Zaza anCabaZe evropuli saqarTvelo
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123 daarwmuna, 2 saaTi Cumad esmina, Semdeg ki mTielebma gamoacxades, rom igi Wkuaze ar iyo da marto datoves. muslimuri tradiciis mixedviT, codva iyo raimes daSaveba unarwarTmeuli adamianisTvis. cnobili qarTveli politikosi vano nanuaSvili werda ruseTis rolze kavkasiaSi: `17221723 wlebSi ruseTma da saqarTvelom erTad wamoiwyes omi sparseTis winaaRmdeg; Semdeg ruseTma calke mSvidoba gamoucxada da saqarTvelo datova marto mtris mowyalebis imedad. petre didic zustad ese moiqca montenegrosTan 1711 wels, prutis eqspediciis dros. petre didis es manevri gaimeora ekaterine IIm ruseTTurqeTis omis dros, 17681774 wlebSi. ruseTma saqarTvelosTan dado xelSekruleba da patara razmi gaugzavna general totlebenis meTaurobiT. brZolis saRamos, mtris dasanaxad, totlebenma miatova qarTvelebis banaki. misi mizani iyo, rom qarTuli armia gaenadgurebina Turqebs da umweo qveyana Tavad moeqcia okupaciaSi~. es rusebis sayvareli politikuri manevria. eseTi ram kidev erTxel iqna gamoyenebuli saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg 1795 wels (sparseTis mier Tbilisis aRebis dros), aseve poloneTis winaaRmdeg 1945 wels varSavaSi amboxis dros. istoriulad, saqarTvelom daknineba daiwyo cecxlsasroli iaraRis Seqmnis Semdeg, radgan qarTvelebi da kavkasielebi orTabrZolaSi momxdur momTabareebze gacilebiT Zlierni iyvnen. saqarTvelos Zalzed aklda qarxana, raTa ewarmoebinaT SaSxanebi da qvemexebi. magram SaSxanis importi SesaZlebeli iyo, xolo qvemexebi ki Zalzed `mZime~ iyo. irani da TurqeTi Casafrebuli iyvnen yuradRebiT, raTa aRekveTaT es SesaZlebloba. ase rom, artileristebze didi moTxovna iyo saqarTveloSi. Cven SegviZlia axla mxolod vivaraudoT, Tu ratom undoda alqsandres, petres Zmas, eswavla da gamosuliyo artileristi. faqtia, rom rusuli armiis eTnikurad qarTveli oficrebis garkveuli nawili ekaterinesa da sxva rus mefeebs ugzavnidnen werilebs TxovniT, rom gaeSvaT saqarTveloSi, raTa emsaxuraT, razec mudmivad uars iRebdnen. aSkarad ruseTsac ar surda saqarTvelos gaZliereba da rom ar yofiliyo damokidebuli ruseTis samxedro mxardaWeraze. msgavsi mizezis gamo ruseTi xels uSlida bulgareTs da saberZneTs ise gaZlierebuliyvnen, rom konstantinopoli ruseTis gareSe aeRoT, an pirdeboda daxmarebas somxebs, magram bolos martod tovebda. ruseTis mier saqarTvelos aneqsia kargadaa aRwerili devid marSal langis wignSi `Tanamedrove saqarTvelos istoria~/1962 weli/NY. 124 kavkasiis rusi general-gubernatorebi q. TbilisSi iyvnen: karl fon knoringi Karl von Knorring 18011802 pavle cicianovi Pavel Tsitsianov 18021806 ivan gudoviCi
Ivan Gudovich 18061809 aleqsandre tormasovi Alexander Tormasov 18091811 filip pauluCi Philip Paulucci 18111812 nikolai rtiSCevi Nikolay Rtishchev 18121816 aleqsei ermolovi Aleksey Yermolov (Ermolov) 18161827 ivan paskeviCi
Ivan Paskevich 18271831 gregor fon rozeni Gregor von Rosen 18311838 evgeni golovini Yevgeni Golovin 18381842 aleqsandre neidgarti Aleksandr Neidgart 18421844 mixeil voroncovi Mikhail Vorontsov 18441854 nikolai muraviovamurski Nikolay MuravyovAmursky 18541856 aleqsandr bariatinski Aleksandr Baryatinsky 18561862 grigol orbeliani Grigol Orbeliani 1862
didi mTavari mixeil nikolaeviCi
Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolayevich 18621882 aleqsandre dondukovkorsakovi
Aleksandr DondukovKorsakov 18821890 sergei Seremetievi Sergei Sheremetyev 18901896 grigori golicini Grigori Golitsin 18961904 ilarion voroncovdaSkovi
Illarion VorontsovDashkov 19041916 didi mTavari nikolai nikolaeviCi
Grand Duke Nikolay Nikolayevich 19161917 sanam mefe pavle cocxali iyo, kavkasieli generlebi usamsaxurod iyvnen. da uecrad, 1801 wels aleqsandre Iis gamefebiT, yvelaferi Seicvala. ekaterines drois oficrebi aRadgines, xolo aleqsandre Iis bavSvobis megobari, generali cicianovi (ciciSvili), qarTuli aristokratiuli ojaxis STamomavali, daniSnul iqna kavkasiis xazis mTavarsardlad. imperiis saukeTeso tradiciebis Sesabamisad, qarTveli generlebi ibrZodnen poloneTSi, xolo poloneli da ukraineli generlebi ibrZodnen kavkasiaSi. 1794 wels qarTveli cicianovi ibrZoda poloneTSi amerikis revoluciis monawilis, Tomas jefersonis megobris tadeuS kostiuSkos ajanyebis CasaxCobad. varSavis Sturmis Semdeg suvorovma Tavis brZanebaSi miuTiTa jariskacebs, rom `ebrZolaT rogorc mamaci cicianovi~. ekaterine mas eZaxda `Cems generals~. is monawileobas iRebda valerian zubovis, romelic aseve monawileobda polonelebis winaaRmdeg omSi da piradad awamebda xalxs, sparseTisken laSqrobaSi 1796 wels rogorc gamocdili samxedro mrCeveli.
