115
gareSec Tavi memkvidred miaCnda da mxolod damtkicebas iTxovda.
gansakuTrebulma warmomadgenlebma musinpuSkinma da akademikosebis
mTelma jgufma warmoadgina moxseneba saqarTvelos ruseTTan aneqsiis
sargeblobis Sesaxeb. saboloo saxelmwifo sabWo saqarTvelos sakiTxze
dainiSna 1801 wlis 1 agvistos, sadac musinpuSkini, rostopCini, sagareo
politikis mmarTveli, da laSqarevi (bibiluri), qarTveli warmoSobis
diplomati, knoringi, zubovi mxars uWerdnen aneqsias, vinaidan damou
kidebel saqarTveloSi gaCaRdeboda Sida omebi da am qveynis ruseTis
saerTaSoriso miznebisaTvis gamoyeneba SeuZlebeli gaxdeboda. meore
jgufi ki (voroncovi, koCubei da sxvebi) ewinaaRmdegebodnen amas,
radgan, monarqistuli principebidan gamomdinare, mezobeli samefos
aneqsia usamarTlo iqneboda, saerTaSoriso kanonebs daarR
vevda
da arevda britaneTTan urTierTobas. laSqarevi aneqsias emxro
boda, magram fiqrobda, rom Tavdapirvelad Crdilo kavkasieli mo
winaaRmdege tomebi unda daepyroT. saxelmwifo sabWos samdivnos
samxedro departamentis mmarTvelic qarTveli didgvarovani generali
cicianovi iyo, mefe aleqsandres bavSvobis megobari. 1801 wlis 12
seqtembers knoringis moxsenebaze dayrdnobiTa da saxelmwifo sabWos
gadawyvetilebiT, aleqsandre Ima xeli moawera (Tavisive mefed
kurTxevamde 3 dRiT adre (!), romelic 15 seqtembers iyo dagegmili)
meore manifests saqarTvelos aneqsiis Sesaxeb, raTa Tavidan aecilebina
Sida dapirispireba, rom daecva iveria sparseTisgan mosalodneli
sisxlisRvrisgan da gaegrZelebina ekaterine IIis miznebi. am manifestSi
aRwerilia mierTebis upiratesobebi mosaxleobisaTvis da gare
safrTxeebi, mxars uWerda pavles gadawyvetilebas, riTic dasrulda
aleqsandres orWofoba kavkasiaSi qristianuli politikis gatarebis
mimarTulebis Sesaxeb.
saqarTvelos mefis, giorgi XIIis vaJebis sakiTxic Cveulebriv
iyo gadawyvetili. Camosulma knoringma CamoaSora daviTi yvela
saqmianobas. knoringma daaarsa policia TbilisSi da adgilobrivi
mTavroba. ganaw yenebulma daviTma generlis boZebuli Tanamdebobidan
gadadgomis Sesaxeb pataki dawera, romelic mefem ar daakmayofila.
daviTs neba darTes, hqonoda qarTlkaxeTis mefis wodeba, magram es
wodeba memkvidreobiTi ar iyo, misi Svilebi Cveulebrivi princebi
iqnebodnen da Semdeg TaobebSi asimilebulni. tradiciulad, giorgi
daniSnul iqna ruseTis senatSi, hqonda rusi generlis tituli da
misi an misi STamomavlobis saqmianobis Sesaxeb araferia cnobili
saqarTveloSi. maTi dumili mosyiduli iyo iseve, rogorc es sxva
koloniebSi primitiul aborigenebSi xdeboda.
116
bagrationTa dinastiis TiTqmis revoluciuri gziT gadayenebis
faqtis CaCumebis mizniT yvela qarTveli Tavadaznauri Seyvanili
iyo ruseTis Tavadebis reestrSi da warmoudgenlad bevri maTgani
gaxda uzarmazari imperiis aristokratiis wevri. bagrationTa samefo
dinastiis warmomadgenlebic Seyvanili iyvnen ara rogorc samefo
warmomavlobis ufliswulebi, aramed rogorc Cveulebrivi Tavadebi
1
.
Tumca saqarTvelo, inglisis msgavsad, da gansxvavebiT ruseTisa da
germaniisgan, arasdros aiZulebda ufliswuls, colad SeerTo samefo
ojaxis warmomadgeneli dedofali, raTa gadaecaT samefo statusi
maTi SvilebisTvis. frangi mefeebi saerTod ar Tvlidnen, rom sxvagan
arsebobda sxva romelime Tanatoli samefo dinastia.
saqarTvelos aneqsia mxolod mefe giorgis Zmam, darejanis Svilma,
aleqsandrem gaaprotesta. mas moRalateobaSi dasdes brali da Tavi
sparseTs Seafara. ufliswuli ramdenjerme Seecada saqarTvelos
ramdenime provinciaSi warumatebeli antirusuli amboxi moewyo.
aleqsandrem colad SeirTo somxeTis mmarTvelis qaliSvili. orives,
aleqsandresac da sparseTis xelisuflebasac, imedi hqondaT, rom es
xels Seuwyobda somxebisgan mxardaWeris miRebas rusebis winaaRmdeg.
