Zaza anCabaZe evropuli saqarTvelo
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107 des Kakasus.~ man aRwera saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi eTnikurad sxvadasxva xalxi da aRniSna zogi tomis warmoSoba. magaliTad, igi werda, rom svanebi (an abazgebi), romlebic mdinare kodoris napirebze cxovroben, egviptidan modian da mis droSic ki zogi axalgazrda mebrZoli midioda iq, raTa emsaxuraT maTi ufliswulebisTvis an sulac TviTon xdebodnen mmarTvelebi. man aRwera lazebi, rodesac isini lazikas edgnen saTaveSi, Savi zRvis samxreT napirebze, centriT trapizonSi. is aRwers megrelebs, kolxebisa da egriselebis pirdapir STamomavalT. aseve imereTi warmodgenili iyo, rogorc Zveli kolxeTisa da iberiis nawili. reinegi werda, rom imerlebi saqarTveloSi yvelaze lamazi xalxi iyo, gansakuTrebiT ki mamakacebi. is aseve aRniSnavda, rom swored maT miaCndaT Tavi noes STamomavlebad, romelmac wyaldidobis Semdeg daaarsa samyaro. maT aseve sjerodaT, rom isini espaneTidan modiodnen metalis mosapoveblad da swored amitom aqvs orive qveyanas erTi Ziri – iberia. reinegi aRniSnavda mTis TuS (xevsur) xalxs, romelic 2000 ojaxisgan Sedgeboda da romlebic Zalzed mamaci qristiani meomrebi iyvnen mefis samsaxurSi da warmoadgendnen mis dacvas brZolebis dros. maTi rwmeniT, isini `evropidan~ movidnen. marTlac, reinegis TqmiT isini yvela sxva mezoblebisgan gansxvavdebodnen, isxdnen skamebze da eZinaT loginebSi, rodesac sxvebi iZinebdnen da sxdebodnen iatakze (ixileT Tavi `jvarosnebi~). 1671 wels frangma mogzaurma Sardenma aRwera Tbilisi, rogorc ulamazesi qalaqi aRmosavleTSi. 1700 wels turneforma es qalaqi sasaxleebis gareSe naklebad momxibvlelad aRiqva. 1795 wels Tbilisi ukve nangrevebad iyo qceuli. saqarTvelom da ruseTma isargebles iranis drobiTi dasustebiT, rodesac is kvlav daipyres avRanelebma 1782 wels da 1783 wlis 24 ivliss georgievskis traqtats moaweres xeli. termini `gruzia~ da `gruzin~ pirvelad iyo rusebis mier gamoyenebuli oficialur dokumentSi. xelSekrulebis mixedviT, ereklem aRiara ruseTis proteqtorati ereklesi da misi dinastiis dacvis sanacvlod. imereTis mefemac gamoTqva survili SeerTeboda am xelSekrulebas zaviT, magram rusebi ar dasTanxmdnen, vinaidan irRveoda quCukkainarjis xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebuli TurqeTis uflebebi imereTze. 1783 wels georgievskis traqtatis 1 xelmoweris Semdeg, 1800 kaciani ruseTis ori batalioni polkovnik burnaSevis meTaurobiT Sevida 1 traqtatiT, piroba eZleodaT, rom erekle da misi memkvidreebi samudamod iqnebodnen monarqebi da ruseTi ar Caereoda maT Sida saqmeebSi. ruseTs unda daebrunebina qarTlkaxeTisTvis istoriuli teritoriebi TurqeTidan. samwuxarod, merve punqtSi eklesiis avtokefaliis miuxedavad saqarTvelos patriarqi daeqvemdebara ruseTis sinods, rangiT merve adgilze tobolskis Semdeg.
108 saqarTveloSi, magram 1787 wels ruseTsaqarTvelos laSqrobis dros ganjaSi, burnaSevma brZaneba miiRo, rom gabrunebuliyo kavkasiidan. amave wels iwyeboda TurqeTruseTis meore omi da vinaidan ruseTis mier saqarTvelos efeqtiani dacvis SesaZlebloba ar iyo, amjobines muslimi mezoblebisTvis gamaRizianebeli Zalis scenidan gaqroba. Tavidan amas hqonda Sedegi, magram male Turqebma da iranelebma cdunebas ver gauZles da 1789 wels ieriSi miitanes saqarTveloze, xolo ruseTi am yvelafers Soridan uyurebda. rusi diplomatebisTvisac ki uCveulo iyo georgievskis traqtatis Semdeg aseTi Seuracxyofa. magram ereklem muslimebTan brZola sakmaod warmatebulad warmarTa. swored mas sTxova Sah aRa mahmad xanma Suamavloba ruseT Tan, raTa iranSi mieRo samefo gvirgvini 1786 wels, samagierod erekles Sehpirda mTel azerbaijanis saxanos. magram ereklem araswori arCevani gaakeTa da daexmara mis Zmas, romelic dahpirda ruseTs qveSevrdomobas. erekle ar daeswro aRa mahmad xanis koronacias da man SurisZieba gadawyvita. 