebelisadmi, Zalzed Seicvala.
kaxeTis sofel axmetas glexebi ajanydnen. TianeTSi rus oficers
brali dasdes qarTvel qalze ZaladobaSi da masTan erTad myof
kacebTan erTad nawilebad akuwes. aseve dedaqalaq TbilisSic daiwyo
problemebi da Tavadma orbelianma gaafrTxila gubernatori pauluCi,
rom pasuxs ver agebda qalaqis usafrTxoebaze. osebic ajanydnen.
kaxelebma gansakuTrebuli sisastikiT daxoces siRnaRis garnizoni da
alya Semoartyes kaxeTis dedaqalaqs Telavs. pauluCis ultimatumze
ajanyebulebma ganacxades: `Cven viciT, Tu ramdenad cotani varT
rusebTan SedarebiT da rogor SeuZlebelia maTi damarcxeba. amas
gvirCevnia saerTod gagvJliton. Cven veZebdiT daxmarebas rusebTan da
RmerTis wyalobiT miviReT kidec, magram misi msaxurebis sisastikem da
usamarTlobam Cveni moTminebis fiala aRavso. Cven didxans viTmendiT!~
meamboxeebi rusebma daamarcxes, maTi lideri Tavadi qabulovi Seipyres
da ruseTSi gagzavnes.
1811 wels mxolod bedisweram gadaarCina qristianuli kavkasia.
safrTxe ufro didi iyo, vidre odesme. TurqeTisa da sparseTis mmar
Tvelebma, inglisis miTiTebebiT, mzadyofna gamoacxades, erTob
livi
SetevisTvis ruseTze, qarTveli qristianebis ajanyebis `mxardaWeris~
mizniT. TurqeTis jarSi monawileobda solomoni da iranis jarSi –
aleqsandre. sparseTisa da TurqeTis jarebi erTmaneTs brZolis win
Sexvdnen. magram saswauli moxda. misalmebis aRlumSi monawile qurTma,
romelsac sZulda Turqebi (es dRemde asea), gverdze mdgom erzerumis
serakirs (meTaurs) iaraRi daacala. isedac daZabuli suniturSiituri
dapirispireba mkveTrad gaZlierda.
gacilebiT mZime brZolebi mimdinareobda sazRvrebze. 181112
wlebSi pauluCis generlebi kotliarovski da orbeliani General Kotlia-
revsky with Prince Orbeliani ramdenjerme SeebrZolen abas mirzas, Sahis
vaJs, axalcixeSi, axalqalaqSi, daRestanSi, erevanSi da a.S. 1812 wels
abas mirzam moaxerxa, maiori djinis Major Djini meTaurobiT rusebis
iyvnen TurqeTis teritoriaze (muxajiroba). Cerqezebisa da CrdiloeT
kavkasiis tomebisgan gansxvavebiT, romelTagan erT milionamde adamiani
daiRupa, afxazebi gadarCnen giorgi ServaSiZesa da misi meuRlis maria
fiodorovnas, ruseTis imperatoris qvrivis, piradi Txovnis Sedegad.
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