misi brZola uSedego aRmoCnda. igi dakrZalulia somxur eklesiaSi
TeiranSi, iranSi. misi SviliSvilebi mohamed Tagi bahari da haj Seix
1
es ambavi 1911 wels gagrZelda, rodesac ruseTis samefo ojaxis wevrs,
princesa tatiana romanovs (ruseTis didi mTavris konstantines qaliSvili)
Seuyvarda qarTuli dinastiis ojaxis wevri, ufliswuli konstantine
bagrationmuxraneli, mogvianebiT, imperator nikoloz IIis samxedro
adiutanti. tatianas mSoblebma aukrZales daqorwineba uTanasworobis
gamo. wyvilisTvis es tragedia iyo. imperatorma nikolozma da imperatrica
aleqsandram piradad uTxra did mTavar konstantines, rom `tatianas
bagrationTan qorwinebas arasdros Sexedavdnen marginatikulad, radgan
is odesRac samefo dinastiis STamomavali iyo~. bunebrivia, patarZals
aseve sTxoves, uari eTqva Tavis uflebaze ruseTis samefo taxtze, rac
tradiciulad xdeboda, rodesac ruseTis samefo ojaxis gogona colad
mihyveboda ucxo (miT umetes, mezobeli qveynis) ufliswuls. qorwinebas
samefo ojaxi daeswro. 1911 wlis am qarTulrusuli qorwinebis erTa
derTi vaJi ixsenebs, rom imperatori nikolozi azrs gamoTqvamda, rom
sasiZos saqorwino mowmobaze moewera xeli, rogorc `saqarTvelos
ufliswuli~ `Prince of Georgia~. miuxedavad misi piradi saubrebisa mTavar
konstantinesTan, mefes ar gamoucia raime formaluri dadgenileba, rom
maTi qorwineba Tanabaruflebiani iyo. 1914 wels daiwyo pirveli msoflio
omi da ufliswuli bagrationi brZolis dros daiRupa frontze 1915 wels.
or welze nakleb droSi ki romanovebi gadayenebul iyvnen samefo taxtidan.
tatiana meored aRar gaTxovila da ierusalimis monasterSi gardaicvala.
117
ahmad bahari MohammadTaghi Bahar and Haj Sheikh Ahmad Bahar, orive
iraneli mwerali, poetebi da politikosebi iyvnen.
XXI saukunis yirimis operaciis msgavsad, marTlac, situacia drois
mxriv unikaluri iyo, radgan iyo SesaZlebloba aneqsia momxdariyo
uzarmazari strategiuli teritoriebisa, romelzec dasaxlebuli
iyo qristiani mosaxleoba ise, rom ar daRvriliyo arc erTi wveTi
sisxli. ramdenime weliwadSi es SeuZlebeli iqneboda, radgan sparse
Ti da TurqeTi SeiZleba gaZliereba, da aseve ingliselma da frangma
emisrebma daiwyes im qveynebSi infiltracia, magram zustad im
dros Soreuli saqarTvelo evropaSi aravis adardebda. ramdenime
welSi, 1807 wels napoleonis emisarma jubertma Jaubert ukve moamzada
niadagi safrangeTsa da sparseTs Soris strategiuli kavSiris
xel
Sek
rulebaze xelmosawerad da mxolod tilzitis samSvidobo
SeTanxmebam ar misca napoleons SesaZlebloba kavkasiaSi iranis mxa
res Careuliyo. am situaciiT isargebles ingliselma emisrebma da
iranSi frangebi Caanacvles. gulistanis samSvidobo SeTanxmebaSi
Gulistan peace saqarTvelo ukve formaluradac aRiarebul iqna ruseTis
mflobelobaSi.
zustad am dros britanelebi indoeTSic imaves akeTebdnen, mag
ram gansxvavebulad. induri patara saxelmwifoebi imarTeboda ad
gilob
rivi ufliswulebis mier da isini inaxavdnen inglisel jarebs
Tavian
Ti xarjebiT. magram es mxolod inteleqtualur britanul
administracias SeeZlo sxvadasxva patara saxelmwifosa da garemoebebis
gaTvaliswinebiT marTva, rusul administracias SeeZlo emuSava mxolod
sruli kontrolis pirobebSi, Tundac sakuTari uzarmazari xarjiT.
amave dros, ruseTsa da saqarTvelos Soris urTierTobebi ufro
naklebad megobruli, an, miT umetes, raime saxis winaaRmdegoba yofiliyo
da mTeli es situacia ganxiluliyo saerTa S o riso kanonis Sesabamisad
da ara rogorc Sida Zmuri qristianuli saqmeebi, aneqsia amdeni
saerTaSoriso kanonebis darRveviT SeuZlebeli iqneboda. situacias
amZimebda is garemoebac, rom saqarTveloc ar iyo inteleqtualurad
mzad TanamedroveobisaTvis. mas hyavda gmiri mefeebi, magram ar
hyavda modernizebuli administracia. rusebs ar SeeZloT im mefesTan
molaparakebis gamarTva, romelic cxenze amxedrebuli uZRveboda
brZolebs. qarTveli mefe ver ijdeboda furclebiT magidasTan da
ganaTlebuli kadrebi ar iyo. mTeli qveynis mierTebisTvis erTi
manifestic sakmarisi aRmoCnda.
aleqsandre pirvelis piradi ganwyoba imperiis ararusuli mosax
leobis mimarT pozitiuri iyo. aleqsandres sZulda yvelaferi rusuli,
ar laparakobda rusulad, parizis okupaciis dros ukrZalavda
Dostları ilə paylaş: |