1791 wlisTvis man daiqvemdebara saqarTvelos yvela mezobeli muslimi vasali. erekle kvlav iZulebuli iyo ruseTisgan eTxova daxmareba, magram ekaterinem 1792 wels miswera, rom ar gagzavnida saqarTveloSi damxmare jars. ruseTis oficialuri istoriografiis mixedviT, mefe erekles Ralatis gamo, vinaidan man xeli moawera Tavdausxmelobis xelSekrulebas TurqeTTan 1787 wels bulgareTSi ruseTTurqeTis omis dros. 1795 wels mefe erekle iZulebuli iyo dapirispireboda qarTl kaxeTSi 70 000 sparselis Semosevas Sah aRa mahmad xanis meTaurobiT. erekles ultimatumi wauyenes georgievskis traqtatis denonsirebis Sesaxeb: `Tqveno udidebulesobav, iciT rom bolo 100 Taoba eqvemdebarebodiT irans; axla ki Tqven miejaWveT ruseTs~. amas garda, xans piradi mizezebic hqonda, rom sZuleboda mefe erekle, radgan aRa mahmad xanis mama mokles da misi 5 wlis vaJi daasaWurises adil Sahis brZanebiT, romelic iyo erekle mefisa da iranSi myofi qarTuli klanis naTesavi da axlobeli. mcxeTa daipyres da gadawves, magram cnobili taZari gadarCa, naxiCevanis xanis moTxovniT, rom dauSvebelia gmiri qarTveli mefeebis saflavebis Sebilwva. krwanisis brZolis velze 5000 qarTveli daamarcxa 35 000 iranelma. 300 aragveli am brZolaSi mamacurad daeca. aRa mahmad xanma samjer daixia da iZulebuli gaxda ufro meti rezervisti moexmo. man daayena Turqmenebi misi jaris ukan da ubrZana yvelas mokvla, vinc ukan daixevda. 1795 wlis 11 seqtembers aRa mahmad xanis armiam aiRo Tbilisi da is ukanasknelad gaanadgura. eklesiebi miwasTan iyo gasworebuli.
109 mcxovreblebi TavianT saxlebSive iyvnen amoxocili. Tbilisi sastikad iyo dangreuli (maSindeli nangrevebi dRemdea Semonaxuli) da mosaxleoba Seubraleblad amoJletili. magram es `carieli~ gamarjveba iyo. damxmare ruseTis batalioni gudoviCis meTaurobiT mxolod 1 oqtombers gamoCnda, 18 dReSi Tbilisis ganadgurebidan, da 6 oqtombers Tbilisi ganTavisuflebuli iyo. samwuxarod, qveynis mosaxleoba ganaxevrda. raTa aRedginaT prestiJi, 1796 wels ruseTma oficialurad gamoac xada omi `aralegitimuri~ aRa mahmad xanis winaaRmdeg, rom daecvaT qarTveli qristianebi. Tumca ekaterines gegma iyo agreTve daemyarebina indoeTTan savaWro gza, riTic konkurencias uwevda britanul Zalas. 13 000 rusi jariskaci 24 wlis valerian zubovis meTaurobiT gagzavnil iqna yajaris dasaxmareblad. ruseTis jarma datova kizliari 1796 wlis aprilSi da Tavs daesxa derbents maisSi. zubovis jarebma didi winaaRmdegobis gareSe daipyres axlandeli azerbaijanis teritoria, 3 ZiriTadi qalaqis CaTvliT – baqo, Semaxa da ganja. noemberSi isini ukve ganlagdnen sparseTis sazRvrebTan im ganzraxviT, rom daepyroT iranis saxelmwifo. mTavarsardalma zubovma dasaxa gegma, romelic imperatricam moiwona, Seteva ganexorcielebina konstantinopolze da aeRorZinebinaT saberZneTi ruseTis proteqtoratis qveS. mofiqrebuli iyo dedaqalaqis axali saxelwodeba cargradi an ekaterinenburgi. magram amave TveSi, 1796 wlis noemberSi, ruseTis imperatrica gardaicvala. mis vaJs imperator pavles (17961801) dedamisi sZulda, radgan ekaterine apirebda moewyo wveuleba da gamoecxadebia, rom pavles magivrad misi sayvareli SviliSvili (Semdeg imperatori aleqsandre I) miiRebda gvirgvins. magram ekaterine insultiT gardaicvala, sanam gancxadebas gaakeTebda. pavles sZulda ekaterines yvela rusi generali zubovis CaTvliT, sZulda yvela rusi da marTlmadidebeli, da jarebs ubrZana ukan, ruseTSi dabrunebuliyvnen. 1797 wels zubovis yvela dapyrobili teritoria mitovebuli iyo vladikavkazis CaTvliT. am cvlilebam warmoSva imedgacrueba da mtroba Zlevamosil zubovsa da sxva oficrebSi: maT Soris iyvnen is meomrebi, romlebmac pavle mokles 5 wlis Semdeg 1 .
mefe pavles sxva gegmebi hqonda. hercogma giulio renato de litam Count Giulio Renato de Litta (misi qaliSvili gaxda cnobili qarTveli generlis petre bagrationis meuRle) gadasca imperator pavles wminda ioanes ierusalimis hospitalierebis maltas raindebis ordenis didi masteris Grand Master of the Knights St. Joan Jerusalem Hospitaller wodeba, rac ucnauri iyo, vinaidan ordeni kaTolikuri gaxldaT. ordeni uZvelesi (Seiqmna tamplierebTan erTad da monawileobda jvarosnul omebSi) da gavleniani iyo, magram 1798 Yüklə 4,48 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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