125 raTa moeZebna gamosavali saqarTveloSi qaosis dros, cicianovi mixvda, rom es SesaZlebeli iqneboda mxolod adgilobrivi samefo ojaxis qveynidan moSorebis SemTxvevaSi. `SiSi da gaumaZRroba, es is ori ZiriTadi mizezia im umsgavsobisa, rac aq xdeba~ – werda cicianovi imperator aleqsandre Is. man nebarTva miiRo, rom qarTuli yofili samefo ojaxi gadaesaxlebina ruseTSi. maiorigeneral lazarevi, ruseTis armiis mmarTveli TbilisSi, mivida dedofal mariamTan, mefe giorgi XIIis qvrivTan, raTa igi da misi Svilebi gaecilebina ruseTSi. dedofali mariami general cicianovis naTesavi iyo, misi qaliSvilobis gvari iyo ciciSvili. rodesac lazarevi mariamis oTaxebSi Sevida, man naxa dedofali taxtze mjdomi Tavis 7 mZinare bavSvTan erTad garSemortymuli. rodesac mas uTxres, rom dro iyo gamgzavrebisa, dedofalma iSiSvla xanjali, lazarevs gulmkerdSi Caartya da uTxra: `ai, ase kvdebian isini, vinc cdiloben Seuracxyofa daamaton Cems ubedurebas!~ jariskacebi mivardnen dedofalTan da gaagdebines xmali. maT gamoiyvanes dedofali saxlidan, sadac sisxliT iyo yvelaferi dasvrili, saswrafod Casves bavSvebTan erTad etlSi da gaamgzavres Zlier dacvasTan erTad. Tagauri osebi Tagaur Ossets amaod ecadnen, daexsnaT dedofali mariami. ruseTSi CasvlisTanave igi daapatimres Svidi wliT voroneJis dedaTa monasterSi, Semdeg moskovSi da 1850 wels dakrZales TbilisSi. es sazareli ambavi swrafad gavrcelda CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi da mezobel muslimanTa Soris, rac zrdida winaaRmdegobas fanatikurad. mogvianebiT, 1857 wels svaneTis mTavarma konstantine dadeSqelianma mokla quTaisis general gubernatori. cicianovma gaaerTiana samegrelo (mTavari dadiani) da imereTi (mefe solomoni) saqarTvelos sasargeblod 1804 wels. 4 saukunis win damsxvreuli uZvelesi iberia rogorc iqna gaaerTiana cicianovma aleqsandre Iis samefo kverTxis qveS. amave 1804 wlis ianvars generalma cicianovma StrumiT aiRo erTerTi mniSvnelovani cixesimagre ganja da uwoda mas elizavetpoli, mefe aleqsandres meuRlis pativsacemad. mogvianebiT, 1804 wels, rodesac cicianovma 10 000kaciani jariTa da 20 zarbazniT gailaSqra erevnisken, sparseTis fati ali Sah yajari, Tavis vaJ abas mirzasTan erTad, 140 000 armiiT Sexvda erevanTan axlos. rusebi Ronegamoclilebi iyvnen da iZulebuli gaxdnen, ukan daexiaT. es ki sparseTis udides gamarjvebad gamocxadda. 1806 wlis ianvarSi cicianovma gailaSqra baqoze. misi ultimatumi yovelTvis mokle da agresiuli iyo. is mters swerda: `am werilis weris dros Zalzed gaSmagebuli var. me ar gamovgzavni Cems armias, aramed Tavad moval da Tqvens miwas sisxliT gavavseb... gadavwvav yvelafers,
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