Zaza anCabaZe evropuli saqarTvelo
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112 es yirimSi gakeTda. imperator pavles gegma iyo, bagration mefes emarTa ruseTis kanonebis mixedviT, saqarTvelos yvela Semosavali ruseTis imperias gadaecemoda, mefe ki xelfass miiRebda, ruseTis jarebi ganTavsdebodnen saqarTvelos qalaqebsa da cixesimagreebSi, rac imperiaSi privilegirebul regions niSnavda. 1798 wlis oqtomberSi giorgi XII ruseTis mefisTvis miweril werilSi iTxovda qarTlkaxeTis mefobaze damtkicebas, xolo misi vaJis memkvidred aRiarebas, razedac Tanxmoda miiRo kidec. problema imaSi iyo, rom daberebasTan erTad mefe erekle sul metad avadmyofobda da saqmeebi miuSva. 1750 wels man iTxova mesame coli, samegrelos mflobelis asuli darejani. dasustebuli mefe ver SeewinaaRmdega meuRlis zewolas da xeli moawera kanons, rom memkvidre giorgis Semdeg xdeboda ara giorgis ufrosi Svili daviTi, aramed misi Zma, darejanis Svili aleqsandre, rac tradicias ewinaaRmdegeboda. daiw yo civi omi yvelasi yvelas winaaRmdeg, rasac Crdilo mezobeli ostaturad aRvivebda. yvela Zma Zmis SiSiT qiraobda lekebis jars piradi dacvisTvis. ekonomika amas ver uZlebda. CaerTo erovnuli TviTganadgurebis meqanizmi. giorgis avadmyofobis gamo misi ZiriTadi amocana gaxda misi Svilis daviTis da ara romelime Zmis gamefeba. amave dros darejani farxmals ar yrida da giorgis fizikuri sisustis fonze sul met da met momxreebs ibirebda Tavis mxares. omi yovel wuTs SeiZleba dawyebuliyo. giorgi mixvda, rom mxolod ruseTisTvis Zalauflebis srulad gadacema uzrunvelyofda misi Svilis taxtze asvlas da rusebis xiStebiT iq gamagrebas Tundac nominalurad. 1799 wlis 7 seqtembers mefe giorgi ruseTis mefesTan gagzavnil werilSi saerTod uars ambobda mefobaze da mxolod ramdenime sofels iTxovda ruseTSi, raTa dasaxlebuliyo, oRond misi Svili gamefebuliyo Zmebis jinaze 1
moxseniebas. ruseTma am sisustiT srulad isargebla. tradiciulad, maT ar dauWires mxare arc erT mowinaaRmdege mxares da SuRls piriqiT aRvivebdnen fuWi dapirebebiT da Worebis gavrcelebiT. dabolos, 1800 wlis 15 noembers pavlem gasca saidumlo werilobiTi gankarguleba general knoringze, rom Sesuliyo jarebiT saqarTveloSi imis garantiiT, rom giorgi XIIs wyalmankiT (angina) gardacvalebis Semdeg aravin gamoacxadebda Tavs qarTlkaxeTis mefed, radgan saqarTvelo 1 sabWoTa istorikosebis dros giorgis mier taxtze uaris Tqmas da ruseTSi misi samefos sruli aneqsiis moTxovnas tomebi eZRvneboda, magram mizezi sinamdvileSi umartivesi da ukve damonebuli qveynisTvis tipuri iyo. 113 mTlianad aneqsirebuli iqneboda ruseTis imperiis mier. Sedegad am `warmatebuli diplomatiisa~, erTi gasrolis gareSe, samefo gaqmda ise, rom nominaluradac saqarTvelos mefis titutli aravis ar gadaeca. aTaswliani dinastia gauqmda! gadahyva tradicul kavkasiur SuRls. magram knoringma ver Caaswro. amave wlis 28 dekembers mefe giorgi gardaicvala da misma Svilma daviTma daiyolia iq myofi rusi generali gulakovi is memkvidred gamoecxadebina. yvela eloda ruseTis mefis gadawyvetilebas. pavle iZulebuli iyo pozicia gaemkacrebina da 1800 wlis dekemberSi xeli moawera pirvel manifests, romelic gamoacxada generalma knoringma TbilisSi 1801 wlis ianvarSi, rom qarTlisa da kaxeTis samefoebi gauqmebulia, qarTveli mefis, giorgi XIIs survilis Tanaxmad, rom ar iqneboda axali mefe, qarTli da kaxeTi mTlianad SeuerTda ruseTis imperias. aman gamoiwvia saqarTvelos damoukideblobis Sewyveta da bagrationebis dinastiis mileniumis xanis dasasruli. saqarTvelos samefo gvirgvini da kverTxi, romelsac ukanaskneli mefe atarebda, ruseTSi, kremlSi inaxeba, Tumca damou kide beli saqarTvelos kuTvnilebaa. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo ruseTis imperias SeuerTda, iseve rogorc kurlandia iyo inkorporirebuli poloneTidan 1796 wels. 1801 wlis 1 ianvars irlandia da gaerTianebuli samefo SeerTda. 1798 wels elzasi da Jeneva safrangeTs miuerTda. amave dros, rodesac siuzereni veRar icavs Tavis vasals, mas ufleba aqvs uari Tqvas vasalobaze da sxva patroni monaxos, rogorc holandiam Tqva uari germaniasTan kavSirze, radgan am ukanasknelma ver daicva igi kaTolike espaneTisagan, an rogorc lucerni mitovebul iqna avstriisgan da Sevida Sveicariis konfederaciaSi. male, or TveSi, 1801 wlis martSi, mefe pavle I moklul iqna Tavisive saZinebel oTaxSi, wminda miqaelis cixesimagreSi, generlebis zubovis, hanoverian benigsenisa da qarTveli warmoSobis vladimer iaSvilis mier Generals Zubov, Bennigsen and Vladimir Yashvili. pavles memkvidrem aleqsandre Ima, gadatrialebis mxardamWerma, iaSvili Tanamdebobidan gaaTavisufla. imis gamo, rom ar hqonda ufleba wasuliyo moskovsa da peterburgSi, man momdevno ramdenime weli iZulebiT gaatara ruseTis Soreul sofelSi. saqarTveloSi rusi generali lazarevi sruliad vakuumSi aRmoCnda. mas aranairi miTiTeba ar hqonda, Tu ras upirebda ruseTis mefe da mTavroba saqarTvelos. daviTma energiulad daiwyo Tavis reJimis ganmtkiceba. daiwyo miwebis warTmeva da loialuri TavadebisTvis gadacema. daiwyo kanonebis SemoRebac, risi ufleba manifestis Sesa bamisad ukve giorgisac ar hqonda.
114 axali mefe aleqsandre I (18011825 ww.) friad SeSfoTebuli iyo saqarTvelosTan dakavSirebiT ganviTarebuli situaciiT. saqarTvelos aneqsiis bevri sakiTxi saeWvod eCveneboda. aleqsandre sastiki winaaRmdegi iyo sxva ucxo miwebTan aneqsiisa. man moiTxova gamarTuliyo saxelmwifo sabWo 1801 wlis 11 da 15 aprils da ganexilaT saqarTvelos aneqsiis sakiTxi. aleqsandre gancvifrebuli iyo, rogor SeeZlo mamamiss ase SeebRala memkvidreobis gadacema samefo dinastiaze, rogorc bagrationebis SemTxvevaSi, rac nebismieri saxelmwifosTvis SeiZleboda omis mizezi gamxdariyo. aleqsandre ar kiTxulobda, Tu ra sargebloba hqonda saqarTvelos aneqsias, aramed afiqrebda samefo dinastiis taxtidan Camogdebis ambavi, romelic mezobel saxelmwifos marTavda. aleqsandre gansakuTrebulad mgrZnobiare iyo, radgan safrangeTis revoluciis magaliTi aCvenebda, Tu raoden saxifaTo iyo mefeebis aseTi gadayeneba. aRSfoTebuli qarTveli Tavadaznauroba aleqsandres werdnen, rom apirebdnen ruseTTan SeerTebas mefe bagrationTan erTad da rom isini ar iyvnen revolucionerebi da ar undodaT daengriaT 1000 wliani dinastia, rogorc es moxda safrangeTis SemTxvevaSi. situacia kritikuli iyo. aleqsandre I grZnobda, rom saqarTvelos saqmeebSi raRac araswori iyo, amitom amis garkveva general knorings daavala. generali knoringi TbilisSi gagzavnil iqna 1801 wlis maisSi gamosaZiebeli misiiT. man da grafma musinpuSkinma Seadgines saidumlo moxseneba aneqsiis sargebelze. saqarTvelos elCi ruseTSi, garsevan WavWavaZec ki ar iyo am qmedebis saqmis kursSi. 1800 wlis 18 dekembers pavles #1 manifesti
28 dekembers mefe giorgi gardaicvala 1801 wlis 16 Tebervals #1 manifesti waikiTxes sionSi,
17 Tebervals somxur eklesiaSi 12 marts mefe pavle mokles
11 da 15 aprils alaeqsandres saxelmwifo #1 TaTbiri gadawyvetilebis gareSe
22 maisi saqarTveloSi gaigzavna knoringi 8 agvistos saxelmwifos #2 TaTbiri da knoringis
moxsenebis ganxilva 12 seqtembers #2 manifests xeli moewera 1802 wlis 12 aprils #2 manifesti waikiTxes sionSi
knoringma Camoitana ninos jvari. 3 da 4 ivniss sabWom ganixila daviTis, giorgi XIIs vaJis, werili, romelsac pavles pirveli manifestis miuxedavad, ruseTis dasturis
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